Biological methods of contraception

August 8th, 2011

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Biological methods of contraception called calendar   or rhythmic , Considered classic traditional methods of protection from an unwanted pregnancy. The basis of this method - abstinence from sexual acts in certain periods, when the female body characterized periovulyatornye days .

In the case of the use of biological methods of contraception, you must first thoroughly define the days on which the supposed ovulation . They can be identified by the following procedures: in the first stage is measured basal temperature Then revealed during its ascent, the next step is to find out whether the constant rise of the schedule. Now follow the basal temperature is possible by means of a special electronic programmer thermometer, which allows you to quickly install all phases Sterility   and Fertility Using the dynamics of basal body temperature.

Careful scheduling female menstrual cycle   It serves as the basis for the method of the basal Birth Control . This technique allows you to observe what is happening in the body physiological changes throughout the duration of the menstrual cycle. Biological contraceptive method enables us to determine the functional state of the female reproductive system, such as sterility and fertility. This method of contraception is also called the method of periodic abstinence rhythm method of contraception, natural and natural way of family planning and an excellent option for identifying Fertility .

And if the biological method of contraception the emphasis on his "natural", it does not mean that other methods of contraception are unnatural and artificial methods of birth control. All biological methods of contraception are based on control of all monitor the physiological changes that are associated with a woman's menstrual cycle and over.

The World Health Organization has determined that a way to control fertility is one of the most important methods of family planning or prevention of unwanted pregnancies with certain fertile days That are present in each menstrual cycle. During this period, the woman must be complete abstinence (periodic abstinence) or use other means of contraception to prevent pregnancy.

Therefore, the biological method is not just a view of contraception, it reveals only the most favorable for the occurrence of pregnancy periods. This woman herself can decide whether to choose a periodic abstinence   ( abstinence ) Or during the most fertile days it is preferred to use other contraceptives, to completely eliminate the possibility of pregnancy.

If a few decades ago, a biological method of contraception to use 25% of the couples, but now his popularity has declined, and this method of protection of pregnancy is now used not more than 5% of couples.

The effectiveness of the mechanism of action and biological history of the contraceptive method

On the history of family planning in a natural way during the previous era almost nothing is unknown, but preserved evidence monitoring the emerging signs of fertility in the body that occur during the menstrual cycle. Even in the middle of the XIX century, there technique cervical mucus . For example, in 1876, Dr. Mary Putnam was able to detect the fact that the basal temperature of the female body is always changing throughout the menstrual cycle. Already in the 30 years of the twentieth century, first it appeared the opinion that the peak of fertility falls in most cases, in the middle of the menstrual cycle. It was clearly established that, generally, the egg is released from the ovary exactly two weeks prior to ovulation.

This significant discovery quickly led to the development of rhythm or calendar method Ogino-Knaus. Already in the 60s of the twentieth century, it was revealed that enter the body women sperm   remain viable for several days. Around the same time, Evelyn and John Willings to identify the fertile days of a woman created a unique method of cervical mucus.

Despite the decrease in couples using a biological method of contraception, the value of testing for functional diagnostics, which helps to identify the nuances of the female reproductive system has declined so far. Such techniques are easy to implement and are fairly simple, although there are now the newest methodological possibilities that women gave modern medicine and pharmacology.

The most characteristic symptoms of the female menstrual cycle, in all cases lend themselves to change during the hormonal changes in a woman's body. Until the middle of each menstrual cycle occurs impoverishment cervical mucus   produced by the developing follicle level extragenic. In the second half of the menstrual cycle, all ekstrageny in the adrenal glands and ovaries are at their peak, so the cervical mucus becomes viscous and elastic, often appear in the abdomen called ovulatory pain, which bind to the gap follicle .

For the second phase of the progesterone or the female menstrual cycle is characterized by watery cervical mucus and liquid, it stands in a small amount into the vagina often women feel the appearance of dryness. By the ovulatory period there is increased basal temperature, which significantly affects the progesterone effect of heat. Basal temperature is always quite high it was during the second phase of the female menstrual cycle. Such symptoms affecting the change of cervical mucus and basal body temperature, the occurrence of long-ovulatory pain in basis in the preparation of the so-called graphs menstruation .

But the biological method of contraception is not always a reliable means to protect against an unwanted pregnancy, 20% of cases there is a "contraceptive failure" if the method of contraception used regularly.

Efficacy biological method of contraception readily identified by such factors as:

• the motivation of the couple and their desire to have children;
• Regular application of the method of sexual abstinence or other contraceptives throughout the fertile period;
• knowledge of biological method of contraception, its features and strict adherence to procedure;
• menstrual cycle should be regular with the same length of its phases.

The use of biological methods of controlling fertility is not only for contraception but also makes it possible for women planning pregnancy to see what days they have the greatest chance of becoming pregnant. In addition, the biological method of contraception allows women to understand the physiology of the body's own on a fairly deep level, learn the peculiarities of his menstrual cycle. This method is one of the options for diagnosing infertility   and its subsequent treatment, detection of premenstrual syndrome, many women accompanied by irritability and pain in the abdomen.

Indications for use of biological method of contraception

Nowadays biological method of contraception is most often used by married couples who can not use other methods of family planning in connection with religious characteristics, or other causes. Despite all the advantages of biological methods of contraception, all couples who use this method of family planning, must be aware that this method of contraception is not characterized 100% guarantee . Even with the correct determination of basal body temperature and menstrual strict adherence to the schedule, a woman may be pregnant.

