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Genital herpes - A disease that is sexually transmitted. It provokes the herpes simplex Herpes (abbreviated HSV). There are two types of herpes simplex virus. In the first type of HSV infection in humans is usually infected mouth or manifests cold sores on the face (so-called oral herpes ). With the defeat of the second type of virus become infected genital area (the so-called genital herpes ). But the first and second type of virus may trigger the development and the genital and oral infections. The herpesviruses generally are in an inactive state, therefore, the severity of symptoms are not observed in humans. But sometimes the patients infected by such viruses, outbreaks of disease, resulting manifestation or ulcers blisters . If a person is infected with HSV, the infection will occur periodically throughout his life.
The spread of genital herpes
Both types of Herpes simplex virus spread by contact. You can become infected during a kiss for different types of sexual intercourse or during direct contact "skin to skin". Since the virus, causing more genital herpes, also leads to rashes on the lips, the infection can occur after exposure to the lips and genitals. Infection occurs when it enters the body through mucous membranes, damage to the skin. Thus even microscopic injuries enough virus to penetrate into the body.
Genital herpes is transmitted, regardless of whether there is an infected person sores, blisters or other symptoms of illness. Very often, this infection can go from a man who does not even know that he is infected with a virus. The highest chance of contracting herpes simplex virus - from the man whose body has blisters or sores that occur in the primary and, and recurrence of genital herpes. Even people clear signs of herpes which lack may remain infectious for one week prior to the onset of disease, and the same period after the disappearance of its symptoms.
Transmission of genital herpes occurs in most cases sexually . In the same time household by - For example, through the things concerning personal hygiene, genital herpes is transmitted very rare. In addition, there is the presence of inoculation path virus: in this case the person carries the virus on their own from the source of its occurrence in other places. This method can get the virus from the skin to the skin of the genitals.
At present, genital herpes - is widespread among the population dostatochvno disease. It proved that genital herpes is more common in women. There is also a Medical statistics show that this type of virus infected about one in four women and one in five of the stronger sex. Perhaps this situation is due to the fact that a more effective transmission of the virus from a man to a woman. Much more often HSV-2 is found in black people.
Symptoms of genital herpes
Alarming fact that the HSV infection of the second type, many people appear only very minor symptoms, or symptoms thereof may be no. However, the symptoms of genital herpes in adults expressed the emergence of genital quite painful ulcers. If the disease is manifested in a person whose immune system is suppressed, the disease can occur very hard. In addition to physical symptoms, genital herpes in men and women aware of the presence of an infection often causes significant psychological distress.
Symptoms of genital herpes for the first time, herpes activity can be expressed very sharply. As a rule, the primary manifestation of the episode takes place not later than two weeks Field of how the virus got into the body. If genital herpes lesions appear typical: individual vials or their group occur in the labia, on the clitoris, the pubic hair, buttocks, sacrum. There is a certain cycle of development of lesions: initially there is congestion, then there is a bubble, turning into sores. At the last stage of the crust is formed, which then disappears. All these steps take from seven to ten days. If precipitation did not disappear during this time and is not described speaker, in this case no longer need to talk about genital herpes and other infections of, for example, staphylococcal . Very rarely, when there are genital herpes lesions on the cervix and vaginal mucosa: are the symptoms of genital herpes - rather the exception.
In addition to the appearance of symptoms of genital herpes sores can be expressed by the occurrence of repeated eruptions. At the same time, some symptoms can be similar to the manifestation fungus . Can increase the body temperature, swollen tonsils . Some people who have contracted the infection, did not note signs of genital herpes. Sometimes it may appear small spots, which are perceived by the patient as insect bites or a rash that quickly passes.
If a person has manifested a primary episode of genital herpes, it is usually for one year, will relapse disease. They may be repeated 4-5 times. But they are most visible during the first months of the infection.
There are some clinical features of the disease. If the infection occurred through sexual contact, and thus gets into the human body HSV virus is the second type , The symptoms did not appear in about 90% of cases. Therefore, the first symptoms of genital herpes are clear evidence of relapse have a chronic infection, not the disease after a recent infection.
There are several factors that can trigger the manifestation of genital herpes in men and women. First of all, sexual contact, and emotional stresses , Hypothermia, disease flu . sore throat and SARS . overwork , Surgeries, frequent use of alcohol and other factors. Genital herpes in women may occur during or after menses.
Diagnosis of genital herpes
Since genital herpes can cause the appearance of various signs of the disease in different patients, the diagnosis of the disease is based not only visual inspection, but also on the laboratory analysis of previously collected scrapings from the lesions. Laboratory diagnosis of genital herpes is also carried out by the study of any biological material for the presence of herpes virus.
To determine the level of risk to the fetus during pregnancy And, if necessary, appoint adequate treatment, carried out a special study of the blood of a pregnant woman, and if necessary, examines the amniotic fluid.
Treatment of genital herpes
It should be understood that the money is absolutely cure for genital herpes, to this day does not exist. Therefore, treatment of genital herpes comprises administering drugs having antiviral effects. They contribute to a marked reduction in the duration of the active phase of the disease, as well as prevent the development of disease at that time, while being treated with antiviral agents.
