Girls are more likely to suffer from depression due to hormones

Adolescent girls often face depression because their hormones affect blood flow to the brain. Such conclusion scientists from the University of Pennsylvania.

Depression in girls

Puberty in girls causes changes blood supply to the brain As it turned out, American scientists. Since girls blood flow to the brain in adolescence due to exposure to hormones becomes more powerful than boys, they are more likely to be victims depression and anxiety. The researchers found in a woman's brain field, the difference in blood supply between which the most obvious. Areas associated with cognitive functions, emotions and control over social life.

In general, science has long been known that women and especially teenage girls often face depression But the exact cause of this scientists did not know. Now, it was found that the tendency to depression conditioned features blood supply to the brain   because of the impact of women's sex hormone estrogen. He is the cause of a stronger blood flow to brain than in boys.

It is known that the brain is supplied with blood women more actively, than men, but researchers have found that a particularly strong differences was observed in puberty. These findings were made on the basis of MR images 922 young people aged from 8 to 22 years. Scientists wanted track, does the entry into adolescence on the level of supply blood brain.

Note that the boys because of the effects of the male hormone testosterone on the brain often become victims of schizophrenia. (READ MORE)

Healthy Child

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Swallowed magnets collect more victims

Canadian experts are sounding the alarm: more kids victims swallowed magnets, including those used in toys. Experts point out that in recent years the frequency injuries of the digestive system, related to such incidents has increased almost 10 times.

magnets

  About that, in what has become the problem of the use of magnets in everyday life, said doctors at the University of Toronto. According to doctors, their observations show a clear trend towards an increase in accidents because swallowing magnets - this says grown precedents surgery intervention to help children. The experts point out that swallow the magnets can be very dangerous, since modern production It employs more harmful and potentially hazardous substances. "Today magnets 20 times more powerful than the old and able to inflict more damage, "- say the authors of a new study.
 

  According to experts from Toronto, most cases serious damage due to swallowed magnets relates to the perforation of the stomach, small intestine and colon. In this statistical analysis for 10-year period (2002 to 2012) is convincing evidence that the victims swallowed magnets among children is growing, in part because, magnets willingly used by manufacturers of children's toys and accessories. (READ MORE)

Healthy Child

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Teens do not distinguish the Internet from reality

A study commissioned by Google and Vodafone research has shown that modern teenagers already can not distinguish the real world of the computer. They spend too much time online, losing touch with reality.

Children and the Internet

This study was to answer the question, Does the school pay enough attention to informing children about the dangers of abuse of the Internet. It turned out that a lot of teens do not see the differences between the World Wide Web and the reality, and their behavior more It changes when they move from primary to secondary school. Unfortunately, children older teens are happy to share what they have found in the Internet, with more young children.

Internet replaces the children of parents and teachers, because he able to answer any question, to entertain, to teach or to find a partner. Although the World Wide Web brings a lot of benefits to the issue of education of children, it is can seriously cripple their bodies and souls. The so-called cyber-bullying (harassment of Internet) is rapidly gaining momentum, giving rise to a whole epidemic of childhood depression and suicide.

Back in 2011, researchers found that 40% regularly using Internet children   There are online happier than in real life. Today, the number of such children has increased even more. Popular sites, promoting drugs, aggression, sex, as well as all sorts of marginal Teenage flow causes great harm to the psyche of thousands of children and methods to reverse this trend, experts see no, because the Internet is still free territory, which does not apply any censorship. (READ MORE)

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Healthy Child

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Chloramine B

Description overdue on 10/28/2014

• Latin name: In Chloraminum
• ATC code: V10BX11
• Active substance: Benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt hloramida (Chloraminum)
• Manufacturer: BOCHEMIE, Czech Republic

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• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Instructions for use Chloramine B (method and dosage)
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Analogs
• Synonyms
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

The composition of the disinfectant: benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt hloramida . Formula: C7H7ClNNaO2S + 3H2O . The concentration of active chlorine in the form of 25 +/- 0 1, 0%.

Product form

Chloramine - a small white or yellow crystalline powder, produced in bags of 15 kg. Soluble in alcohol and water. Available in bags of 300 grams of 50 bags per pack.

Pharmacological action

It has spermicidal, deodorizing   and antiseptic   action.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

A solution of chloramine, acting on the fabric allocates chloro in active form and oxygen which damage vital structures microbial cells. This caused its antiseptic, deodorizing and Spermicidal properties.

Indications

• Disinfection of non-metallic tools and hands.
• Treatment of infected wounds.

Contraindications

• Inflammatory skin changes.
• Allergies   components for preparation.

Do not apply to face, may cause severe irritation.

Side effects

Local allergic reactions   in place of the drug.

Instructions for use Chloramine B (method and dosage)

Instructions on Chloramine B prescribes the use of the drug locally, pre-prepare a solution of the following concentrations.

• For the treatment of infected lesions using 1, 6-2, 0% solution means.
• For hand disinfection - 0, 26-0, 5% solution.
• To disinfect the discharge at paratifiznoy . typhoid . Cholera   and other intestinal infections, as well as scarlet fever, diphtheria, flu   We recommend using a 1-3% solution, in order to inactivate tubercle bacillus   - 5% solution.

Overdose

Overdose is unlikely, since there is no systemic effect.

Cooperation

Interactions with other drugs has not been studied.

Terms of sale

The tool can be purchased with a prescription

Storage conditions

Store in a cool, dark place. Keep away from children. Ready solution in a tightly closed glass jars.

Shelf life

Five years. The finished solution can be stored for 15 days.

Analogs

Chloramine T Alpihlor, Glavhlor, Javel Sin   and others

Synonyms

Neomagnol, Hlorogenium, Hlorazen.

Reviews

In general, the tool is evaluated as an effective remedy. However, in some cases it may cause local irritation.

Price Chloramine B, where to buy

Often heard the question: where to buy Chloramine B? The above means you can buy in a pharmacy.
In Ukraine, the price of chloramines is 45 hryvnia per 1 kg. In Russia 1 kg of the drug costs about 190 rubles.

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Furiousness

November 25, 2011

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Furiousness   It is a viral infection of zoonotic nature. Man infection is transmitted through the saliva of carnivores due to bites. The infection is accompanied neuronal degeneration   in the brain and spinal cord. Rabies in humans is manifested symptoms of a deep disorder of the nervous system, as evidenced by high arousal . manifestation aggressiveness . Dementia Which eventually causes paralysis   and subsequent death.

Symptoms of rabies and its overall clinical picture described in the first century AD. Then the disease is called hydrophobia. Even then it was clear that arises as a result of rabies animal bites. Louis Pasteur in 1885 invented the rabies vaccine, which guarantees full protection of the human development of the disease. The causative agent of rabies is Virus genomic RNA Shaped rod or bullet. Nowadays there are two variants of this virus: the first, called wild operates exclusively in the natural environment, the animal, the second, fixed, is used in the manufacturing process of modern vaccines against this disease. Both variants of the virus is particularly close in the antigenic structure, so that the vaccine is created based on the second type of virus, guarantees the protection of wild virus.

The virus is not sensitive to low temperatures, but by boiling it immediately dies. Also, he is killed by exposure to ultraviolet rays, and drying under the influence of 2% solution Lysol . chloramine . carbolic acid .

