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Manifested bowel dysfunction It may also take place as the parazitonositelstvo without symptoms. Giardia infects only humans. The process of infection passes through the mouth when a person eats food or drinks water contaminated with Giardia. They can also be recorded in the mouth with unwashed hands.
The infection develops in the upper small intestine. To date, scientific evidence that giardiasis develops after ingestion of multiple cysts. Cyst - This is a form of existence of microbes, the capsule, having the form of a capsule. In such a capsule is particularly dense shell, so it is easy to survive under different influences. Thus, the cysts are resistant to acids, alkalis, active chlorine . Only in the process of boiling can be fully disarm.
Once in the body, they begin to multiply very quickly, and eventually accumulates in a huge number of Giardia. For example, in the gut of 1 cm2 mucosa may be, there are about one million Giardia and more. At the same time with the faeces of infected persons a day before the release of 18 billion lamblia cysts. In the mobile form of Giardia there are four pairs flagella And prisasyvatelny disc that makes it easy to attach to mucosa.
Giardia are strict parasites They do not eat food decorated parts. They exist only in the upper part of the small intestine, at mucosal surfaces. Giardia blocking functions of small intestinal mucosa, resulting in digestion of approximately walls disrupted. Besides parasites adversely affect the motor activity of the bowel. When giardiasis bacteria and yeast cells can multiply at a rapid pace. As a result, substantially impairs the function of the biliary tract and the pancreas. All the symptoms and signs of this disease mainly occur due to poor absorption process. It is mainly concerned with carbohydrates and fats. Less active enzymes poorly absorbed Vitamin B12 , Violations occur in the C-vitamin metabolism. All symptoms indicate that Giardia produce substances that negatively affect the structure of the microvilli in the small intestine.
Gall kill giardia, so in the biliary tract, they do not live. Accordingly, they can not provoke severe liver disorder, holetsistoholangity And problems with the nervous system.
Quite often giardiasis runs in parallel with other diseases. If Giardia present in the body, together with Shigella Then intestinal disorders may last longer. Also in this case, may occur chronic dysentery .
In most cases giardiasis is latent within. If manifest manifest forms of the disease , It is caused by the massiveness of infection, virulence of different strains of some parasites have infested immunocompromised persons. So much heavier flows disease in HIV-infected people . Immunocompromised patients often suffer relapses giardiasis, they re-infection can occur. In people who have had giardiasis, immunity can be very stressful and time consuming.
Symptoms of giardiasis
As a rule, giardiasis in the acute stage takes place for five to seven days. Sometimes the disease is delayed for a few months in the development of the disease appear noticeable malnutrition, reduced weight. In most cases, the symptoms of giardiasis are on their own for 1-4 weeks. Giardiasis in some cases, the disease becomes chronic, manifested its recurrence. From time to time the patient feels abdominal distention , Epigastric pain there, a chair can be a liquid. In the chronic form it manifests itself in most cases of giardiasis in children in the preschool years. The disease does not give complications.
Diagnosis of giardiasis
For the diagnosis of "giardiasis" to be detected as Giardia vegetative forms or cysts . Thus, the diagnosis can be made after studying the clinical data, research feces, blood, duodenal contents . If there is suspicion of giardiasis it is appropriate to use all methods of diagnosis. If there is a severe form of the disease, the parasites are excreted in the feces with a 5-7 day. The study of feces in the presence of chronic giardiasis need about every week for 4-5 weeks after release of the cyst occurs periodically. To assess the state of the biliary system, pancreas, liver, need to conduct a study with ultrasound of the abdominal cavity.
Today, there are a number of methods that can detect lyamblioznoy antigens in the stool of an infected patient. It the reaction of indirect immunofluorescence, REMA .
Giardiasis in children
The child's body similar to giardia fall through the mouth. Typically, the parasites are transmitted to the water. In some cases of giardiasis in children was registered immediately after birth. Giardiasis in children manifests itself in different ways. As a rule, the main symptoms of giardiasis in this case - is a sign dyspeptic syndrome : Pain in the abdomen or in the right upper quadrant, nausea and vomiting, changes in stool. In the duodenum and small intestine inflammation develops, the consequence of which are in violation of suction substances. As a result of a sick child loses weight, becomes pale, he appears very tired. Quite often in children with giardiasis may develop allergic reactions on the skin. It urticaria, angioedema, atopic dermatitis . Another symptom characteristic of child giardiasis, it's intrusive movement ( hyperkinesis ). Wink symptoms may speeded up blinking, twitching of facial muscles, too much grimacing. Generally when such symptoms examination proves that the child giardiasis.
Treatment for giardiasis
At first, It is being prepared, including the normalization of bile flow. Therapeutic measures prescribed, guided by the abuses at US and other surveys. Secondly , Carried out the actual treatment of giardiasis. There are several widely used methods. Thus, the specialist may recommend not only the traditional method of treatment of giardiasis, and pharmacological and homeopathic method Phytotherapy . However, the most important condition - in any case not to apply therapeutic measures without doctor's recommendation. After all, the means employed, including herbal medicines may provoke side effects.
Today, the treatment of giardiasis successfully performed assigning ornidazol or tiberal . It is important that this facility is suitable for the treatment of giardiasis in children.
The therapy is also used metronidazole, furazolidone . According to the latest research and observations, homeopathic methods give positive results in 85-90% of cases. However, the appointment should always consult a homeopath. As fotosredstv used garlic, raw pumpkin seeds, figs, gentian root, fennel (dill), peppermint leaves, and several other herbs. It is important to consider that in the treatment of giardiasis need to eat high-grade, but to reduce the consumption of sweets. After all, glucose is suitable as an additional energy raw materials for these parasites.
Third , In the treatment of critical rehabilitation period. At this stage, it is important to correct the deficiency of vitamins and intestinal dysbiosis Through the use of biologics. The treatment of giardiasis are engaged specialists, gastroenterologists and infektsionisty .
Even after seven weeks following discontinuation of therapy can be shown recurrence of the disease. Therefore, it is important to periodically visit a specialist who will monitor the condition of the patient.
Prevention of giardiasis
Fits all measures taken for prevention of ingestion of infections that are passed fecal-oral route . So, it is important to comply with hygiene regulations. Do not drink unboiled water, important to wash all fruits and vegetables are employed. Watch for children and do not let dogs and cats lick themselves. While swimming in the pond should avoid swallowing water. It is important to explain this to children is available. In the presence of a child's symptoms of giardiasis, too long or allergic disease problems in the functioning of the nervous system should immediately get advice gastroenterologist or, in the case of illness of a child, Pediatrician .
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