The decision on how to treat genital herpes in each case, must take only a specialist. Situational treatment of genital herpes lesions at the time of occurrence is performed by specific antiviral drugs that have both local and overall systemic exposure. In such medicaments the main active substance - is acyclovir and analogs thereof. When the manifestation of genital herpes often appointed three types of drugs: acyclovir ( Zovirax ) valacyclovir ( Valtrex ) famciclovir ( Famvir ). All these drugs are prescribed in pill form. But if the disease is very serious, it is possible acyclovir intravenously.
Furthermore, complex treatment sometimes involves the application immunomodulators To increase the total non-specific immunity. However, such drugs have relatively little effect, as a general immunity Most patients with genital herpes have not suffered. The therapy should be aimed at improving specific immunity against herpes simplex virus. To do this, apply consistent passive immunization (used for this purpose gerpebin else immunoglobulin against herpes simplex virus), as well as the specific active immunization with the herpes vaccines .
It should be remembered that acyclovir and its derivatives are absolutely can not accept women who are planning pregnancy, as well as lechitzabolevanie with their use in the first trimester of gestation baby. These drugs can provoke malformations in the fetus in utero.
Pharmacological therapy can not completely cure genital herpes, but to endure this disease when taking medicines patients will be much easier.
In the treatment of genital herpes are sometimes used as an ointment, but their impact is expressed very weakly. Therefore, doctors usually do not prescribe such means.
If you notice symptoms of genital herpes for the first time tend to prescribe a course of antiviral therapy for up to 10 days. If after termination of treatment the rash is still not disappear, it is possible to prolong drug therapy.
Another treatment option - episodic treatment . In this case, the person who suffers from genital herpes, the doctor prescribes a certain anti-virus tool that uses the patient immediately when there is a disease outbreak. Therefore, if the patient is found blisters or sores, such a drug should be taken a few days (two to five). In this case, the ulcer will heal faster.
In some cases it is advisable to apply the so-called suppressive treatment . It is a daily intake of antiviral agents by patients who say very frequent outbreaks of genital herpes. Those people who suffer from relapses that manifest more than six times a year, with regular admission of such agents can reduce the number of recurrences of herpes by 80%. Many patients taking daily antiviral medications, note that herpes outbreaks do not occur. The decision to accept treatment suppressive doctor, guided by information on the frequency and severity of relapses of the disease in a patient.
In addition to the therapeutic effect of daily administration of drugs with an antiviral effect reduces the risk of infection of the sexual partner of the patient with genital herpes. Experts say that long-term care facilities, has antiviral effect, has no serious contraindications and is safe for humans.
However, those people who have been assigned the suppressive treatment at least once a year come to the reception of the doctor, who, along with the patient decides whether to continue such treatment in the future.
Recommendations patients with genital herpes
Sometimes, when an outbreak of herpes is necessary to apply certain measures of independent domestic help to alleviate the significant discomfort from the rash. Before you consult your doctor can receive drugs with analgesic effect, are sold without prescription: Aspirin . ibuprofen . It should keep diseased dry place. If wiping with a towel after washing them uncomfortable, then in that case you can use a hair dryer. It is recommended to wear underwear made from natural fibers such as cotton. Natural fabrics allow moisture absorption, and helps to alleviate the general condition.
Genital herpes and pregnancy.
It is very dangerous infection of genital herpes in pregnant women. If childbirth the virus is in its active phase, then there is a very high risk of infection of the newborn, which can even lead to death. Therefore, in this situation, doctors resorted to holding caesarean section . If the birth coincided with recurrent herpes in the mother, the chances of infecting the baby are greatly reduced.
If a woman is planning to become pregnant in the near future, it should be examined for the presence of herpes virus in the body. At the same time, the woman's husband, which plans pregnancy does not require inspection and treatment in the event that they do not suffer from genital herpes. The virus is man who is in the latent stage, the fetus is not threatened.
Pregnant women should be aware of and that no matter what method of treatment of genital herpes is not practiced before conception, it does not guarantee that in the process of carrying a child appear rash. The fact that the period of pregnancy - is especially severe physiological condition Immunodeficiency a woman's life. Therefore outbreak of genital herpes in pregnancy arise quite often. But if the diagnosis and subsequent treatment of genital herpes is done correctly, every woman can finally have a healthy baby.
Prevention of Genital Herpes
For qualitative prevention of probable infection with genital herpes, many countries have developed and implemented a variety of vaccines that protect against human herpes. Using those vaccines already exist, made in a certain pattern. But to this day continue to develop vaccines that would be reliably protected from infection by human herpes infection.
Patients with genital herpes do not need to have sexual intercourse before the time, until all of the clinical manifestations of the disease disappear. If sexual contact does occur, it is mandatory when it should use a condom. It is important to survey all the people who have had sex with an infected patients with herpes. Proper use of condoms in all sexual intercourse without exception allows a certain level of protection against infection. However, herpes sores are not always only in places protected condom. Therefore, transmission of the virus may still occur. Therefore, if the sexual partner of a person sick with genital herpes should be to completely eliminate sex for the period of the presence of visible signs of the disease, and is the active phase of infection, be sure to use a condom.
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