The sources of the virus are infected animals , With the saliva which the virus is released into the outside world. Saliva   become contagious for about ten days before the onset of the disease in the animal. Under normal conditions, the ill person is not a source of infection. The literature contains descriptions of rabies as a result of corneal transplants of people who died of rabies.

The virus is transmitted by contact, usually a person becomes infected after being bitten by an infected animal. Much more rarely it happens due to virus infection or licks a person sick animals. It is now believed that the infected can not only direct contact   manner but also aerogenic   (in caves inhabited by infected bats in the laboratory) alimentary   and transplacental   method.

Every year more than 50 thousand people in the world die from this disease. At the same time about a third of the people infected by contact with wild animals, and in other cases, infection occurs from pets. The virus enters the human body through the skin or mucous membranes, which were damaged due to contact with sick animals. The originator moves to the central nervous system through nerve fibers and perineural spaces, and then begins to spread in the same way peripherally. Also, the pathogen can spread hematogenically   and lymphogenous . Under its influence there is a formation of edema in the brain are activated degenerative and necrotic changes in nature. In view of the changes in the central nervous system occur convulsions   breathing and swallowing muscles, increases significantly salivation and sweating, occurs in disorders of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Later, the central nervous system of the pathogen enters the system, and other organs. Infiltrating in the salivary glands, it begins to stand out with saliva.

The clinical picture of rabies

While incubation period   It depends on whether, in what Mete took a bite or licks. So if the infection got into the body through the area on the face or head, the incubation period lasts two to four weeks. If the damage occurred in the legs, then this period can last from several months to one year. The disease can be divided into three distinct periods: the initial period (depression), as well as periods of excitation and paralysis.

In the initial period of the disease develops gradually, which can complicate diagnosis. It had taken place on the bite people often simply forgets. However, in some cases appear precursors of the disease. It may be pulling pain, itching and burning in the place where the wound has healed from the bite. Less local lesions can appear swelling and redness. More clearly expressed changes in the mental state of the person. He manifests pronounced isolation and depression, often a high irritability. The patient has a poor appetite and sleep, while he was haunted nightmares. He was also concerned about the headaches and the state of malaise in general. Man pursues a constant feeling of anxiety, fear, apathy   and feel pressure in your chest. Symptoms of rabies at this stage can also occur occurrence dyspeptic symptoms   (usually a constipation ).

In the second period the height of the excitement happening of the disease. This period begins after two or three days after a depressive period. The patient is observed subfebrile body temperature, a state of excitement. The symptoms of rabies appear the development of typical symptoms - rabies . akustofobii . aerophobia, photophobia   Rabies is manifested in the use of water: while attempting to drink a glass of water from the patient feels a painful spasm in the throat and larynx .  When you try to bring a container of water to his lips turn blue and the patient is trying to throw a glass .  But this symptom is not observed in all patients suspected of having rabies, which complicates diagnosis .  Later, similar behavior is observed in a patient with the noise of the water, and even at the mention of the water .  For the other mentioned phobias are characterized by fear of even very small noise, blow air, light .  Paroxysms provoked such phenomena, continuing a few seconds, they are accompanied by muscle spasms in the face of mydriasis .  Breathing becomes part of the patient and uneven, it shows aggression, screaming, perhaps trying to bite or hit others .  He has been a strong salivation, so he always spits .  In the second stage of the disease attacks are rapidly becoming more frequent, the patient loses weight rapidly .  He starts variety hallucinations But while it remains in the mind, only the end of consciousness disease cloudy. The duration of the second period of the disease - two or three days, in rare cases - up to six days.

The period is the last period of paralytic rabies. It is characterized by the following symptoms of rabies. Man falls down into a state of complete apathy, significantly reduced motor function and sensitivity. In this manifestation, characteristic of the previous period, may disappear entirely. In general, it seems that there was an improvement in the patient's condition. But after a while sharply and strongly temperature rises, it becomes very frequent heart rate, lowers blood pressure, and there are Hand paralysis . Foot . cranial nerves . As a result, the cause of death becomes a paralysis of the respiratory and cardiovascular centers. This period can last from one to three days.

Diagnosis of Rabies

It is important to differentiate a person from rabies paresis . Polio Other paralysis . Tetanus . Botulism . Encephalitis . Hysteria . It is important to have a correct diagnosis or information bites or licks to animals, which then disappeared or died. As the most demonstrative evidence of disease experts define hydro, acousto, aerial and photophobia.

During the life of an infected patient can distinguish the virus from his saliva or cerebrospinal fluid. The possibility of setting fluorescent antibody reaction on skin biopsies or fingerprints from the cornea. But to date, these methods for diagnosing practically applied, however diagnosis is made on the study of disease symptoms. As a retrospective diagnosis used histological examination of brain sections who died from the disease. In sections detect the presence Taurus Babes-Negri .

Treatment for rabies

At this time there is no causal therapy for the treatment of disease. It is therefore possible to use only the means and methods that can alleviate the patient's condition. To remove the motor excitation is used sedatives , Convulsions stopped by curariform drugs . To compensate for respiratory disorders, the method of tracheotomy and respirator.

Rabies Prevention

To effectively deal with the manifestation of rabies in humans is necessary scheduled fight the spread of rabies among animals. This occurs through the use of mass routine vaccination, the destruction of diseased animals, following the rules of keeping animals at home, control measures for the transportation of animals within the country and across the border. In order to prevent by creating awareness among the people and those who are involved in working with animals, do preventive vaccination. Grafting involves three intramuscular administration of the vaccine in a dose of 5 ml into the deltoid muscle of the arm. If there were scratches or bites should immediately wash the wound thoroughly with soap water. The edges of the wound then treated with an alcohol or tincture of iodine , Imposed on the wound sterile dressing. Those who are injured as a result of an animal bite, immediately poison specialists for the course rabies vaccination . It is important to bear in mind that the effectiveness of vaccination is expressed only when it made not later than the fourteenth day since the animal bite.

In the hearth makes a clear manifestation of rabies epizootic and epidemiological supervision . Among other things, made of laboratory services for the rapid and effective diagnosis of rabies in humans and animals. In the presence of a hospital patient with rabies, it is placed in a separate room, and all specialists work with him only in protective clothing. If there has been a hit in the saliva of the patient skin and mucous membranes should undergo rabies prophylaxis using drugs.

"Rabies uterus"

So call nymphomania   - Excessive sexual desire in women, which is considered to be a type of hypersexuality. The disease manifests itself very strong desire for frequent sexual contacts with different partners. "Rabies uterus" is also expressed indistinguishability to certain characteristics of the partner: nymphomaniac completely indifferent to his age, appearance, etc. Basically nymphomania associated with the inability to achieve orgasm. For patients' rabies uterus "is characterized by a state of sexual frustration, the search for new partners, the constant random links.

In the treatment of this disease, it is important to distinguish between the presence of the disease and extreme version of normal. Specialists prescribe therapy sedatives, as well as, if required, psychotherapy.

Hexicon

Description overdue on 11/21/2014

• Latin name: Hexicon
• ATC code: D08AC02
• Active substance: Chlorhexidine digluconate (Chlorhexidini bigluconas)
• Manufacturer: JSC "Nizhpharm", Russian Federation

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• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Instructions for use hexicon
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Cautions
• Analogs
• During pregnancy (and lactation)
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

In part one suppository Hexicon   It includes 16 mg Chlorhexidini bigluconas And polyethylene oxide basis (polyethylene 1500 / Polyaethylenoxydum 1500 400 PEO / Polyaethylenoxydum 400).

