Deformation of the foot. Flatfoot

March 19, 2013

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Flatfoot - A state in which a human foot is deformed, and thus its arches lowered. Because of this strain are lost with springs and shock-absorbing function of the foot. Flatfoot most common in women.

Types of flatfoot

To distinguish flat congenital   and purchased . Congenital flat   a child diagnosed relatively rare. This develops as a result of intrauterine pathology changes in the structural elements of the foot. Flatfoot purchased It can develop in both children and adults. In turn, this form of flatfoot divided into several types.

Development traumatic flatfoot   - The result of fractures of ankle and foot bones. Such a condition occurs and if the damaged soft tissue, which strengthens the arch.

Paralytic flat   (so-called paralytic flat foot) is a consequence of polio. Flatfoot develops due to paralysis of the muscles of the foot and tibial muscles.

If a child or adult moved rickets , The consequences of this disease is rachitic flat.   When rickets foot bones form properly, which leads eventually to flat feet. The bones in patients with rickets is not as strong as in healthy people, so the foot can be gradually deformed by the daily stress.

Also released static flat Which may be due to a genetic predisposition to the disease, weakened muscles and ligaments of the foot, as well as a consequence of a sedentary lifestyle and too weak physical activity. Provoke static flatfoot may also excess weight Or improper footwear, and also too strong stress on the feet, resulting in the constant walking in high heels, with an increase in weight during pregnancy, etc. This form of flatfoot is the most common (approximately 80% was diagnosed static flat).

If there is a flattening of the longitudinal and transverse arches of the doctor determines the patient Combined flat .

Causes of flat feet

If a person stops the normal form, it has two sets - longitudinal   (a set of its inner edge) and cross (located under the base of the fingers). And the longitudinal and transverse arches are responsible for cushioning and hold the balance. But with the weakening of the ligaments and muscles of the foot is disrupted their normal form. As a result, the foot becomes completely flat, losing the spring function, which is the most important.

When Flatfoot load, which normally falls on foot compensated leg joints and spine. Given that these bodies are not designed to perform this function, they eventually fail. As a result, develop various diseases. Sometimes people complain of pain in the back or legs, without even realizing that the main reason for this is just flat. Persistent back pain, fatigue, walking and other negative phenomena associated with flat feet, can lead to arthrosis . Because dysfunction of the support system can also develop scoliosis   for flat feet. In addition to flat feet it is very often associated manifestations in patients Varicose Veins . Therefore, in cases of suspected development of flatfoot young people quite naturally interested in the question of whether the army taking a flat-footed. But experts still advise not originally thinking about taking you into the army with this disease, and how to avoid negative consequences.

Symptoms of flatfoot

Symptoms flatfoot attentive person can easily detect in himself. First of all, a disease " issues "State of the shoe man. Since the foot is unusual, shoes wear out faster from the inside. It is easiest to notice when viewed shoes heel . When flat feet patient often feels that his legs get tired. It is very fast when standing load, as well as continuous walking. Therefore Army   - Not the institution where the place of people with severe flatfoot. Stops in adults and children with flat feet are sore after strenuous exercise. By the end of the day a person may complain of a feeling of heaviness in the legs strong. This leg may be swollen, and sometimes appear even seizures, the cause of which initially may be incomprehensible to man. Swelling in the flatfoot often appears near the ankles. Especially hard for women who used to walk on his heels. This gives them great difficulty.

Often when people flatfoot said that his leg as it becomes larger. As a consequence, it increases the size of the feet, which significantly when buying shoes. When the disease progresses, then the person periodically lower back pain . legs And thus it is also suffer from headaches .

Note, however, that before deciding how to treat flat feet need to be sure of the diagnosis. The fact that most of these symptoms is observed when varices . Therefore, every person celebrating the periodic appearance of pain in the lower leg, and the foot, should immediately be examined by a podiatrist. An experienced doctor will determine the nature of the problem and suggest how to cure illness.

