Anaphylaxis

October 22, 2011

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Anaphylaxis   - It is usually sharp-systemic allergic reaction that is characterized by rapid development with signs suffocation   and a sharp decompression . Severe cardiovascular and respiratory failure is a life-threatening patient.

The cause of anaphylactic shock caused by repeated contact with the allergen. The development of the reaction depends on the sensitivity of the organism. Thus, in some cases the reaction occurs within two minutes after contact, but it is possible to develop and within a few hours. Very often, anaphylactic shock appears allergies to insect stings, when receiving the protein food or administered drugs that previously observed the allergic reaction.

Differences of anaphylactic shock from such allergies, its consistency, that is, the involvement of several bodies, and the severity of the disease. Without timely assistance to such a lethal reaction. Anaphylactic shock as a complication of drug allergy occurs on antibiotics, anesthetics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, vaccines, X-ray contrast agent. The disease can occur even if a sample of these drugs on the reaction.

Symptoms of anaphylactic shock

Typically, anaphylactic shock is characterized in that its symptoms are alternated. Usually, the first symptoms are visual itching   and hives Although in some cases there may be no urticaria. Next there is sore throat, hoarse "asthmatic" breath and coughing, as a consequence of the rapidly developing broncho - And laryngospasm Possibly the development and progression angioedema . Also, the sharp and sudden decreases blood pressure.

Very often there are such common symptoms of anaphylactic shock as a feeling of heat, noise in the ears, shortness of breath, pain in the head and retrosternal area. During the reaction, a person is excited, restless, but in rare cases it may be sluggish, and vice versa, depressed. It should be noted that regardless of how is the development of a pathological condition in a patient can be observed muscle cramps .

Emergency care in anaphylactic shock

The first thing to do in view of the possibility - to stop the flow of hot allergen   organism. For example, if an allergy develops because of an insect bite, in this case it would be appropriate tourniquet just above the site of the bite of 1-2 cm and application of ice to the point of entry of insect stings. This considerably stops flow of the allergen into the general blood flow and slows down the process of development of anaphylactic shock. Urgent calls brigade "first aid", and in the meantime be settled patient in the supine position, and is released from the pressing and compressing clothes (tie, collars), thereby providing access of oxygen. When possible vomiting patient's head must be turned on its side to avoid aspiration   due to the sticking of the tongue or vomit.

Treatment of anaphylactic shock

Treatment of anaphylaxis, just as other allergic conditions, is symptomatic . The patient parenterally That is, subcutaneously, and are best administered intravenously and from 0.2ml to 0.5 ml of 0.1% epinephrine hydrochloride (adrenaline solution). This is the first emergency care in anaphylactic shock, so people prone to allergies should keep this medicine with you. If necessary, repeat injections adrenaline But be sure to controlling heart rate and breathing.

Following the above-mentioned drug is administered glucocorticoids , eg prednisolone   at a dosage of 150 mg. It is also necessary action in such a process as the appropriate treatment of anaphylactic shock is the use of antihistamines, that is, those that reduce the allergic reaction. The list of these drugs include diphenhydramine . suprastin . tavegil   and other antihistamines of this series. When applied choking patient oxygenation total oxygen bag, followed by slow bolus dose of 2.4% aqueous solution eufillina , At a dosage of 10 to 20 ml for relieving symptoms of oxygen deficiency.

Prevention of anaphylactic shock

Since the occurrence of the reaction is almost impossible to prevent the prevention of anaphylactic shock, first of all, it is to limit contact with the patient obviously known allergens. Also, in conducting trials on medicinal products need to carefully monitor the patient in the case of the first symptoms of allergies - to immediately take appropriate measures in first aid and treatment.