Contraindications for the use of biological method of contraception

Special contraindications to the use of biological method of contraception is not revealed. Some women face difficulties in measuring basal tempera, certain symptoms of premenstrual syndrome and scheduling, so a technique aimed to determine the fertile days is quite difficult for them. Another contraindication for use of this technique for the prevention of unwanted pregnancy is the process when the menstrual cycle is irregular. The biological method of contraception is not desirable to use in the following cases:

• while using other contraceptives;
• during the period of breast-feeding;
• during the offensive premenopausal ;
• in the period preceding the onset of menarche ;
• in the presence of diseases that affect the timely detection of ovulatory symptoms that are associated with a woman's menstrual cycle;
• when using certain medications and drugs.

Recommendations for the use of biological methods of controlling fertility period

It is necessary to carefully monitor all changes cervical mucus, basal temperature regularly measure and record changes in her menstrual chart, pay attention to the emergence of symptoms that are associated with a woman's menstrual cycle, all necessary prodelyvat every day for the entire period of the menstrual cycle.

All changes to the cervical (cervical) mucus can be identified as follows: it is necessary to determine the days on which stands out the most transparent, flexible and very abundant mucus. At this point the woman come fertile days, when possible safe sexual intercourse, without the occurrence of unwanted pregnancy. From daily sex to abstain, requires a two-day interval between sexual acts. This technique regime sexual further stimulate conception, and also allows more control over allocation of all cervical mucus.

Basal body temperature must be measured on a daily basis. If the thermometer is fixed fever during the period of duration exceeding the period of one menstrual cycle, pregnancy is confirmed. A method of detecting cervical mucus is a more efficient method to identify the fertile period than the regular measurement of basal body temperature. It must be remembered that the basal temperature usually rises only in the phase of the menstrual cycle, which is characterized by the presence of ovulation.

Methods for identifying fertility

Who used four different methods designed to monitor the fertility:

• rhythmic or calendar method of contraception;
• Traditional temperature method;
• Symptothermal modern method;
• cervical mucus method.

It must be remembered that none of these four methods does not guarantee reliable contraception. The most ancient method of protection of pregnancy is considered to be a calendar method. This methodology is based, primarily, on the identification of the fertile days. In addition, it is necessary to take into account all previously obtained data on the ovulatory period, exactly two weeks before a woman's menstrual period (in the classical menstrual cycle length of 28 days, when mismatch correction is necessary). Keep in mind that a woman's body falling into sperm remain viable for eight days, and therefore can later fertilize an egg from the ovaries. Thus egg itself usually only viable for one day after ovulation.

Given that different women every first phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by varying the length, in addition, one woman can change every month duration of the phases of the menstrual period, fertile days, must be determined as follows. It is necessary to subtract 18-21 days of the menstrual cycle short for all the time of such plots. And then another 8-11 days to subtract from the observed in the measurement of basal body temperature, the longest women's menstrual cycle. The calendar method of contraception will be the more reliable the longer the period of duration of the fertile days.

Quite often, when determining the fertile days of women, admitted inaccuracies resulting when using the rhythm method of contraception to a fairly frequent occurrence of unwanted pregnancies occurring each year at 14-50% of women.

Instructions for use of rhythmic method of contraception

It is necessary to carefully maintain the schedule of menstruation and changes to fix the so-called menstrual calendar , For eight months, it is necessary to mark the length of menstrual cycles completely. The first day of each menstrual cycle is considered to be the day on which a woman begins menstruating, and ending on the last day of the menstrual cycle have a date prior to the date of the next menstruation. It is necessary to identify the length of the shortest and longest of the menstrual cycle.

There are special tables where there are fertile days taking into account the individual characteristics of each woman. First you need to determine the first "dangerous" day, using very short expectancy cycle menstrual period, and the last "unsafe" day should be fixed at the rate of prolonged menstrual periods. In each current menstrual period on a special calendar can be a special color mark all the dangerous days, starting from the first to the last.

To prevent unwanted pregnancies need to choose the best for you method of contraception One of the following three:

• total abstinence from sexual intercourse during the entire period of "dangerous" days;
• You can only refrain from the traditional sex, replacing them with anal and oral sex;
• use other contemporary spermicides   and barrier methods of contraception, including diaphragm   and condoms , A special foam or the contraceptive sponge.

This method of contraception is not suitable for women who have had an irregular menstrual cycle. If you enter a number, it is necessary to address urgently to the doctor to quickly identify the cause of any violations. The special table shows how to identify the most probable days in which a woman can come conception. The calculations are based on the number of days in the small length of the menstrual period, taking into account the detection of the first "dangerous" days. In such calculations it is necessary to mark also the protracted length of the menstrual cycle, emphasizing the last "safe" for the conception day.

Before using special table as a means of contraception, you need to understand how to calculate the "dangerous" and "safe" days. It must be remembered that a significant increase in basal body temperature does not indicate when ovulation occurs, and only indirectly refers to its development and approximation. 12-24 hours before the onset of ovulation, basal temperature, in contrast, considerably reduced, followed by its sharp rise to 0, 2-0, 5 ° C. Therefore, the fertile period is considered that part of the menstrual cycle, beginning with the first day up to the time when the basal temperature remains elevated for three days. You have to understand that after this begins postovulatory period , The duration of which typically is ten days.

Every woman in the measurement of basal body temperature is to use only the absolutely accurate thermometer, you can quickly detect even very slight signs of fever, otherwise all payments made by it to be inaccurate. This performance characteristic of basal temperature should be interpreted exactly, knowing that they can influence stress, a variety of chronic viral diseases, insomnia, and other factors.

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