With longitudinal   and transverse flat   symptoms are a little different. So, when a person says longitudinal flat feet severe fatigue and edema rear foot closer to the evening time. If you press in the middle of the foot or foot, the pain appears. A person with this form of flatfoot is very difficult to pick up his comfortable shoes, as the longitudinal arch is gradually becoming invisible, and flattens the heel. The ankle is very difficult to move, and at the same time, but the pain in the feet, one notes a constant pain. The total length of the foot becomes greater. Sometimes longitudinal flat feet 1 degree   a person can simply ignore. But if the disease goes into stage 2 degrees, its treatment must be taken immediately.

When cross flatfoot disappears cross vault, and thus deformed toes. In front of her department constantly have pain, blisters appear. Fingers are hammer. The big toe deviates outwards. The total length of the foot becomes smaller.

Degrees of flatfoot

There are different severity of the disease. Depending on this and it is determined by the degree of flatfoot. The earliest stage of the disease is the failure of the ligamentous apparatus   - The earliest stage of the disease. In this state, a person does not change the shape of the foot, but because of the sprain there is pain after stress. If a person is resting, the pain goes away.

With   1 degree flat disease is weak, there is fatigue in the legs after stress, swellings in the evening, pain with pressure on the foot, a change of gait.

Flatfoot 2 degrees   It causes more serious trouble to the patient. At this level there are signs of the disease combined flatfoot, arthritis can develop. The foot becomes flattened, its arches disappear, pain in the feet becomes strong and constant. Go to the sick person is difficult. How to treat the disease, the doctor should determine to which in this state as soon as possible to seek advice.

Flatfoot Grade 3 - A condition in which the foot deformity is expressed very strongly. The man constantly feels a distinct pain in the legs, feet, he observed swelling. The person suffers from headaches, it would be hard work, he can not play sports. He finds it difficult to walk, and categorically does not fit the usual shoes.

Complications flatfoot

When flat feet can develop many complications that lead to serious health problems. A man suffering from a flat-footed back pain . hips . lap . feet . He says Kosolapov while walking It observed severe posture and gait. Flatfoot is a disease of the foot: a patient with this pathology can develop heel spurs . bending the toes . valgus   or varus deformity of the foot . corn   and others. It is also developing the disease of the knee, pelvis and spine. Often when a person is suffering from flat feet ingrown toenail .

Diagnosis of flatfoot

To diagnose flat feet need to be considered ichnogram . This can be done even at home. Soles should be carefully spread fat cream, and then the person should be on a piece of paper, while standing straight and leaning on the whole foot. The imprint of a healthy foot is a recess on the inner side, and the width of the recess takes a big part of the foot. In the absence of recesses or if there is only a slight recess, it is a flat foot. In medicine, this test is called plantography .

In addition to this test in the diagnosis the doctor pays attention to the presence of the patient's symptoms indicative of flat foot.

To establish a diagnosis, doctors sometimes use podometric method Frinlyanda . The so-called podometric index is determined mathematically. It uses the measurement of the length and height of the foot.

But the most accurate method of determining a person is considered to be X-ray flat feet. Conducted X-ray images of both feet, and the patient should be, and the pictures are made in frontal and lateral projections. In the study of X-rays the doctor examines the magnitude of the angular deformation and concludes diagnosis.

It is very important as soon as possible to diagnose a child as entirely correct flat feet only at an early age. How to treat children have flat feet, the doctor determines, after a precise diagnosis and causes of disease. But keep in mind that pinpoint flat in preschool children is possible only after the child reaches five years, since young children there is the fatty layer that protects the bone, and the bone of the foot unit is still cartilaginous. Therefore, children are encouraged to inspect periodically led to an orthopedist, who, if necessary, appoint a massage or other treatments.

Treatment of flatfoot

It should be noted that the effective treatment of flat feet in children is only possible as long until they are 12-13 years . All treatments are practiced in adults, can only suspend the progress of the disease and relieve pain and other symptoms. But in general, the approach to treatment in adults and in children is used almost the same. First of all, the need for qualitative prevention of further development of flatfoot. After consulting with a specialist treatment can be done at home, as its main method is to massage and special exercises. To perform a massage, you can use a special Mat for the treatment of flatfoot Which is most effective in the treatment of disease in preschool children. Massage pad can be used at home, but before applying it must tell the specialist.

