Bowel disease

24 November 2011

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There is a lot of variety intestinal diseases And most of them directly connected with inflammatory processes. In the presence of inflammation   primarily infects intestinal mucosa . Defeat occurs in a particular department, or bowel, or completely throughout its length.

So, duodenitis   - Is an inflammatory process duodenal mucosa, enteritis   - Inflammation, small intestine, colitis   - Inflammation of the large intestine, proctitis   - Inflammation of the rectum. Diagnosed as inflammation in a certain section of the colon. Typhlitis   - Inflammation of the cecum, appendicitis   - Inflammation of the appendix, sigmoid   - Inflammation of the sigmoid colon. In the process of inflammation intestinal mucosa significantly swells of her active mucus. In some cases, it may be allocated serous exudate   or pus . If the inflammation becomes severe and develops typhoid fever, tuberculosis, dysentery Then the mucous membrane can occur ulcers, which sometimes bleed.

In the course of the inflammatory phenomena occur not only changes with anatomical point of view, but also functional disorders. Bowel disease disrupt the natural course of digestion of food, there is insufficient absorption of water and nutrients, removal of food waste is broken from the intestine. The excretory function of the bowel is also violated due to the release of too much mucus, and in some cases, exudative fluid.

Diarrhea or constipation

Through reflex contraction of the muscles present in the intestinal wall, by moving food intestines. Intestinal peristalsis   reduced if the intestine is empty, as it can reduce or increase if there are intestinal diseases. In normal bowel movements in humans occur once or twice a day. If peristalsis is too strong, the chair takes place more often and become liquid separation. This occurs due to too rapid movement of food and, therefore, unavailable suction of the liquid contents in the blood. This state is typical for diarrhea .

The reason is too strong peristalsis can also be a jitters . So, fear, anxiety can greatly enhance peristalsis and cause diarrhea. Noticeably excites the process and certain foods - such as herbal products, bread with food that is difficult to digest. In some cases, diarrhea may occur as a protective reaction of the body to remove harmful products. Also, diarrhea can be caused by malabsorption of nutrients and water from the food. A subject selection Mucositis exudation of fluids in the intestine is even greater. Often the diarrhea observed in the presence of inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, which arose as a result of pathological processes provoked by microorganisms, enters the intestine. To assign an effective therapy, a specialist should be mandatory to determine the nature of diarrhea.

Constipation   - Is slow bowel movements are not happening for several days. The cause constipation - a significant weakening of peristalsis in the intestines. It can cause weakness of intestinal muscles, and atony of the intestines and abdominal muscles . Constipation is a constant sedentary. There are also the so-called habitual constipation . In such cases, deliberately suppressed the normal reflex to defecate due to haste or other reasons, and it happens regularly. On the occurrence of constipation can affect the food that is well absorbed. Thus, protein products practically do not irritate the intestines, and it works very sluggish and slow.

Another type of constipation - spastic constipation . They provoke tonic contractions of circular muscles of the intestine. Consequently terminated peristalsis. Constipation can be a symptom of intestinal diseases, for example, chronic colitis . Provoke the disease can and mechanical obstacles - tumors, scars, haemorrhoids . If there is no presence of morphological changes in the intestine, diarrhea and constipation then cured field eliminate their causes, as a rule, without additional medication.

Flatulence

This swelling in the abdomen, which occurred due to the accumulation of large amounts of gases. The intestine is strongly stretched, there are noticeable pain. The gases produced as a result of exposure bacteria And after consumption of dairy products, carbon food that provokes fermentation. If due to a particular disease gases are poorly absorbed in the gut may also occur flatulence . This phenomenon is possible and intestinal obstruction.

Intestinal pain

Bowel disease can cause very different pain. It may be constant aching pain, and sudden attacks of pain, called intestinal colic. If the person concerned disease of the small intestine, the pain will occur in the middle of the abdomen, where there is a disease cecum , This match will be the right iliac region, when illness sigmoid   - On the left. Pain is usually well defined during palpation. Pain abrupt nature arise in flatulence. If the symptoms of diseases of the intestine - is the pain before stool, and during it, it may be a manifestation of disease or descending sigmoid colon and rectum diseases. Most are sharp pain in inflammatory processes in the peritoneum. However, the appearance of pain in the abdomen can trigger diseases of other organs -   liver, kidney, spleen and pancreas.

