Bursitis

June 11, 2011

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Bursitis   (translated from Latin as a bag) - inflammation of the synovial bags ( bursae synoviales ).

Bursa   - A slit-shaped cavity to the support unit muscles. Bursa located in the tissue between the protruding portion of the bone and soft tissue, ie, in areas where there is often considerable mechanical pressure.

Inflammation periarticular bag, accompanied by severe pain, swelling, redness, called bursitis. More often than not, they are subject to the defeat of the hip, knee, shoulder joints and the Achilles tendon. Most often bursitis sick men and athletes.

Causes of bursitis

To inflammation and the appearance of bags periarticular bursitis may contribute to joint injury - trauma, bruises, abrasions, minor wounds, which can lead to infection of the bursa pyogenic microbes. Less common causes of the disease are overloading the joints, prolonged mechanical irritation or a sharp increase in physical activity. Bursitis can also cause various infectious lesions that are transferred from purulent foci of lymphatic erysipelas, bedsores, osteomyelitis , Boils and other.

Possible secondary causes of bursitis. Some diseases, such as arthritis . gout It can cause inflammation of the periarticular bags. In some cases, the cause of occurrence of bursitis fails.

Symptoms of bursitis

The disease is divided into acute and chronic forms. Acute bursitis usually begins a sharp severe pain, aggravated by movement of the affected joint. Over sore spot appears extremely painful swelling round elastic consistency, fluctuating. Its size is sometimes reach a diameter of 8-10 cm. The pain is given in the joint adjacent to the area and intensified at night. Place inflammation swells, the skin is red, there is flushing of the skin ( lymphangitis ), Fever, often up to 39-40 degrees. With progressive inflammatory process and its transition to the soft tissues, there are signs of cellulitis .

The acute form becomes chronic bursitis. During the chronic pain is not as sharp, but more long-term flows. In the chronic stage of bursitis in the area of ​​the bursa can form calcium deposits, which, in turn, cause symptoms of bursitis as limited joint mobility and swelling. Chronic process may sometimes deteriorate, and the amount of fluid in the cavity of the bag increases, which often leads to the formation of cystic cavities filled with fluid - hygroma .

The severity and course of bursitis depends on the place of its location. The most severe clinical course occurs in lesions of the hip joint.

Diagnosis of bursitis

Specific laboratory tests that identify bursitis does not exist and therefore the diagnosis is very important survey of the patient, finding the causes of pain, their nature and location .  Then, inspection and examination of the patient's joint .  Required appointed ultrasound joint and periarticular region in order to detect changes in the tissues, the detection fluid in the bursa .  Also appointed and X-ray examination .  In particularly difficult cases, and difficulty of diagnosis, acute bursitis diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging .  Sometimes it is necessary to study the fluid for the establishment of infection, whereas, for liquids, carried puncture bursa .  Such puncture allow to establish the nature of inflammation (purulent, serous, purulent and hemorrhagic etc. . d . ), Microbial flora and its sensitivity to the antibiotic, which greatly facilitates the treatment of bursitis .

All analysis and studies help confirm or refute the diagnosis, as well as the confirmation of the diagnosis, identify the cause of inflammation. That is why the diagnosis of bursitis necessarily be carried out comprehensively.

Treatment for bursitis

Generally, treatment of acute bursitis - conservative and does not require surgery. Immobilize the affected joint using a fixation dressing or bandage and kept in the raised position. Appointed peace. Sore spot periodically massaged through a cloth bag of ice. For pain relief is very effective compression - compression of the damaged section of elastic bandages or bandages. More often than not, under these recommendations, acute attacks quickly pass. There have been cases when the disappearance of pain contributed not cold, but on the contrary, the heat: warming, warmer, warming ointment.

Along the way, relieves symptoms of bursitis, prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs, in the case of severe pain, good effect gives an introduction of local anesthetics , such as novocaine In combination with glucocorticoid drugs such as hydrocortisone . If the puncture is carried out shows that the infection develops in the bag, you need antibiotics. To develop infections can cause earlier infectious diseases, such as flu . gonorrhea . tuberculosis .

After the cessation of pain, for the resorption of fluid is useful to apply dry heat, bandages Vishnevsky ointment , UHF and others.

Prediction of treatment for acute bursitis is more dependent on the pathological changes in the tissues of affected bags, their location, the nature of the infection and its spread. Thus, great importance individual patient, the resistance of the organism, the presence of complications, such as arthritis, septicemia, osteomyelitis, fistula between the bag and the skin surface, and others.

Chronic bursitis   treated cardinal methods very often necessary to puncture and removal of fluid from the cavity bursa followed by washing with a solution of hydrocortisone with antibiotics. The procedure has to be repeated two to five times. Before the procedure, a local anesthetic novocaine do. It is important to strict compliance with aseptic technique to avoid serious complications. In case of unfavorable development of treatment resort to surgery - opening the bag and remove the pus. Because of the duration of post-operative wound healing, this method is applied in extreme cases.

Also, treatment of bursitis through surgery is used in cases where there have been significant calcium deposits. Especially if they interfere with motor functions and lead to joint immobility. Small deposits of calcium salts are removed by aspiration - suction syringe. Recurrence of the chronic course of bursitis occurs in 2-3% of the operated patients.

Prevention of bursitis

Prevention of bursitis is in compliance with the correct mode loads on the joints, the primary care treatment of wounds, abrasions and other injuries, correct and timely treatment of various diseases pustular wearing a protective dressing. It should be time to eliminate all factors that lead to injury synovial bags, not to overload the muscles, use of protective devices, especially when doing extreme or contact sports.

Before physical exertion it is important to properly warm up, spend warm up and after exercise - right out of it, through a set of finishing exercise.