Part A candle Hexicon   includes 8 mg Chlorhexidini bigluconas And polyethylene oxide basis (polyethylene 1500 / Polyaethylenoxydum 1500 400 PEO / Polyaethylenoxydum 400).

AT solution for external use contained 0, 5 mg sodium Chlorhexidini bigluconas   with a concentration of 20%, purified water (Aqua purificata).

One hundred grams gel   contained 0, 5 g Chlorhexidini bigluconas   and auxiliary components: Cremophor - RH 40 (Cremophor RH 40), poloxamer 407 (Poloxamerum 407), purified water (Aqua purificata).

One vaginal tablet Hexicon   It contains 16 mg Chlorhexidini bigluconas   (as a solution Chlorhexidini bigluconas   a concentration of 20%) and auxiliary components: microcrystalline cellulose (Cellulosum microcrystallisatum), corn starch (Amylum maidis) pregelatinized, povidone (Povidone), low molecular weight, stearic acid (Acidum stearicum), lactose monohydrate (Lactose monohydrate).

Product form

Manufacturer releases the drug in the form of:

• pessaries 8 and 16 mg;
• solution;
• gel;
• vaginal tablets 16 mg.

Pharmacological action

Hexicon belongs to the pharmacotherapeutic group of drugs antiseptic and disinfectant action . When interacting with structures   microbial cells He violates livelihoods, inhibits the development and provokes death pathogenic microflora .

The use in gynecological practice various dosage forms hexicon not only successfully fight pathogens But also to carry out prevention PP infektsionnnyh transmitted diseases.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Included in the hexicon as an active ingredient chlorhexidine   a strong disinfecting agent, which exhibits a sensitivity to a wide range of Microorganisms Including including Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria . protozoa . herpesvirus .

Hexicon effective against:

• gonokokkov   (Neisseria gonorrhoeae);
• Treponema pallidum   (Treponema pallidum);
• Chlamydia   (Chlamidia spp.);
• gardnerellas   (Gardnerella vaginalis);
• ureaplasmas   (Ureaplasma spp.);
• Bacteroides fragilis (Bacteroides fragilis);
• Trichomonas   (Trichomonas vaginalis);
• herpes virus type II   (HSV-2).

The low sensitivity to the drug characterized individual strains Pseudomonas   (Psevdomonas spp.) And Proteus   (Proteus spp.). Resistance to its effects are viruses . mushrooms . bacterial spores . acid-resistant bacteria .

Due to included hexicon chlorhexidine   formulation has several advantages over other antimicrobial   and antiseptic . He:

• It does not violate the natural microflora of the female genital tract   and it has no effect on the activity lactobacilli ;
• not addictive and resistance to its action in sensitive to it Microorganisms   (even with repeated application);
• approved for use in the treatment of pregnant and lactating women ;
• saves (although to a lesser extent) the activity in the presence of bleeding and pus.

Efficiency is also provided suppositories features within them polyethylene 1500 (Polyaethylenoxydum 1500) and polyethylene oxide 400 (Polyaethylenoxydum 400). These agents provide a more uniform distribution of the active substance on the surface mucosa   and its deeper penetration into the fabric.

In addition, the foundation polietilenkosidnaya dehydrate pathogens   and clears mucous from accumulating on it their metabolic products.

Vaginal tablets Hexicon been developed as alternatives suppositories. For some women, they are more convenient than the spark, as void volume does not increase, and hence does not require the use of additional hygiene products.

Almost not absorbed from the GI And through the skin and mucous membranes when applied topically. Systemic absorption when applied vaginally tablets Hexicon extremely small.

If swallowed inadvertently 0, 3 g Cmax achieved after half an hour and is 0, 206 mg / l.

Drug is eliminated from the body mainly with intestinal content (90%) excreted by the kidneys than 1%.

Indications

Candles Hexicon - from what they are?

Candles Hexicon indicated for prophylaxis   sexually transmitted infections Induced activity is sensitive to the action of the drug microflora For the treatment of inflammation of the genital organs   in women for the prevention of inflammation and infection of the genital tract before birth, gynecological surgery, the procedure of abortion, intrauterine studies, etc ..

Indications for use of candles are Hexicon D Children gynecological diseases .

Indications solution, gel and vaginal tablet is the same as a suppository.

Additional indications for use of the solution

The solution is used as a disinfectant for treating purulent wounds   and infected burns . In gynecology, urology and surgery are used to treat it infectious skin lesions   and mucous .

Dentists prescribe rinse under hexicon thrush . gingivitis . inflammatory lesions of periodontal tissues   and terminal respiratory tract .

Additional indications for use of the gel

The gel used Hexicon for the treatment of inflammatory diseases in gynecology . Dentistry   and Urology . In addition, they treated the affected areas of the skin infection.

Contraindications

Contraindications to the appointment are hexicon hypersensitivity   to its components.

Additional contraindications for a solution - Dermatitis .

Gel with caution and suppositories are used to treat children. The optimal dosage form for the child are suppositories Hexicon D.

Side effects

The most frequent side effects of candles - it allergic reactions . itch   and burning in the vagina. These symptoms do not require specific treatment and tested independently after cessation of treatment.

Vaginal suppositories Hexicon D provoke undesirable side effects is less than 0, 1% of cases.

Adverse reactions to the use of the solution and are extremely rare. As a rule, they are expressed in the form allergy symptoms   and itching Passing after the cessation of treatment.

Some solution Hexicon causes dry skin of hands, the stickiness of hands (usually no more than three to five minutes) dermatitis . photosensitization . Rinse the mouth they lead to tooth enamel coloring, tartar, taste disturbances. Similar phenomena can provoke and gel.

Instructions for use hexicon

Candles Hexicon: instructions for use

Candles are designed for intravaginal application.

For therapeutic purposes, twice a day for 7-10 days administered vaginally one suppository. If necessary, repeat the treatment after 20 days.

To prevent   sexually transmitted diseases   it is recommended to enter one suppository no later than two hours after unprotected intercourse.

Etc. Application Instructions Hexicon D is similar to the instructions for use of candles 16 mg.

Gel Hexicon: instructions for use

To treatment of inflammatory urological   and gynecological diseases   Gel should be applied to the affected surfaces twice a day. Duration of treatment may range from 7 to 10 days.

Infectious dermatological diseases   treated finely causing gel on the affected surface, two or three times a day. How long will the treatment depends on the clinical situation.

In dental practice, an ointment applied in the form of applications to the multiplicity of 2-3 times a day. The duration of one treatment - from one to three minutes. Duration of the course is determined by the clinical situation.

Instructions for use of the solution

The solution is used topically and locally in the form of applications, irrigation and rinsing. To carry out the procedure one should be applied to the affected surface of the skin or mucous from five to ten milliliters with exposure means by one to three minutes, two or three times a day (the solution may be applied to the tampon or by irrigation).

To prevention Infections Who passed PP Hexicon appropriate to apply if the procedure would be held no later than two hours after sexual intercourse.

