Tobradeks

Description overdue on 07/18/2014

• Latin name: Tobradex
• ATC code: S01CA01
• Active substance: Dexamethasone (Dexamethasone) and Tobramycin (Tobramycin)
• Manufacturer: Alcon-Couvreur N.V. S.A. (Belgium)

Photos of the drug

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• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Tobradeks, instructions for use (method and dosage)
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Cautions
• Analogs
• Synonyms
• Babies
• During pregnancy (and lactation)
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

Active ingredients eyedrops   are (dosage per 1 ml of the drug):

• tobramycin - 3 mg;
• dexamethasone   - 1 mg.

As an aid to help the active ingredients to exert its pharmaceutical effect fully used:

• benzalkonium chloride;
• edetate disodium;
• sodium chloride;
• anhydrous sodium sulfate;
• tyloxapol ;
• hydroxyethyl cellulose;
• sulfuric acid and / or sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH;
• Purified water to 5 mL.

In its turn eye ointment Tobradeks   It consists of (the number of active components is based on 1 g of the preparation):

• Tobramycin - 3 mg;
• dexamethasone   - 1 mg;
• Anhydrous chlorobutanol ;
• mineral oil;
• white petrolatum.

Product form

The pharmaceutical preparation in the pharmacy kiosks comes in two main forms:

• Drops for eyes Tobradex   in flakonah- calculated on 5 ml of the drug with a special dispenser " Drop Tainer "(" Drop container "). Liquid suspension look like white or nearly white. In cardboard box placed one bottle.
• Homogeneous eye ointment Tobradeks   white or nearly white in aluminum tubes, 3 and 5 g each. The cardboard box is embedded 1 tube.

Pharmacological action

Eye drops Tobradeks   - A combined pharmaceutical preparation having antibacterial and anti-inflammatory actions Which are provided through the basic ingredients of the drug. Such a complex of active substances can significantly reduce the risk of infection and eliminate the main etiological factor   pathologies of the visual apparatus   - Harmful microbes in the surface of the eye.

Tobramycin - A substance with the properties antibiotic Which belongs to the group aminoglycosides and produced a colony streptococci ( Streptococcus tenebrarius ). A wide spectrum of bactericidal action covers harmful microorganisms, such as:

• Staphylococci , Particularly Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus ( Staphylococcus aures   and Staphylococcus epidermidis ), Including strains that have developed resistance to penicillin   ( Beta-lactamase Generated such microflora not affect the strength of the therapeutic effects of the antibiotic);
• Hemolytic types Streptococcus type A   and microorganisms of the family, which have no aggression antigens to blood cells, e.g., typical pathogen lobar pneumonia   ( Streptococcus pneumonia );
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa   ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa );
• Escherichia coli   ( Escherichia coli );
• Klebsiella pneumoniae   (Klebsiella pneumonia);
• Enterobacter aerogenes (enterobacteria anaerobic);
• Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris ( Proteus mirabilis   and Proteus vulgaris );
• Morganella morganii (Morganella blinking);
• Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus aegypticus ( Haemophilus influenzae   bacteria and Koch-Weeks);
• Moraxella lacunata (stick-Moraksa Aksenfeld);
• Acinetobacter calcoaceticus;
• Neisseria pneumonia ( Neisser pneumonia ).

Dexamethasone , The other main component of ointments Tobradeks - glucocorticoid steroid origin, which has antiallergic . anti-inflammatory and desensitizing effect . Due to its chemical structure it has also antiexudativ effect by inhibiting inflammation in pathological content generation phase.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Systemic absorption is low in the local application of the drug.

Indications

• prevention of infections in the postoperative care (for example, after removal Cataract   or foreign body);
• bacterial infection   ophthalmic apparatus;
• blepharitis - Inflammation of the upper or lower eyelid;
• conjunctivitis   - Inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eye;
• keratitis   without damage to the epithelium - the pathology of the cornea of ​​the eyeball;
• Viral keratitis, caused by the pathogen such as Herpes zoster ;
• treatment and preventive therapy   when ocular trauma.

