Cytomegalovirus (another name - CMV infection ) - A disease of an infectious nature, which belongs to the family herpesvirus . The virus affects the person as in utero and in other ways. For example, cytomegalovirus can be transmitted sexually, airborne alimentary route.
According to the existing statistical studies reveal antibodies to cytomegalovirus in approximately 10-15% of adolescents. At the age of 35 years, the number of people increased to 40%.
Cytomegalovirus scientists discovered in 1956. The peculiarity of this virus is its affinity to the tissues of the salivary glands. Therefore, if the disease is localized form, it can only detect the virus in these glands. The virus is present in the human body for life. However, cytomegalovirus is not a high level of infectiousness. As a general rule, in order to catch a virus, needed prolonged and repeated contact, close contact with the carrier.
Today, there are three groups of people, control over the activity of cytomegalovirus which is a particularly important issue. It pregnant women, people who have seen recurrent herpes And patients with impaired immune response.
Reasons for cytomegalovirus
Humans can be infected with CMV in different ways . Thus, the infection can occur through contact, through the use of infected things in the process of organ transplantation and blood transfusion from a donor previously infected with cytomegalovirus . The disease is transmitted, in addition, through sexual contact, airborne during pregnancy and in utero during childbirth . The virus is in the blood, saliva, breast milk, semen, secretions of the female genital organs . But the virus, which enters the human body, can not be recognized immediately, because in this case the duration of the incubation period is about 60 days . These days, the virus can not be shown at all, but at the expiration of the incubation period, there is an abrupt onset . Hypothermia and subsequent decrease in immunity are factors causing cytomegalovirus . The symptoms of the disease manifest themselves as a result of stress .
Symptoms of cytomegalovirus
SARS often a condition which manifests cytomegalovirus. The symptoms are similar to symptoms of acute respiratory infection, manifested in the progression of the disease. At the same time the patient feels very weak, gets tired quickly, he observed headaches, runny nose, inflamed and, accordingly, increase the salivary glands, begins to separate the saliva. At the same time on the tongue and gums of the patient appears whitish coating.
In generalized form of cytomegalovirus occurs defeat a number of internal organs. For example, inflammatory processes can take place in the adrenals, spleen, liver tissue, kidney, pancreas and kidneys. The result is a frequent manifestation pneumonia That arise allegedly without cause, bronchitis Which are difficult to treat with antibiotics. Immune status tolerate changes in people with advanced CMV. The symptoms described above, supplemented by appropriate blood pattern: thus, decreases in peripheral blood platelet counts. Very often this disease affects also the intestinal wall, the eye vessels, peripheral nerves and the brain. There may be inflammation of the joints, skin rashes.
If the disease affects the organs of the urogenital system, the patient there are chronic nonspecific inflammation. In case of difficulties with establishing the viral nature of the disease it is very difficult to treat using antibiotics .
If the virus is introduced into the body, then it begins to immune reconstitution. And after the acute phase of illness is over, perhaps a manifestation of vegetative-vascular disorders and asthenia for a long time.
People with immune deficiency (people undergoing chemotherapy, HIV-infected, as well as in patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy for organ transplantation) the presence of CMV can cause very severe manifestation of the disease. Lesions that occur in these patients, can cause death.
Diagnosis of cytomegalovirus
In the diagnosis should take into account the fact that the presence of cytomegalovirus may be detected only in the case of special studies urine, saliva, blood, semen and smear from the genitals during primary infection or disease in the period of acute infection. If a virus is found in a different time, to diagnose it is not decisive.
After getting the infection in the body it begins to produce immunoglobulins - Antibodies to cytomegalovirus. They suspend the development of the disease, causing the symptoms. In the process of laboratory blood tests can detect such antibodies. However, SSO antibody titer does not allow to distinguish between current infections transferred from infection. After all, in the body of the virus carrier, and cytomegalovirus, and antibodies are present constantly. This antibody does not prevent infection, cytomegalovirus and fail to develop immunity. In the case of ineffective diagnosis of the patient should get tested again after a few weeks.
Treatment of cytomegalovirus
If a person is diagnosed with cytomegalovirus, treatment of the disease will be sent out to smother all forms of the disease and eliminate unpleasant symptoms. For now, doctors do not have the means to destroy bacteria cytomegalovirus in the human body completely.
If the symptoms do not occur in patients who have been diagnosed with cytomegalovirus, treatment of the disease is not required. It's indicative of normal immunity virus carrier.
Upon detection of the virus in the blood in this case assumes therapy support and strengthen the immune system. Consequently, it is necessary to carry out an immunomodulatory and restorative treatment. Appointed as vitamin complexes.