It recommended a series of simple exercises which nevertheless give excellent effect. So, it is very useful walking on his heel and toes, as well as on the outer side of the foot. You can use your toes to collect a variety of small items. In addition, doctors often recommend a walk on the grass, gravel, sand barefoot.

Massage for flat   It involves the use of a large number of different techniques. It stroking . fulling . chafing   and other methods. Massaging the foot, it is necessary to move from the toes to the heel. Massage involves movement of the lower leg from the ankle to the knee joint. How to exercise and massage perfectly tones the muscles and ligaments of the foot. It can be used in the treatment of special bath for the feet.

How to treat cross flat The doctor determines, taking into account all the data obtained in the process of diagnosis. Remove the pain, you can use drugs and physiotherapy. Most likely, the specialist advises the patient to wear special orthopedic insoles that support the arch of the foot. Further, such insole correcting violations of the foot structure. In such insoles is the inside of the instep, the heel has a recess, and where the transverse arch, located cushion. With the help of special " wedges "You can change the angle setting of the foot. These insoles can be purchased in a pharmacy or in specialized stores. They are wearing, as well as specially selected exercises allow for effective treatment of transverse flatfoot and greatly reduce the symptoms of the disease. However, the efficacy of this treatment depends on what degree flat diagnosed in the patient. In each case, the treatment may act differently. If the flat took severe forms, the disease only a few suspended. If there is a neglected disease, the practice of wearing special orthopedic shoes.

Thus, it is important to ensure a comprehensive approach to treatment, to strengthen muscles, relieve pain and stop the progression of the disease.

But if there was a strong flatfoot deformity of the thumb, and the man almost can not find the right shoes, the doctor prescribes a surgical operation.

Exercises for flat

It is important that the patient perform special exercises for flat feet every day. The muscles and ligaments of the foot as a preventative need to train constantly, otherwise they will weaken, and eventually develop symptoms of flat feet. Against this phenomenon effectively apply some simple exercises. So to cure flat feet in children and halt its development in adults, it is necessary to perform the next set of exercises.

Sitting on a chair, you need to straighten and bend your toes. Next, straighten your knees, pull socks with stress first by myself, then for themselves. With straight knees several times need to connect the soles of the feet.

It is also effective to bring the circular movement of the foot outward first and then - inside. Browsing, you can raise the legs: straighten, raise first one, then the other leg. Without taking his socks on the floor, it is necessary to reduce as much as possible and raise your heels.

Well developed muscles picking up small items toes, rolling round objects leg. And in the process of sedentary work can be periodically soles supposedly raking sand.

A set of exercises while standing, you can start with lifting to mysochkah. From this position you need to go to the outer edge of the foot, and then return to starting position. Effective as sit-ups, but the heel off the floor you can not tear.

Rounding out an exercise on the heels walking on tiptoe, with pursed fingers with your fingers. You can also go sideways on a log. Each of these exercises should be performed 10 times and do each day 1-2 times.

Prevention of flatfoot

To prevent the development of this disease, be sure to choose the right shoes. Flatfoot Prevention includes wearing leather shoes with flexible soles. The heel should not be higher 4 cm . It is important that the shoe is not too loose. However, strong shoes can hurt even more. When choosing shoes, you need to buy only high-quality and the most suitable items. Footwear for children should have soft instep, sole flexible and rigid heel. The heel should not exceed polsanitimetra . It is not necessary for children to wear the shoes, which previously were other kids, as it has been deformed. And it is fraught with irregular load on the foot.

It is important to avoid injury stop, promptly treat rickets, ensure regular exercise. The latter is particularly important for those whose work involves sitting. But too strong load too hurt, so perfect - moderate activity.

Great effect makes regular walking barefoot on the sand, grass, home use massage pads.

Valgus feet

Valgus foot   .

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