Contraindications

• Individual genetic or acquired intolerance . hypersensitivity or idiosyncrasy to the constituent components of the pharmaceutical formulation;
• viral diseases of the visual apparatus (in particular keratitis Caused by herpes virus   ( Herpes simplex ) Varicella   or smallpox );
• mycobacterial infection of the eye (the causative agent of the disease is known to all tubercle bacillus   or Micobacterium tuberculosa );
• Conservative treatment after surgical removal of a foreign body of the cornea;
• fungal infections   membranes of the eyeball;
• purulent pathology of the eye ;
• age category of patients up to 1 year.

Also, there are a number of pathological conditions, when to use the pharmaceutical care should be taken only under the supervision of qualified medical personnel, such as hospital treatment in the ophthalmology department. For this disease include:

• glaucoma ;
• inherited or acquired corneal thinning .

Side effects

Usually therapy drug passes without apparent complications, as the main active ingredients are well tolerated by the body, but in some cases, conservative treatment with Tobradex may experience the following side effects:

• allergic reactions   - itch . hyperemia or swelling of the eyelids and conjunctiva, facial swelling, rash, erythema ;
• increase Intraocular pressure ;
• foreign body sensation in the eye;
• decreased visual acuity;
• photophobia ;
• long mydriasis (prolonged mydriasis);
• subcapsular cataracts   localized in the rear portion;
• slowing of reparative and regenerative mechanisms in open wounds;
• dizziness   and headache ;
• bitter taste in the mouth;
• abundant rhinorrhea ;
• laryngism ;
• in patients with inherited or acquired scleral thinning may develop it perforation (risk increases significantly with prolonged course of treatment);
• consecutive infection   (the content of the medicament glucocorticosteroid dexamethasone in combination with an antibiotic component tobramycin It leads to a weakened immunity towards fungal microflora That is, the invasion may develop from this type of microorganisms - a typical symptom is the appearance of the cornea nonhealing ulcers).

Tobradeks, instructions for use (method and dosage)

Instructions on eyedrops Tobradeks   It indicates that the pharmaceutical preparation used for the conservative therapy of diseases of the visual apparatus is extremely easy. Should be applied 1-2 drops every 4-6 hours by placing the drug directly in conjunctival sac . In the first 24-48 hours of the dosage may be increased up to 1-2 drops to only a time interval of 2 hours when indicated.

A preparation in the form of an ointment   apply a little more complicated. First of all, because of the discomfort of a foreign object on the eyeball a pharmaceutical form is not so convenient to use. Like drops, ophthalmic ointment entered into conjunctival sac . Before using, wash your hands, so that the antibiotic is simply not spent on their purification from harmful microorganisms.

The head leans back, and then pulled the lower eyelid and contribute about 1, 5 cm of ointment. Next, you need some time to open and close your eyes, so the pharmaceutical uniformly distributed in the conjunctival sac. Be sure that the tip of the tube does not touch the skin, eyelashes or mucous membrane of the eye, as in the case of the arms, drugs will decrease the ability of the active ingredients, if you do not comply with this rule. After using the ointment tube tightly closed.

Duration conservative therapy   determined by the attending physician, usually applied coating scheme 3-4 per day. Between application of the ointment should be observed time period of not less than 6 hours. When you miss a dose of her make up as soon as possible, but not less than 1 hour to the next. Do not increase the number of self-employed Tobradeks ointment, as this may cause an overdose or occurrence of other adverse effects of treatment.

Overdose

In overdose Tobradeksom may experience the following symptoms:

• increased side effects;
• irritation and hyperemia   mucous membrane of the eye;
• intense itching;
• profuse lacrimation and rhinorrhea ;
• swelling of the eyelids;
• increase in arterial inflow conjunctiva.

Specific antagonist for the preparation of pharmaceutical Tobradeks currently does not exist, because an overdose of a drug used symptomatic treatment . So the purpose of this condition of eye relief washed copiously with warm water and prescribe medication manifested undesirable consequences conservative rehabilitation.

Cooperation

In the case of combination therapy in conjunction with other topical ophthalmic medicaments, the gap should be made between the use of drugs is not less than 5-15 minutes, depending on the individual physician appointments.

Before applying Tobradeksa, should be removed contact lenses So that they do not act as an additional barrier to the penetration of the active principles. Again wear lenses can not earlier than 15 minutes after application of the pharmaceutical formulation in the conjunctival sac (data period should be observed regardless of the form of the drug).