By means of the nozzle the liquid contained in the vial is introduced into urethra   (both women and men) or in the   vagina . The dose for administration into the urethra of men - from 2 to 3 ml for women - one or two ml. To vagina   administered from 5 to 10 ml. The nozzle is delayed by 2-3 minutes.

Also, a solution should be treated with the sexual organs and the skin inner thighs and pubic area. It is not recommended to urinate within two hours after the procedure.

With inflammation of the urethra   (including complicated prostatitis ) Is supposed to complex therapy that complements injection for ten days, once or twice a day into the urethra of the solution in an amount equal to 2-3 ml (recommended procedure every other day).

With diseases of the oral cavity   designate rinsing solution preparation. The multiplicity of procedures - 3-4 per day. The amount of solution needed for a treatment - from 5 to 10 ml.

Instructions for use vaginal tablets

Before use, the tablet is moistened in water and is introduced into vagina .Sutochnaya Dose depending on the diagnosis is 1 or 2 tablets. The treatment is carried out for 7-10 days.

To infection prevention Which are transferred PP tablet as suppositories, it is recommended to introduce within two hours of unprotected intercourse.

Overdose

Because the drug is practically not absorbed from GI and not absorbed topically through skin   and mucous The probability of an overdose it is considered unlikely.

To date, information about overdose hexicon not.

Cooperation

The efficacy increases with simultaneous use ethanol .

Do not use Hexicon with applicable intravaginal drugs, which include iodine.

Remediation external genitalia   It has no influence on the efficacy and tolerability of candles, since they are applied intravaginally.

Pharmaceutically not compatible with anionic detergent   (saponins, Sodium lauryl sulfate, Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose) and soap. Chlorhexidine   inactivated in the presence of soap, so before using the product should be thoroughly rinsed from the skin and mucous soap residue.

Hexicon permitted to combine with drugs containing cationic group.

Terms of sale

OTC

Storage conditions

In a dry place at a temperature not higher than 25 ° C for tablets, liquid, suppository and not higher than 20 ° C to gel.

Shelf life

24 months

Cautions

Hygienic procedures do not affect the efficacy and tolerability of vaginal tablets and suppositories, as the drug in these dosage forms are administered intravaginally.

When applying the solution in patients with head injuries and spinal cord As well as in patients with perforation of the eardrum Should avoid it falling into the wound.

If the solution is accidentally falls on mucous membranes of the eyes , They are recommended to quickly and rinse well with water.

Contact with bleaching agents containing sodium hypochlorite its composition, at clothes previously been in contact with drug   chlorhexidine It provokes the formation of brown spots on them.

Increasing the temperature of the solution is strengthening its bactericidal action . However, at temperatures exceeding 100 ° C, partial decomposition of the drug.

How to enter the candles?

To prevent leakage of the contents after the introduction of a suppository, a woman should lie on the bed, spreading the bent leg at the knee joints. The spark is introduced as deeply as possible into vagina the index finger (if possible at a depth of a finger).

If you enter a suppository is not deep enough, it may fall after a woman gets up, failing to dissolve.

The principle of operation is similar to the principle hexicon vaginal baths. A feature of these candles is that lead them several times a day, thereby greatly increasing the number of discharges. Given this, the period of treatment should be as often as possible to change daily linings.

Another feature of suppositories is that prior to their introduction is not necessary to assign the additional sanitation vagina   or douche, which makes them more convenient to use them as compared to other vaginal suppositories.

An important recommendation of the period of treatment is to eliminate sex. If the therapy on the background of a regular sexual life, the positive result is achieved. There remains the risk of re-infection, and as a result - you may need to prescribing not only local, but also systemic effects.

Application hexicon during menstruation

Quite often there are questions whether you can use candles during menstruation and whether menstruation treated with vaginal tablets.

The instructions to hexicon indicated that the use of suppositories and tablets during menstruation is permissible. This is due to the fact that the active ingredient of the drug is maintained (although to a slightly lesser extent) the pharmacological properties in the presence of pus, bleeding, and other biological fluids.

Analogs hexicon

Match code ATC 4th level:

• Tsiteal
• Depantol
• Bepanten Plus
• Chlorhexidine digluconate

Analogs of the composition for hexicon in the form of a solution and a gel - a drug Amident   (Solution for topical application), and Chlorhexidine   in the form of an alcohol solution, a solution, a concentrate for preparation of a solution spray.

On the mechanism of action of the closest Bepanten   (cream) Depantol   (cream) Lavasept   (concentration for solution) Tsiteal   (solution).

Candles and tablets Hexicon have a similar structure with, respectively, candles and tablets Chlorhexidine . Similar preparations of the mechanism of action for suppositories - is Betadine   (Suppositories) Gipozol (aerosol) Yodovidon   (candles) Yodoksid   (candles) Makmiror   (cream, capsules, tablets, suppositories) trihomonatsidom vaginal suppositories, vaginal suppositories evkaliminom, Trihomonatsid (pills), Furazolidone   (powder, tablets, granules for suspension) Vagiflor   (capsules) Povidone iodine (Suppositories) Dafnedzhin   (cream) Laktozhinal   (capsules).

Hexicon during pregnancy

All formulations sold under the brand Hexicon except vaginal tablets are allowed to appoint at pregnancy   and between breast-feeding . The instructions on the candle at Hexicon pregnancy   and Lactation   It states that this agent is considered to be not only effective, but also safe for both mother and child.

As for the vaginal tablets, their application is possible if the benefit to the mother outweighs the risk to the fetus.

Candles at Hexicon pregnancy   It is one of the most commonly prescribed drugs for the treatment and prevention gynecological diseases . Security is provided by the preparation of its local impact and confirmed by long experience of application.

By acting locally, its active substance hardly enters systemic circulation   and thus do not pose a threat to the normal development of the child. Therefore, the spark may be used at all stages of pregnancy.

Hexicon effective at pathogens Which are the cause of women's diseases, but it does not cause any violations of its own vaginal flora .

In the 1st and in the 2nd trimester of this allows you to assign a preventive measure Infectious Diseases Transmitted PP ( Syphilis . ureaplasmosis . trichomoniasis . gonorrhea . Chlamydia . Genital herpes ), And for treatment of vaginitis . colpitis . bacterial vaginosis . endo- and ekzotservitsitov .

The trimester 3 (and in particular, prior to delivery) Hexicon indicated for the prevention of infectious and inflammatory processes   during and immediately after childbirth.

Use candles and cervical erosion . They should be administered in cases where the cause of ulceration is an active pathogens transmitted PP, inflammatory or "female" disease.

During   pregnancy   Hexicon often prescribed for bacterial vaginosis When in vagina   prevail pathogenic bacteria And the amount of lactic acid bacteria   (lactobacilli) - reduced or non-existent these bacteria.

Reduction of lactic acid bacteria   a pregnant woman in the background bacterial vaginosis   can cause the development of vulvovaginal candidiasis   (or, in other words, thrush ).

Experience shows that every year, a combination candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis   It becomes more and more. For this reason, it is widely believed the effectiveness of candles at Hexicon thrush .

Candles Hexicon from yeast

Provokes vulvovaginal candidiasis yeast-fungus genus Candida Who, like many viruses . bacterial spores   and acid-resistant strains of bacteria Are immune to the effects of chlorhexidine .