In the treatment of cytomegalovirus in children and adults, it is important to use a comprehensive approach to the appointment of therapy. As a rule, the treatment is assigned to receive funds from the antiviral and immune effects. With the right approach to the treatment of the body's defenses are activated, and the activation of the latent form of the disease in the future is under control.
It is important to go through all the necessary inspections and promptly identify the worsening of the disease while pregnancy . Accordingly, if a pregnant woman is diagnosed CMV treatment is chosen, taking into account all the individual characteristics of its body. If a case of severe, sometimes recommend recourse to abortion. This conclusion is based on the information obtained as a result of virological research, clinical indications, ultrasonography of the placenta and fetus.
Treatment is aimed at maintaining immunity, includes procedures for strengthening and hardening of the body. So often in this case, bath treatments are recommended, but those who have some training, you can periodically swim in the icy water.
There are many herbal teas that promote the improvement of the general condition of the body. Appropriate use of herbs with choleretic effect: rose, corn stigmas, everlasting, yarrow. You can rinse your mouth with a weak solution Iodine .
Cytomegalovirus in pregnant
However, the most serious complications of the disease occur in women who are expecting a baby. Cytomegalovirus and pregnancy - is a dangerous combination, because infection with this disease sometimes even leads to premature birth. It Cytomegalovirus is one of the reasons most often manifest miscarriage.
In addition, a child patient mother may be born with low birth weight and severe lesions of the lungs, liver and central nervous system. Cytomegalovirus and pregnancy - is the risk that the baby may not survive. Thus, according to various estimates, 12-30% of these infants die. Children who survive, about 90% of the observed number of late complications: they may lose the hearing, sometimes present speech disorders, optic nerve atrophy.
Consequently, a very important step is screening for CMV infection in the planning process of birth. If the correct approach to the use of both curative and preventive measures, the negative impact of cytomegalovirus on the course of pregnancy and the probability of abnormalities in the child can be prevented.
Cytomegalovirus in children
Upon infection with cytomegalovirus children incubation period can last from 15 days to 3 months or even more. There are congenital and acquired CMV infection. Very often, cytomegalovirus in children occurs without obvious symptoms. In congenital form of the disease infected the fetus during gestation, infected by the mother. From maternal blood enters the placenta virus, whereupon it is blood and fetal tissue penetrates more salivary glands. If the fetus has been infected early in pregnancy, it may die. Otherwise, the child is born with a number of serious defects. Thus, cytomegalovirus children can cause microcephaly . Hydrocephalus And other pathologies of the brain and the subsequent development mental retardation . Perhaps the birth of children with disorders of the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, respiratory tract. Also, cytomegalovirus in children causes convulsions . paresis . paralysis .
If the child was infected in late pregnancy, the newborn is not observed pronounced defects, but the disease is expressed expressed jaundice , A child increased spleen and liver, it may result in lungs and intestines.
If there is an acute during cytomegalovirus infection, the newborn there are a number of symptoms: slackness , Poor appetite, can increase the temperature of a child is bad gaining weight is unstable chair. There are hemorrhagic rash on the skin. After some time due to poor recruitment develops anemia . malnutrition . In general, there is a very severe course of cytomegalovirus infection, and as a result often ends with the death of a child in the first month of life.
If the illness is chronic or asymptomatic, the child's condition is satisfactory.
When acquired form of the disease the child becomes infected during childbirth, or gets an infection in the first days of life in contact with a carrier of infection.
There are two types of the course of cytomegalovirus in children, in this case, either in isolation affects the salivary glands, or there is a loss of some or organ. As a child's symptoms manifest fever, and swollen lymph nodes in the neck, and elsewhere. Swollen mucous pharynx, increased tonsils, spleen and liver. The child refuses to eat, broken chair - manifest constipation or diarrhea. Manifest lung disease, gastrointestinal tract, jaundice of the sclera, trembling limbs. Chance and sepsis But the effect of treatment with antibacterial drugs is not shown. During a long disease, the diagnosis is usually difficult to establish, because cytomegalovirus in blood and saliva are sometimes not detected.
Also, if a child has contracted CMV can manifest cytomegalovirus hepatitis . These children are born with severe hemorrhagic syndrome and a number of malformations described above. Very often, the disease ends lethally.
Prevention of cytomegalovirus
Prevention of CMV is mainly in compliance with the rules both personal and sexual hygiene. It is important to comply with due care, contact with infected people. The most carefully caution should be exercised during pregnancy: in this case should not be allowed casual sex. Another important point in the issue of the prevention of cytomegalovirus - supporting immunity. It should be physically active life, eat right, walk in the fresh clean air, take vitamins and avoid stressful situations. Children should be taught the correct way of life and health from the first years of life.
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