Drops Tobradex can be assigned to the background   systemic treatment with aminoglycosides But in this case it is strongly recommended to continuously monitor the overall picture of the blood, as a component of a pharmaceutical formulation is Tobramycin, which by its nature belongs to the group of aminoglycoside antibiotics.

During conservative therapy Tobradeksom avoid use of drugs that have side effects such as Valium . nephrotoxic and neurotoxic As possible potentiation, there has been increasing as a result of adverse effects of treatment.

Terms of sale

The drug is not released in the pharmacy is free, you can buy it only on presentation of the appropriate form of the receptor, a certified physician.

Storage conditions

The drug should be stored out of reach of young children a place necessarily in an upright position, and at temperature from 8 to 27 degrees Celsius.

Shelf life

2 years for sealed cardboard packaging. After opening the bottle or tube - 4 weeks.

Cautions

Before each use, medicament container with a suspension should be shaken so that the constituent components is not stagnated at the bottom by gravity. After - should be tightly closed bottle to Tobradeks not erode.

Do not touch the tip of the dispenser to the eye, first of all, because it can cause discomfort. Also, this is not recommended because of the reflex closing of eyelids, it reduces the effectiveness of the active ingredients of the drug, creating further barriers for the passage and increasing the duration of the therapeutic manipulation.

After the use of the drug may Tobradeks temporary blurred vision Because it should not drive or other potentially hazardous machinery until able to see fully recover. The exact period of renewal of visual abilities should check with your doctor or a qualified pharmacist.

Analogs

Tobradeks - combined preparation Which it is to some extent unique, since in the structure simultaneously accommodates components such as a strong antibiotic and aminoglycoside steroid glucocorticoid origin, which is not found in each drug. Ancillary components constituent Tobradeks allow use with a minimum of side effects from treatment of diseases of the visual apparatus and even in pediatric patients after one year. Because so few drops counterparts. In a similar pharmacological effect has the following series of products: Tobreks . DeksaTobropt . Betagenot . Garazon . Dexon .

Among these drugs should be highlighted Tobreks . It is most often used as a competing drug treatment in the conservative course of ophthalmologic problems because their structure has the same aminoglycoside antibiotic ( tobramycin ) And comes in pharmacy booths in the form of eye drops. So what better to use Tobreks or Tobradeks and whether you can replace them with their own therapeutic effects to each other?

The answer to this question lies in the constituent components of pharmaceuticals. Tobradeks besides Tobramycin It comprises a biologically active substance, such as dexamethasone - A glucocorticoid steroid having the broadest range of therapeutic effects. With this twist, Tobramycin acts as an antiallergic, desensitizing and anti-inflammatory agent. These properties allow to be guided safely in the treatment of eye diseases infectious etiology Tobradeksu.

Synonyms

Tobramycin + Dexamethasone.

Babies

The drug is used in pediatric hospitals to achieve a child of 1 year.

During pregnancy and lactation

The drug is not recommended for use during pregnancy   and between breast-feeding . In the treatment of women of childbearing age before the conservative treatment should initially exclude pregnancy.

Reviews drops Tobradeks

Tobradeks enjoys a positive reputation in the Pharmaceutical Forum. Its therapeutic action by a majority of the people who applied, is described as favorable. The drug allows you to recover the full amount of, get rid of delivering discomfort and restricting disabled disease in a relatively short period of drug therapy, which, undoubtedly, can not serve with a point in favor of the drug.

Also reviews Tobradeks note that the manifestations of conservative treatment of undesirable effects observed very rarely, as constituent components of the drug specifically chosen after lengthy clinical trials, so that even when exposed to such a sensitive area as the surface of the eye to cause the least side effects.

Separately should be said about Tobradekse for children, because in this age group are often found diseases of the visual apparatus infectious etiology . Children do not hesitate to wipe his eyes, in conditions which are teeming with harmful microorganisms and Tobradeks acts as a kind of magic elixir for moms. Even still not enough young body got stronger drug virtually no side effects, based on the Pharmaceutical Forum. This contributes to an anti-allergy effect of dexamethasone, which is one of the main active ingredients of the pharmaceutical preparation.

Price Tobradeksa where to buy

Cost drops Tobradeks   the pharmaceutical market of the Russian Federation is 140-150 rubles, ointment   It can be purchased for 250-260 rubles.