So why do these candles at the appointed pregnancy thrush ? The fact is that the cause thrush   It is the uncontrolled growth of Candida fungus colonies Which can be triggered including the activity of infectious agents - gonokokkov . Trichomonas   and other bacteria and protozoa .

In such cases, when the infection   It is mixed, fungal-bacterial in nature , The feasibility of hexicon due to its ability to effectively remove the signs of inflammation, reduce  

  .   or ).

pregnancy   thrush  

   

allergy .

pregnancy  

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Dysphagia (swallowing disorders)

August 19, 2013

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• Treatment at home heartburn

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Dysphagia   - A condition in which a person feels when passing food through the esophagus gets stuck. It is sometimes marked tenderness. When dysphagia should be treated first and foremost to the otolaryngologist may also need to consult other specialists - a gastroenterologist, neurologist, psychotherapist.

What are the symptoms of dysphagia?

Dysphagia   there may be a person in the case of illness, he developed esophageal, pharynx, and organs located close. Violation of the swallow sometimes entail problems in the nervous system, as well as psychological reasons. If the violation of the act of swallowing and passage of food through the esophagus is aggravated, the patient may gradually develop nutritional deficiencies in the body, and in severe cases - and exhaustion. In such cases, the power in violation of swallowing must be adjusted.

The process of swallowing involves alternate contraction and relaxation of muscles, which eventually leads to the fact that the food through the throat, and then through the esophagus into the stomach. When dysphagia, these processes are being violated.

Pain when swallowing food, and is often accompanied by other features. Due to the fact that pain is manifested in the throat when swallowing, coughing person can, so that the food is in the nasopharynx. Sometimes the food can go back and poured through the nose. Severe pain when swallowing often accompanies heartburn , The sense voltage constant salivation. At a time when the food passes through the esophagus, a person may feel that there is pain when swallowing his Adam's apple. Sometimes this involves a feeling of suffocation, and in some species of dysphagia swallowing felt chest pain. In the area of ​​the sternum discomfort appears: This person seems like a lump of food stopped in the esophagus and could not advance further. Later, the pain is felt in the esophagus when swallowing food. If the pain in the throat when swallowing is felt for more than one week should see a doctor to watch the beginning of a serious illness.

It should be noted that the neck pain on swallowing, and can be observed in viral infections - Flu or colds . In this case dysphagia accompanied by other symptoms. This is an acute sore throat, fever, muscle pain, weakness, and others.

What causes dysphagia?

Causes of failure involve swallowing in this process at various stages. Often the reason for this phenomenon may be a severe illness. So, if there is a violation of swallowing stroke , Swallowing disorder at osteochondrosis and others. In some diseases dysphagia should be treated without delay, since it can lead to serious complications. For example, violation of swallowing after a stroke can trigger the beginning aspiration pneumonia .

Experts distinguish dysphagia oropharyngeal and oesophageal . In turn, determined by the upper, lower and middle oropharyngeal dysphagia.

Upper dysphagia It manifested in diseases of the thyroid gland, lymph nodes. Also, the reason for this phenomenon may be diseases of the spine and muscles, disorders of the nervous regulation of injury. Impaired swallowing displayed and burns of the mouth and throat, both chemical and thermal. Dysphagia also occurs in the presence of defects in the anatomy of the mouth, for example, in people with cleft palate.

Average dysphagia   developing with diseases of the posterior mediastinum. This cardiovascular diseases, diseases of the lymphatic vessels, connective tissue, nerves.

Lower dysphagia - A consequence of tumors and cysts of the diaphragm. Also, a phenomenon sometimes occurs with an increase in the spleen and liver.

The second type of dysphagia - Esophageal Dysphagia - also divided into three types. It is a high, middle and lower dysphagia.

Occurrence high esophageal dysphagia often associated with spasms of the esophagus mouth, protrusion of the esophageal wall. Also, this type of dysphagia develops in chronic and acute inflammation of the larynx and pharynx, in contact with foreign bodies.

Average esophageal dysphagia   - A consequence of neuromuscular disorders, tumors, ulcers and others.

Occurrence lower esophageal dysphagia   associated with dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter. Also, this type of dysphagia is manifested in the development of hiatal hernia, in tumors, diverticula.

Thus, dysphagia esophagus often develops as a result of various diseases. Dysphagia syndrome arises from the failure of the function of muscles and nerves. That is why developing dysphagia in stroke and dysphagia The above classification shows what kind of disease often provoke symptoms of dysphagia.

In addition to the disease develops in the functional dysphagia multiple sclerosis . Scleroderma . achalasia . Parkinson's disease . Dysphagia nervosa usually is not permanent. Its appearance provokes a certain kind of food (hot, spicy, cold food). It is common for people who are prone to constant stress and unhealthy diet (mostly cold food). However, sometimes nervous dysphagia, which lasts a very long time, leads to severe depletion of the body.

The paradoxical dysphagia   - A swallowing disorder, which is characterized by an easier passage through the esophagus solid foods compared with the liquid. Also, the person easier to swallow large chunks than chewed food.

Pain when swallowing sometimes occurs in people who smoke a lot, due to exposure to chemical irritants, because of allergy, due to chronic sinus infections.

How to get rid of dysphagia?

To correct this condition, the doctor initially conducting a comprehensive study. Practiced as a detailed survey and instrumental investigations. Can carried out X-ray of the esophagus, neck and chest, laringospkopicheskoe research. If there is suspicion of tumor development, biopsy. If you want to practice and other studies.

Treatment of esophageal dysphagia depends primarily on the cause of its development. That is, the complex treatment of the disease, the symptoms of which she is. If the violation occurred as a result of swallowing swallowed or foreign body in the throat, the treatment of dysphagia is to his removal. In the presence of the tumor was compulsory consultation of the oncologist. Given the fact that the tumor, a symptom of which is the dysphagia may be signs of cancer, the treatment of dysphagia folk remedies without a visit to the doctor is best not to practice. Sometimes the tumor is surgically removed. If you want to practice radiation therapy or other methods aimed at suspending the progression of cancer.

If the cause of the disease - is disorders of the nervous system , Consult a psychotherapist. It is important to strictly adhere to the assigned diet: eat only in clearly defined time in the pose, which will tell the doctor, to take food in the form of puree.

When muscle dysfunctions practiced special exercises aimed at increasing their activities. However, sometimes it is necessary to carry out the expansion of the esophagus.

If dysphagia - a consequence of gastroesophageal reflux or esophagitis, patients received those drugs that reduce gastric acidity. Sometimes swallowing disorders disappear after a person takes antacids. In the most severe cases, the patient is assigned to a meal by gavage or nutrients are administered intravenously.

People who at the time already noted symptoms of dysphagia, it is advisable to follow some rules to avoid its re-development. Eating should be calm, slow. Do not talk at the same time as air enters into the esophagus, which makes the promotion of foods. Eating cold food should be excluded completely. It is important to monitor the temperature and food and drink - optimal use warm, not hot food and drinks. After the food is not immediately necessary to go as horizontally food can fall back into the esophagus, which contribute to the exacerbation of diseases causing dysphagia. For about two hours after a meal you should not lean forward. One should not be too tight belts and corsets. Another important point - the timely treatment of all diseases that cause dysphagia.