Enterorrhagia

Bleeding   It may also occur as symptoms of intestinal diseases. These events are characterized by the presence of duodenal ulcer, ulcerative enteritis and   colitis . Very often patients do not notice the appearance of small intestinal bleeding, so the presence of blood in the stool detected only in laboratory research material. If the bleeding is too strong, the calories will be black. If bleeding occurs in the lower intestine, the blood in the stool is not digested in the visible, pure form. Such bleeding manifested in hemorrhoids . Also, a significant discharge of blood is possible in severe diseases of infectious nature - dysentery, tuberculosis, intestinal, typhoid fever .

Diagnosis of diseases of the intestine

First of all, after listening to the complaints of the patient, the doctor conducts a thorough palpation of the entire abdomen. The expert drew attention to the shape of the abdomen, holds the superficial palpation to determine specific areas of pain and muscle tension. If the surface palpation is not painful for the patient, then the method of deep palpation to determine the size of internal organs, their location and soreness.

Percussion method used to determine the reasons for the increase of the abdomen, paying attention to the character of the sound. The most important method of determining the presence of intestinal diseases is a laboratory study of feces.

X-ray of bowel   It allows you to diagnose accurately. If necessary, a few days bowel x-ray re-do. This method allows to determine the presence of tumors, obstruction, explore spastic contraction, motor function.   Sigmoidoscopy   conducted in patients with pathology of the rectum and sigmoid colon.

Acute enterocolitis, gastroenterocolitis

Usually, enteritis   combined with colitis and gastritis . ENTEROCOLITIS mainly provokes Escherichia coli . She is constantly in the intestine, but subject to the availability of adverse conditions can turn into pathogenic and cause inflammation of the mucous membrane. Also enterocolitis excite streptococci, enterococci   and a number of other bacteria. The toxic form of enterocolitis occurs after consuming substandard food.

The first symptom of colitis intestines - is diarrhea. With the defeat of the small intestines bowel movement will be abundant with the presence of mucus, but the chair will not happen too often. With the defeat of the large intestine often occur stool, mucus out, without having to mix with feces. Pains arise throughout the abdomen, and sometimes the pain is not particularly pronounced, but in some cases take place and intestinal colic. Due to the presence of infection provoked by the disease, the patient temperature may rise significantly. Symptoms of the disease are also headaches, weakness, poor appetite, vomiting, nausea .

Provided the correct approach to the treatment of the disease its symptoms can disappear for a week or two. If all the above symptoms are severe, the patient should adhere to bed rest. Provided that there is an acute infectious enterocolitis patient prescribe antibiotics   and sulfonamides . When shown a marked dehydration injection under the skin and intravenous saline solution and Glucose . The patient in the early days should take only liquid food.

Chronic enteritis and colitis

Chronic enteritis   and colitis   It arises from the inefficient and irregular power supply, venous stasis intestine, abuse of laxatives and enemas. Therefore, we must first eliminate the cause of the disease. Chronic colitis may trigger regular constipation. As a possible manifestation of symptoms of constipation, rarely - diarrhea. In the case of the phenomenon of fermentation inflated intestine manifested heaviness in the abdomen. Because of rotting food poisoning felt general weakness, headaches, malaise. This chronic disease can last for many years.

In the treatment of chronic form of the disease is important the correct approach to the diet. Treat the disease should be paying special attention to overcoming the problem of constipation and diarrhea. Perhaps the use of a mild laxative for constipation and astringent for diarrhea. If the disease is acute, the doctor prescribes the reception sulfonamides   and antibiotics .

Prevention of diseases of the intestine

In order to prevent intestinal diseases, especially important is a healthy way of life, the right approach to diet, avoid stress. Thus, the meal should be regular food - varied and useful. It is also important to adhere to the rules of hygiene. Exist immunizations   against acute intestinal infections and intoxications, which can be used as a safety means.