Cost eye drops Tobradeks   Ukraine is somewhat lower in the pharmacy, it varies from 40 to 70 hryvnia, the cost of ointment   is about 50 hryvnia.

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Rumalon

Description overdue on 13.10.2011

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The main active ingredient - GPC - glycosaminoglycan-peptide complex . It refers to a group of active biogenic stimulators of animal origin, and has a strong chondroprotective   (protective) effect, reduces the activity of most enzymes have a devastating effect on the cartilage surface of the joint. Rumalon brakes catabolic processes It stimulates the biosynthesis mucopolysaccharides   (sulfated), improves metabolism structure hyaline tissue . The product contains a concentrated purified extract of cartilage, bone marrow, calves or other young animals. PM promotes restoration of the structure of the joint cartilage thanks to increased production of glycosaminoglycans . Collagen That serve building material. Rumalon reduces the activity and expressed the action of enzymes that destroy cartilage, stimulates the production of "grease" the joint, improves nutrition of joint cartilage. Rumalon slows the progression osteoarthritis   (thinning of the cartilage plate, changing the surface of the articular cartilage).

Dosage Form:

The solution (administered intramuscularly deep). The vials 1ml. 2 ml ampules. The package of 25 pieces.

Indications:

Various degenerative diseases of the joints: spondylosis . arthrosis . coxarthrosis . gonartroz . chondromalacia   (immobilization process of cartilage) patella . meniskopatiya   (disease of the cartilage lining the knee joint, is characterized by pain, functional impairment) spondylarthrosis .

Contraindications:

Rheumatoid arthritis , Hypersensitivity, allergic to the components. The drug is not used in pediatric practice. Among the contraindications - pregnancy, lactation. It is not recommended for use for children up to 12l.

Side effect:

Allergies (rare). Dizziness, headache, weakness, rarely - dyspepsia.

Mode of application:

Rumalon injected deep into the muscle according to the scheme: 0, 3 ml of the first day 0, 5 ml on the second day, followed by 1 ml three times a week for 6 weeks. The course of treatment - 2 times a year. In severe cases, the course can be repeated 4 times a year for many years.

Special instructions:

In some cases, there is an exacerbation of the disease during the first days of treatment. The physician must notify patients that it is a temporary phenomenon, which does not require discontinuation of therapy, it runs independently.

Botox is not for everyone

November 5, 2012

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There is a category of people who in any case can not give injections Botox . Experts have identified this and other features of injection of Botox in a special experiment. This category includes people suffering from diseases liver . light . shortsightedness   and allergies Responsive to protein food . In addition, for the first time sounded information that Botox can not be administered to those taking drugs, antibiotics and any medications, which is composed of calcium .

As for any other medicines, then if necessary to make an injection of Botox is required initially to check out these resources for their compatibility with the botulinum toxin . It is a complex protein synthesized in vivo.

Most of today's doctors are sure that Botox injections are a danger to women as addictive to the drug occurs in just a few injections. However, such a risk exists only if the procedure is complete botoksoukalyvaniya is divided into several stages: for example, injections in the forehead are made once a month later injections to remove wrinkles between the eyebrows, then a month later - for smoothing " crow's feet "Near the eye. If the injections are made in all areas simultaneously, thus increasing the interval between injections of up to six months, the effect should not be addictive.

A frequent complication of Botox injection is the so-called ptosis . This overhang or drooping corners of the lips, or the upper eyelid. But experts sure that such effects are reversible, as ptosis disappears without additional treatment after some time. If you wish to accelerate the process used Lymphatic drainage massage . Heat treatments .

Despite the fact that the introduction of Botox for pregnant women and nursing mothers negative effects were observed, the doctors still insist in inappropriate use of Botox for expectant mothers. The fact that Botox is included in a so-called list C, which identifies those drugs adverse influence on an unborn baby in a series of studies.

Thus, according to the statistics of the ten who wish to make such injections only three people they really show. Another five people from this correction can produce dozens of Botox only with certain reservations, and two of the people injections absolutely contraindicated. In addition, five percent of the people do not feel the effect of Botox that is injected to make them makes no sense.

Therefore, prior to the Botox injections every man must necessarily pass a thorough investigation by a doctor, so as not to harm health.

Lymphocytic leukemia

January 3, 2012

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia   (another name - acute lymphoblastic leukemia ) - A disease of malignant nature, which is most often seen in children, whose age - from 2 to 4 years.