Oftan Katahrom

Description overdue on 12/11/2014

• Latin name: Oftan Catachrom
• ATC code: S01XA
• Active substance: Nicotinamide Adenosine + + Cytochrome C (Nicotinamide + Adenosine + Cytochrom C)
• Manufacturer: Santen AO, Russia

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• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Eye drops Oftan Katahrom, instructions (method and dosage)
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Cautions
• Analogs
• During pregnancy (and lactation)
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

Eyedrops Oftan Katahrom contain (per 1 ml): 20 mg nicotinamide 0, 675 mg Cytochrome C 2 mg adenosine   + Additional ingredients ( sodium succinate hexahydrate, disodium 2-phosphate aqueous solution, water, benzalkonium chloride, sorbitol, sodium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous two- ).

Product form

The drug release in bottles made of plastic, with a dropper, a volume of 10 ml. The drug - a clear red solution. The cardboard package is a bottle.

Pharmacological action

The anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, nourishing .

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

The therapeutic effect of receiving the plurality of droplets is caused, their constituent substances.

Cytochrome C   neutralizes free radicals   on the cornea. The substance is also directly affects the crystal eyes, reducing the risk of Cataract   (inhibiting the synthesis of the enzyme cytochrome oxidase ). This component is split in the epithelium to the crystallite heme-peptide .

Adenosine   dilates blood vessels and helps to restore normal microcirculation in the eye. Also normal outflow toxins   and blood oxygen saturation. Substance suspends inflammatory process   at   conjunctiva . cornea   and anterior eye , By stimulating A2 receptor   on the surface of cell membranes. Note that adenosine   It is one of the fundamental elements in the process of renovation DNA   and energy metabolism. As a structural component of the enzyme glutathione reductase   and NADP , The substance acts as an intermediary in the process of recovery glutathione Occurring in the crystallite eyes.

Nicotinamide   a part of the NADP   and ABOVE   - Major metabolites crystal of the eye. It is supposed to reduce the rate of development Cataract   by increasing the amount of metabolites.

Due to the fact that the drug has low toxicity can be used as prophylaxis for suspending Cataract . The duration of treatment should be at least six months.

The drug affects not only the crystal. We prove that the vehicle has anti-inflammatory . antioxidant . Disinfectant and Antibacterial   effect on the surface of the eye, can stop the development of various infectious diseases in the anterior eye. Also, the drug is well moisturizes and relieves fatigue.

Cytochrome C systemic absorption is not exposed. Once in the body full metabolized   before bilirubin Which in turn is derived from bile.

Adenosine   It has the ability to penetrate deep into the cornea of ​​the eye, and distributed to all tissues. The tissues of the body very quickly (in minutes) the substance is transformed into   inosine, urate   and xanthine That are excreted through the kidneys.

Nicotinamide   rapidly absorbed, some of it is metabolized to nicotinic acid And then to N-methylnicotinamide . Both compounds are excreted by the kidneys.

Indications

Drops is indicated for the prevention and treatment Cataract   of different origin.

Contraindications

Receiving money is contraindicated in allergies   on any of the components of the drug for children and adolescents (those under 18).

Side effects

Immediately after instillation may furnace or felt tingling in his eyes.

FEATURES:

• allergic reactions   ( conjunctivitis , Itching, contact dermatitis );
• rashes and itching on the skin, hyperemia , Swelling of the face and skin.

Very rarely can be observed:

• nausea, unconsciousness, shortness of breath;
• pressure reduction, flushing, feeling of fever, weakness.

Eye drops Oftan Katahrom, instructions (method and dosage)

The drug is used only locally.

Before use, cover the vial should be rotated while pressing down, open the bottle.

It is necessary to carefully push the lower eyelid, look up and drip the medicine under the lower eyelid.

According to the instructions, appoint 1-2 drops, 3 times a day.

Course duration is usually determined by the attending physician. The course of treatment should be at least 6 months.

Overdose

No cases of overdose have been reported.

Due to a minor system Absorption   and the rapid removal of the means at its ophthalmic use, overdose is unlikely.

If the drug was accidentally ingested, it should be symptomatic therapy.

Cooperation

Drug interactions of the drug with other agents does not occur or was not observed.

Observe the 15-minute break between the use of a variety of ophthalmic equipment.

Terms of sale

Prescription.

Storage conditions

Keep the vial should be at a temperature of 8 to 15 degrees.

Shelf life

3 years. After first opening the vial, the shelf life is reduced to 30 days.

Cautions

Before using the drops, remove contact lenses and wear them for 15 minutes in order to avoid penetration of benzalkonium chloride in the lens.

The drug is not intended for oral administration, or as injections.

The drug should not be used by patients glaucoma .

To avoid contamination of the tip of the bottle they can not touch the skin or mucous membrane of the eye.

After receiving means possible short-term blurred vision.

Analogs

Match code ATC 4th level:

• Taufon
• Oftagel
• Retinalamin
• Korneregel
• Vizomitin
• Kvinaks
• Vidisik
• Thiotriazoline

The most common counterparts: Artelak, Vidisik Artificial tears Kvinaks, Lipoflavon, Okoferon, Oftagel, Oftalmosol, Restasis, Solkoseril, Taufon, Thiotriazoline, Zhetrea, Potassium Iodide, Korneregel, Optive, Sikapos .

During pregnancy and lactation

There is insufficient clinical data on the use of means of pregnant or nursing women. In this regard, the application of drops is not recommended.

Reviews Oftan Katahrom

Reviews of eye drops Oftan Katahrom good. The drug stabilizes the lens of the eye does not develop   cataract ; It worked well as a prophylactic. Adverse reactions are extremely rare.

Price Oftan Katahrom

Price eyedrops Oftan Katahrom is about 190 rubles per bottle 10 ml.

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HIV / AIDS in 2011

May 15, 2011

Related Articles:

• WHO marks a breakthrough in the fight against HIV
• Charitable Fund against AIDS in India
• Molluscum contagiosum in children
• Condom

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About thirty years ago, it was first identified immunodeficiency virus, after which the scientists also diagnosed with one of the most feared diseases of our virus - AIDS. "The plague of the 20th century" - was the name given to the virus is spreading rapidly across the globe. Until now, there is no single drug, guaranteeing a full recovery. Despite development of new vaccines against AIDS Unfortunately, in the 21st century, mankind has been forced to admit: AIDS - is incurable .

AIDS worldwide

Then, in 1981, the number of infected counted in tens, in five years the number of patients has increased dramatically and reached the mark of 10 thousand people. According to the UN, every day 7,400 people infected with the virus. AIDS knows no borders, on the ground there is no country where there have been documented cases of contracting this dangerous disease. Today there are about 40 million infected. Died from the virus, more than 22 million inhabitants of our planet. And, as it is not sad, the other people infected with "the plague of the 20th century", waiting for the same fate. The average life expectancy of infected virus acquired immune deficiency is not more than 10 years.

According to the latest report of the Joint United Nations Programme on AIDS - «UNAIDS» 56 countries in the last decade succeeded in reducing the rate of new foci of infection of HIV and AIDS by 20%. First of all, the positive results achieved the countries of the African continent. Meanwhile, the greatest decrease in the number of cases seen in North America as well as Central and Western Europe - about 30%. Progress in Asia is much more modest, however, the situation is stabilized and new cases of the virus is becoming smaller. According to international experts, on the background of a general reduction of the positive trends in the incidence of AIDS and the worst things in Eastern Europe and Central Asia.