Symptoms of acute lymphocytic leukemia

When the manifestation of lymphocytic leukemia patients primarily complain of a feeling of weakness, malaise. They have greatly reduced appetite, unreasonably increases the body temperature, skin pale due anemia   and overall intoxication . Pain is most often manifested in the spine and limbs. In the process of developing the disease increases peripheral And in some cases mediastinal lymph nodes . For about half of the cases, characterized by the development hemorrhagic syndrome , Which is characterized by petechiae   and hemorrhage .

Due to the occurrence of extramedullary lesions may develop CNS neuroleukemia . To correctly establish the diagnosis in this case is carried out CT scans of the brain, EEG, MRI and CSF study. More rarely observed leukemic infiltration of the testicles . In this case, the diagnosis is based on the research result obtained in the biopsy samples

Diagnosis of acute lymphocytic leukemia

As a rule, examination of patients begin with the analysis of peripheral blood. It results in almost every case (98%) will be exceptional blasts   and mature cells, without intermediate stages. In the case of acute lymphocytic leukemia be found normochromic anemia   and thrombocytopenia . A number of other features typical to have a smaller number of cases: about 20% of cases develop leukopenia, half the time - leukocytosis . To suspect the disease may already be an expert on the basis of complaints of the patient, as well as the overall picture of the blood. However, accurate diagnosis is impossible without a detailed study of the bone marrow. In the first such study, when attention is drawn to the histological . Cytochemical   and cytogenetic   characterization Bone marrow blasts . Enough informative identification Philadelphia chromosome   (Ph-chromosome). To deliver the most accurate diagnosis and the right treatment plan, should be carried out a series of additional tests to determine whether there are lesions of other organs. For further examines this patient otolaryngologist . urologist . neurologist , Conducted studies of the abdomen.

When the diagnosis as factors of poor prognosis patient's age is considered to be older than 10 years, the presence of high leukocytosis, the morphology of B-ALL, male gender, leukemic CNS.

Treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia

Basically, with proper treatment, the disease can be cured completely.

In most cases it is possible to achieve a complete cure. In the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia apply certain principles that are important for successful treatment.

What is important is the principle of a wide range of effects, the essence of which consists in the application of chemotherapeutic agents with different mechanisms of action. Using the principle of adequate dosing is equally important, because when a sharp decrease in doses of medication possible recurrence of the disease, and if too high doses increase the risk of complications manifestations lymphocytic leukemia. In the appointment of chemotherapy patient doctor adheres to the principle of phasing and continuity.

However, the main principle in the process of therapy is the continuity of care from start to finish. Recurrence of disease greatly reduces the chance of a complete recovery of the patient. In the event of recurrence is used for the treatment of a few short blocks Chemotherapy   at high doses.

The symptoms of chronic lymphocytic leukemia

This oncological disease of the lymphatic tissue, which is characterized by the accumulation of tumor lymphocytes   at Peripheral Blood . lymph nodes   and bone marrow . If we compare this shape with acute lymphocytic leukemia state, in this case, tumor overgrowth occurs more slowly and disorders of hematopoiesis taking place only at a late stage disease.

Symptoms chronic lymphocytic leukemia   a weakness, a feeling of heaviness in the abdomen, especially in the left hypochondrium, increased sweating. The patient is sharply reduced body weight greatly increases the lymph nodes. It lymphadenopathy usually observed as the first symptoms of chronic lymphocytic leukemia forms. Due to the fact that in the process of developing the disease increases spleen, expressed a feeling of heaviness in the stomach. Often patients become more susceptible to various kinds of infections. However, the development of symptoms is fairly slow and gradual.

Diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia

According to available data, about a quarter of cases, the disease is found by chance during a blood test, a person who is appointed for a particular occasion. For the diagnosis of "chronic lymphocytic leukemia" patient is prescribed a number of studies. First, however, the physician inspects the patient. It is mandatory to conduct clinical blood test, during which counting of leukocyte. The picture of defeat, which is typical for this disease is detected during the study of the bone marrow. Also, during a full examination of the patient with suspected chronic lymphocytic leukemia performed immunophenotyping bone marrow and peripheral blood, biopsy   Enlarged lymph nodes.