According to UN , The number of infected in the last 10 years in Eastern Europe and Central Asia has increased in 4 times. At the same time, more than 90% of new foci of infection accounted for Russia and Ukraine. Marked 25% increase in the number of infected people in Georgia, Armenia, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan.

AIDS in Russia

According to UN experts, HIV and AIDS in Russia   acquired the scale of a national catastrophe. While maintaining the current rate of infection in the country by 2050, its population could shrink by 30%, and in the most unfavorable forecasts up to 50%. As a result, after only nine, i.e. in 2020, it expected GDP losses amount to 10, 5%.

To date, official statistics "Claims" that in Russia at the end of 2010 the number of infected is 589,581 people, among them 5227 - children under 15 years. But the real figures could be several times more, about 1, 5 million people, or 1% of the adult population of Russia. And 2% of infections occur in young people between the ages of 15 to 30 years.

Every year there is a positive dynamics of growth of the incidence of the virus. For example, in 2007 there were 44,761 new HIV infections in 2008, the figure was already 54 563, in 2009 - 58,527, and in 2010 - 58 633. Despite the fact that immunodeficiency virus struck all regions of Russia, there is a uneven the spread of disease.

Of all the Russian regions in the number of new cases AIDS infection   leading Kemerovo region, where 100 thousand people is 144, 9 new carriers of the virus. It is followed by Samara region with the index - 117, 6. In the Irkutsk region, the figure is 110, 8, slightly inferior to the Sverdlovsk region - 109, 6, in the Leningrad region - 107, in Novosibirsk - 106, 3, in the Orenburg region - 96, 1 new HIV carriers.

These regions are also in the lead and the overall incidence of a deadly infection. So, in the Samara region for every 100,000 people there are 1226 registered 7 HIV-infected patients. In the Irkutsk region, the figure is 1196, 8, Leningrad - 1084, 9 in Sverdlovsk - 979, 9 people.

Many would agree that the statistical data is easily traced a direct relationship with a high level Addiction in these regions. Experts in one voice say, and statistical evidence shows that the main source of infection and the spread of HIV in Russia, as before, is the use of citizens who inject drugs.

Around the middle of the 90s in Russia there is a sharp jump in the number of heroin addicts. In view of the extremely high probability of infection when sharing a syringe, the rapid spread of AIDS started with this group. As a result, to date, 60% of Russian-dependent injecting drug users are the holders of the status "HIV-positive" .

At the same time, clearly outlined new trends . Firstly, the number of infected women is increasing from year to year, up to 40% of new infections accounted for the fair sex. Secondly, more and more exposed to infection of people aged 30 to 40 years. Third, an increase in the growth in the number of cases of infection through heterosexual contact is (40% of the number of new virus carriers), not homosexual, as is commonly believed, the number of which in 2010 was only 1, 3% of the total number of infections.

All these facts indicate that the "Risk"   It should include all the country's population. Exposed to infection mostly citizens of working age, regardless of sexual orientation.

  Statistic AIDS victims   It suggests that infection by no one is immune. Buy HIV status can be anyone, regardless of religion, nationality, social status, etc. This idea is the basis of International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of AIDS . Every third Sunday of May, millions of inhabitants of our planet as a sign of sympathy and mourning for those whose lives took this terrible disease, and organize various activities in order to once again remind everyone of the danger posed by this deadly virus.

Tsiklomed

Description overdue on 10/30/2014

• Latin name: Cyclomed
• ATC code: S01FA04
• Manufacturer: Promed Exports (India)

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• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Instructions on Tsiklomed (method and dosage)
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Cautions
• Analogs
• During pregnancy (and lactation)
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

1 ml of eyedrops Tsiklomed 1% contains 10 mg cyclopentolate hydrochloride .
Additional material: edetate disodium, benzalkonium chloride, sodium Water.

Product form

Drops in the eye Tsiklomed 1% is a colorless, clear solution.

5 ml of this solution in a bottle-dropper or plastic bottle of darkened, one vial in a carton box.

Pharmacological action

Midriatichesky   and holinolitichesky   - The main effects of the drug.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

To the question "What is Tsiklomed? "Wikipedia says that means blocking M-cholinergic receptors That is, a M-anticholinergics .

The result is an increase in the pupil because of the contraction of the muscle that dilates the pupil and relax the muscle antagonist. At the same time there is paresis of accommodation due to the relaxation of the ciliary muscle.

The increase in the pupil comes after 15-25 minutes and lasts 7-11 hours after iplikatsii, and possibly longer. Residual effects may persist for up to a day.

The drug has little skin effect, increases intraocular pressure reduces vagal tone, which leads to an increase in heart rate under low pressure is increased, it is also likely worsening the gastrointestinal secretion, saliva, bronchial and pancreatic glands. Penetrates the blood-brain barrier, in standard doses stimulating effect on the brain, stimulates the respiratory center. Therefore, the drug is used as a drug, burying Tsiklomed eye drops in the nose.

Indications

• With ophthalmoscopy   and study of refraction.
• The preoperative preparation to increase the pupil while removing Cataract .
• In the treatment of diseases of the anterior eye inflammatory ( iridocyclitis . episcleritis, keratitis, sclerites, uveitis ).

Contraindications

• Paresis   muscles contract the pupil caused by trauma.
• Glaucoma .
• Hypersensitivity   to the drug.

With extreme caution when drug use prostatic hyperplasia . bowel obstruction , Aged 3 years and older patients.

Side effects

• On the part of the eye conjunctival hyperemia, a transient decrease in visual acuity, discomfort after use, increased values ​​of intraocular pressure in patients with primary glaucoma .
• Common reactions include nausea, dizziness, weakness, tachycardia .

Instructions on Tsiklomed (method and dosage)

Instructions for use Tsiklomeda prescribe eye drops to use locally, digging behind the eyelid 1-2 drops. For the diagnosis of lesions of the fundus - 1-3 drops 1 drop with an exposure of 10 minutes. An examination of refraction in children - 2 drops from 15-17 minutes exposure to three times per day. In diseases of the eye of an inflammatory nature - one drop three times a day.

Overdose

Symptoms: dryness of mucous and skin, tachycardia , Mental reaction (fatigue, incoherent speech, disorientation, changes in emotional status); in the use of high doses - respiratory arrest and coma .
Treatment: intravenous physostigmine   (adults - 2 mg, for children - 500 mcg).

Cooperation

Action Tsiklomeda weaken M-cholinomimetics Reinforce - sympathomimetic .

Terms of sale

The drug is available by prescription.

Storage conditions

Keep away from children. Store at temperatures below 25 ° C.

Shelf life

Two years.

Cautions

During the drug should refrain from driving and hazardous activities.

Analogs Tsiklomeda

Match code ATC 4th level:

• Midriatsil
• Tropikamid

Known analogs of eye drops Tsiklomed: Midriatsil . Tropikamid . Unitropik .

During pregnancy (and lactation)

Use of funds from this category of persons is only possible by appointment physician.

Reviews Tsiklomede

Reviews of eye drops Tsiklomed most often associated with premedication before diagnostic studies. Data on adverse events are rare, severe reactions - rarely.