To study the tumor cells allows Cytogenetic analysis . And to predict the level of risk of infection of the disease is possible by determining the level immunoglobulins .

In the process of diagnosis and determine the stage of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Guided by this information, the doctor decides on tactics, and especially its treatment.

Stages of chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Today, there is a specially designed system of staging of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, which is usually determined by the three stages of the disease.

To step A characteristic lesions no more than two groups of lymph nodes or lymph node involvement at all. Also at this stage, the patient is offline anemia   and thrombocytopenia .

On stage in chronic lymphocytic leukemia occurs defeat three or more groups of lymph nodes. The patient has no anemia and thrombocytopenia.

For step C is characterized by thrombocytopenia or anemia. The data display is not dependent on the number of affected groups of lymph nodes.

Also in the diagnosis of lymphocytic leukemia stage to the designation letters add Roman numerals denoting a specific symptom:

I - presence lymphadenopathy

II - enlarged spleen (splenomegaly)

III - the presence of anemia

IV - the presence of thrombocytopenia

Treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia

A feature of the treatment of this disease is considered to be what experts define inappropriate therapy in the early stages zvbolevaniya. The treatment is not carried out due to the fact that the majority of patients in the early stages of the chronic form of the disease there is a so-called "smoldering" for the disease. Accordingly, a sufficiently long period, people can live without drugs, lead a normal life and feel relatively well. Therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia begin only in cases of a number of symptoms.

Thus, treatment is appropriate if the patient's blood rapidly growing number of lymphocytes, lymph node enlargement progresses, spleen, increased very strongly, growing anemia and thrombocytopenia. Also, treatment is required if the patient has signs of tumor intoxication: night sweating, rapid loss of body weight, fever Constant severe weakness.

To date, identifies a number of approaches to the treatment of the disease.

For the treatment of actively used chemotherapy . However, if, until relatively recently to conduct the procedure used drug hlorbutin , At the moment is considered to be more effective group of drugs - purine analogues. For the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia is also used method bioimmunoterapii   using monoclonal antibodies. After introduction of these drugs selectively destroy tumor cells and healthy tissue in the patient's body is not damaged.

If applied treatments do not produce the desired effect, the intended doctor method is used high-dose chemotherapy followed by transplantation of blood stem cells. If the patient has a large tumor mass is present, the method is used radiation therapy   as an auxiliary treatment.

If a strong increase in the spleen to the patient can be shown the complete removal of the body.

When choosing tactics of treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient physician necessarily guided by extensive data of all studies and takes into account the individual characteristics of the individual patient and the disease.

Prevention lymphocytic leukemia

The reasons that can trigger a manifestation of lymphatic leukemia, determine the impact of a number of chemicals. It should therefore be very cautious about contact with such substances.

Patients who have a history immunodeficiency Hereditary chromosomal defects, people with relatives diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia should have regular checkups and attending professionals. Patients who have undergone chemotherapy, should be very serious about infection prevention. In view of this patient after chemotherapy is necessary to remain in a certain period of isolation, to observe sanitary and hygienic conditions, avoid contact with sick people contagious diseases. Also, in order to prevent in some cases, patients are assigned to receive Antiviral   means antibiotics .

Individuals diagnosed with lymphatic leukemia in the chronic form, should have protein-rich meals, constant blood tests, mandatory time to use all the means that are prescribed by a doctor. You can not eat aspirin And aspirinosoderzhaschie drugs that can provoke bleeding .

When the manifestation of lymph node tumors, discomfort in the abdomen the patient should immediately consult your doctor.

Folk remedies for diarrhea

July 22, 2011

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Intestinal pain is usually represented by the two opposing views - diarrhea   and constipation . And the first gives a lot of trouble, because of which you can not even leave the house. Usually, diarrhea   (the official name of diarrhea) - malaise, which is expressed very liquid and frequent, watery stools. It is, of course, unpleasant. But most importantly - can be an indicator of the serious disease caused by intestinal infections or food poisoning.

The main danger - as a consequence of it - dehydration , Because of which the patient may even die. Certainly, at the first sign of diarrhea is necessary to apply to the doctor and correctly to put diagnosis. Specialist prescribe treatment in accordance with the characteristics of your body, but perhaps the most important thing for all patients remains grim diet .