A common question is: "What would happen if Tsiklomed drip into the nose? "When backfilling Tsiklomeda nose consequences can be unpredictable - from emotional lability and hallucinations before applying heavy damage psyche. From such actions should be avoided.

Price Tsiklomeda where to buy

Price eyedrops Tsiklomed in Russia varies from 348 to 402 rubles, Ukraine vial of the drug can be bought on average for 63 hryvnia.

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Distreptaza

Description overdue on 11/27/2014

• Latin name: Distreptaza
• ATC code: B01AD
• Active substance: Streptokinase, streptodornase
• Manufacturer: Biomed, Lublin, Poland

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• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Candles Distreptaza, instructions for use (method and dosage)
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Analogs
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

In one suppository contains streptokinase   in an amount of 15,000 IU streptodornase   - 1250 IU furthermore auxiliaries are present in the form of paraffin oil and Witepsol W15.

Product form

Rectal suppositories are creamy-white weight 2 grams +/- 0, 1 year

Pharmacological action

The antithrombotic effect.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Candles Distreptaza are composed of two components acting components:

• Streptokinase   - Fibrinolytic enzyme that promotes the transfer of an inactive form of the proenzyme plasminogen to its active form - plasmin Aimed at dissolving fibrin clots fibers.
• Streptodornase   - Biocatalyst dissolution of pus and other dead cells without adversely affecting the integrity and functioning of healthy cells.

Thus, the drug provides access antibacterial agents directly in the inflammation.

The pharmacokinetics has not been studied.

Indications

Used for acute or chronic adnexitis . salpingitis . endometritis . postoperative infiltration , Acute or chronic inflammation of hemorrhoidal veins . paraproctitis   and fistula . tailbone cyst To prevent the formation of adhesions after abdominal operations, as well as in the pelvic area.

Contraindications

Do not use on fresh wounds and postoperative seams.

Not recommended for children, pregnant or nursing.

Side effects

Allergies . hyperthermia , The risk of bleeding.

Candles Distreptaza, instructions for use (method and dosage)

Instructions on Distreptaza suggests rectal suppositories Distreptaza a maximum depth introduction.

The dose depends on the severity of inflammation. There are:

• Severe   appointment 1 suppository three times a day for 3 days, then - 1 suppository twice daily 3 days, and further - 1 suppository once per day for 3 days.
• Medium and light severity Under which comply with the following scheme: 1 suppository twice daily for 3 days, then - 1 suppository once a day for 4 days, or twice a day for 2 days.

Overdose

No information on the recorded cases of overdose.

Cooperation

The drug increases the penetration antibiotics   and other chemicals in the inflammation.

Terms of sale

The drug is released under the prescription appointment dose depending on the severity of inflammation.

Storage conditions

In the refrigerator at a temperature of 2-8 degrees Celsius. Freezing is prohibited.

Shelf life

Three years.

Analogs

Match code ATC 4th level:

• Trombovazim
• Streptokinase

• Actilyse
• Biostrepta
• Metalize

Reviews Distreptaza

Reviews candlelight Distreptaza forums positive: fast acting and have few side effects.

Price Distreptaza where to buy

The price ranges from 1400 to 1600 rubles for 6 suppositories in a blister. Price spark Distreptaza shown is a metering + 15,000 IU 1250 IU, one course of treatment typically lasts on average 7 - 10 days and requires 8 to 18 candles.

Buy candles in Moscow can be in almost any pharmacy to find out availability and price, use search engines.

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Mechanical cleansing facial

May 22, 2011

Related Articles:

• Reviews Pantoderme
• Drapolen: price and instruction
• Price Vitasharm in Ukraine
• Carbuncle

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Cosmetic treatment   clean skin - one of the most painful procedures in cosmetology. Despite this fact, cleaning your face is perhaps the most popular procedure in any beauty salon.

Mechanical cleaning   face means removing impurities from the surface of the skin by a mechanical effect on its contaminated sites. It is worth noting that the trust necessary to conduct the procedure only for professional cosmetologists.

The procedure is intended for fat or combined   skin type and made beautician manually with special tools. Before cleaning is carried out cleansing and steaming it, during which the pores of the skin dilate, thereby facilitating the process of removing dead skin particles from the clogged pores.

Tools for the procedure must be sterile, as while cleaning the deformation of the skin and the improper handling of tools possible risk of contracting dangerous infections such as the HIV / AIDS , Hepatitis and others. By the way, recently passed International Day against hepatitis Dedicated to the disease and methods of its distribution as well. And the way of infection through blood is not the last place.

As already noted, cleansing pretty painful procedure . Some cosmetologists are advised in advance to take painkillers to help cope with the pain during the process of cleansing the skin.

After the procedure applied to the skin soothing mask, which must have anti-inflammatory effects and narrows pores. Do not be scared when you look at the skin immediately after cleansing. When mechanical stress, the deformation of the skin, there are bumps and redness, but this short-term effect. About the second day after cleaning the skin is leveled, redness disappear. Since then, the procedure should be prescribed with a margin of at least two days to restore the appearance of the skin.

The day after the cleansing is not recommended to wash your face, apply makeup, use any cosmetic products, as well as exercise, paired with increased sweating. All of these may lead to re- clogging There are enlarged pores of the skin.

The procedure, like any other, has a number of contraindications : Inflammation of the skin, bronchial asthma , Hypertensive, and skin diseases, as well as critical days.

Headache: 6 species and the causes and reasons

Making love the smell of perfume, long sitting in front of monitor ... The reasons for your headache may be set, as well as ways of dealing with it.

Pressing pain on both sides   - Headache every day as if it were squeezed from two sides vise. Perhaps this is due to the refusal of taking pain that causes the break-up syndrome. Unless headache   especially strongly bothers you, talk to your doctor. He will pick up medication for depression and epilepsy, that increase the pain threshold. But the main thing is to wait. Gradually, the pain intensity will decrease.

Pain from the back of the head   - The feeling that the head under pressure from the top of the head or neck. Most likely, the reason headache   Stress is the pressure of nerves. For example, a teeth gnashing at night, which leads to the voltage of the jaw muscles. Such pain may develop from poor posture during long sitting at the computer screen, which causes the voltage of the cervical and shoulder muscles. In both cases, the pain extends to the nerves of the head. Short bring pain relief, but the situation will change radically only removing the root causes. From gnashing of teeth makes a special mask, and on the posture you need to work on their own. Not bad helps Yoga.

A dull ache in the front of the head - Feeling of pressure, red eyes and fever. This is probably inflamed sinus under the eyes, nose and cheeks. The cause of inflammation or bacterial infections are viruses that often occurs during cold. Many of these are themselves the pain in a few days. Painkillers like ibuprofen, to help ride out.

Pain after orgasm   - Occurs within a few seconds after the climax. Science does not yet know the cause of this pain. It is recommended to treat mild daily doses of aspirin, but only after consulting your doctor.

Pain from perfume   - Occurs after inhaling the smell of perfume or air fresheners. In many of these products contain chemicals that can cause headaches in sensitive people, and even in time lead to migraines. It is necessary to exclude the use of such products.

Pain behind the eyes   - A constant dull pain in the area of ​​the eye sockets. Most likely, the cause is a strain eyes, causing asthenopia - eye discomfort or fatigue sets in more quickly during the visual work. Every 20 minutes when working with monitors do small breaks.

Treatment and prevention

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