As with the treatment prescribed by the doctor, and at the first sign of diarrhea before going to the hospital should drink as much non-carbonated mineral water, fruit fruit drinks, juice and any other liquids. An exception will be dairy products and coffee.

How to get rid from diarrhea?

Along with the medication (if detected infectious nature of the disease or food poisoning) is not only possible but also necessary to resort to folk remedies. For example, is not the first hundred years from diarrhea disposed of as follows: from of chicken of the stomach   cut yellow shell, rinse well and dry it, then push apart a wooden rolling pin tolkushkoy or to a fine powder. Take this powder 1 tbsp. spoon - adults and 1 \ 2 tbsp. spoon - children. Wash down with plenty of water. Apply once a day.

Even easier to use potato starch 1 Art. spoon to dissolve in a glass of cooled boiled water and drink. Adults may choose another fairly simple recipe: at least half a glass of vodka to dissolve 1 tsp. Salt and consume immediately.

In house conditions simply enough to to cook and one more variant Drug: crude an onion cut open crosswisely (not under a root) and to put an her into a glass of with hot tea (not sturdy, without sugar). Insist in such a way bow   10 minutes, then drink.

Good also helps solution made of two components - cinnamon   and chilli pepper . With excellent astringent properties, such decoction   also helps rid the body gas .

Quite common in the popularly decoctions of the walls walnuts , Infused in alcohol for 2-3 days and peel Grenade , Brewed with boiling water. Can help and berries, mixed with honey - viburnum . cranberries   wading. And of course, rice   or, more precisely, decoction of rice   (1: 7 - the ratio of cereal and cold water, boil until half-baked state). Only use should not be crushed rice.

Badyaga

Description overdue on 21.10.2011

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Badyaga   a local irritating means. It is derived from freshwater sponges badyagi. This colony cnidarians, they exist only in clean ponds with fresh water. Skeleton badyagi - a network of needles Silica Which binds spongin It is an organic substance. As part of the skeleton carbonates . Phosphates And other organic substances. Badyaga actively acts mechanically irritating the skin due to the presence of silicon needles. Irritation of the skin contributes to the fact that the shallow circulation in the body is more active. In problem areas, a marked resolving effect. Badyaga facilitates the penetration of oxygen into the skin, cleans the pores of the skin makes less active sebaceous glands . The preparation is realized in the form of a powder, which was used to prepare a slurry, applied externally. This drug also significantly speeds up the process of tissue regeneration, strengthens the walls of capillaries, has a soothing and antiseptic effect. The drug has an unpleasant smell.

Indications and methods of use of the drug:

The drug is used in badyaga radiculitis . rheumatism . arthritis , Various rheumatic and neurological pain. Effectively helps badyaga from bruises . This drug is used externally by applying it to the skin with lesions. Badyaga acne   It is used as a mask for the face.

Means should be rubbed into the areas of the skin where there is defeat. In the presence of bruises and contusions to the powder is added to boiled water. Mass thoroughly mixed to form a uniform slurry. The resulting mass should be applied with a swab on the skin and, wearing rubber gloves rub it evenly. After twenty minutes of this mass is washed off with water. In the treatment of radiculitis, rheumatic and neuralgic pains must be added to the powder badyagi a little vegetable oil and mix well this mass. It should be rubbed into the lesion. If a burning sensation is felt too strong, a lot need to rinse. If you burn easily, the deposited mass can be left in place on the affected day.

Contraindications and possible side effects:

You can not use the drug in the presence of hypersensitivity to its components. It not recommended to use the drug in the presence of a variety of violations of the integrity of the skin in those places where should be applied fresh-water sponge. From drug treatment is to give in the presence of hypertrichosis , Acute inflammations, cuts, scratches at places where it will be applied to drugs. Also, this tool is not used by people with sensitive skin. You can not apply to the area around the eyes.

During use badyagi patients may manifest a variety of allergic reactions, flushing of the skin is also possible on the ground, which is applied to the drug. Do not apply the drug on the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose. If the drug gets on the mucous membranes, it is necessary to immediately rinse thoroughly with water.

Specific recommendations:

Before treatment is recommended to exclude the possibility of allergies. For this small amount of the drug needed to put on the inside of the arms and after some time to check the place for the presence of redness or other reactions.

When using the drug skin reddens, and after washing the patient feels tingling, which is the norm. The drug should be stored in a place protected from moisture and sunlight. Store this medication may be three years from the date of issue.

Lopedium

Description overdue on 07/29/2014

• Latin name: Lopedium
• ATC code: A07DA03
• Active substance: Loperamide (Loperamide)
• Manufacturer: Pharma GmbH Salyutas, Germany

Photos of the drug

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• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Lopedium, instructions for use (method and dosage)
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Analogs
• Synonyms
• During pregnancy (and lactation)
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

One tablet contains loperamide hydrochloride   - 2 mg.

Additional ingredients: talc, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, corn starch, gelatin, E172, titanium dioxide E131 .

Product form

Oval capsules, half gray and half green. Inside - a homogeneous white powder. Packages 10, 20, 30 or 50 pieces.

Pharmacological action

From what Lopedium? The drug has the ability to suppress peristalsis   intestine. Renders antidiarrhoeal action .

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Loperamide   - A synthetic derivative piperidine . It acts on the   peripheral opioid receptors Reducing the production acetylcholine   and prostaglandins . Thus, it occurs decline propulsive motility   small intestine, bowel movements occur less frequently, and feces becomes more solid consistency.

Indications for use of the drug are frequent bouts of diarrhea. This is due to the ability to raise funds tone anal sphincter , Reduce the incidence of defecations.

After taking the pills, they quickly get into the blood after absorption in GI . After 4-5 hours after ingestion, loperamide reaches its maximum concentration in blood plasma and, still quite small amounts, can penetrate through blood-brain barrier .

Undergoes reaction metabolism in the liver, is output from 9-14 hours stool, small quantity - through the kidneys.

Due to the fact that the drug metabolized   the liver is required to consult a doctor and a dose adjustment for patients with liver disease.

Indications

The drug can be assigned from any species diarrhea .

Lopedium - from what these pills?

• treatment chronic, allergic, emotional, medical   and ray   diarrhea;
• additional agent for the treatment of infectious diseases GI   (together with antibiotics );
• diarrhea caused by a change of diet, disturbances in metabolism, certain diseases   ZHTK ;
• elimination of diarrhea at ileostomy .

Tablets Lopedium - from what else?

The indications for use of the drug can also be indigestion tourists ( traveler's diarrhea ). The capsules can be administered for two days. In the case of blood in the stool should consult a doctor.

Contraindications

• strong allergic reactions   on the components of the drug;
• acute dysentery   (blood in the stool, fever);
• the age of six;
• bacterial enterocolitis   ( salmonellosis, shigellosis );
• sharp colitis Drug-induced antibiotics ;
• in the application of funds occurs abdominal distention . constipation . ileus .

Side effects

FEATURES:

• headache, tremor, somnolence   and loss of consciousness ;
• urinary retention, cramps ;
• constipation, nausea, indigestion, megacolon;
• Stevens-Johnson syndrome . angioedema , Itching on the skin and hives .

Lopedium, instructions for use (method and dosage)

The capsules are taken as a whole, do not bite through, washed down with water.

According to the instructions for use Lopedium, it can be administered to adults and children starting at age six.

For adults with chronic or acute diarrhea, the initial dose is 4 mg, after each trip to the toilet (defecation). Thereafter, the dosage can be reduced to 2 mg. Lots of drug taken per day - 16 mg.

For children initially administered 2 mg, max - 6 mg per day.

The treatment ends to achieve a state where the time between the two acts of defecation is not less than 12 hours.

Overdose

Symptoms of an overdose of a powerful depression CNS Including urinary retention, ileus , Severe depression CNS . stupor . corestenoma . convulsions . Keep in mind that children are more sensitive to the drug than adults.

Naloxone   - Specific antidote   drug. You may need to re-introduction of an antidote. Do not worth to exclude and symptomatic therapy, gastric lavage, reception enterosorbents .

Cooperation

It is not necessary to combine the drug with other drugs depressing the central nervous system.

Precautions to take P-glycoprotein inhibitors ( quinidine, ritonavir ) CYP3A4 inhibitors ( Gemfibrozil ) AND trakonazolom . The D esmopressinom . K etokonazolom .

Terms of sale

The presence of a prescription is not required.

Storage conditions

In the dark, reach of children, at a temperature of 30 degrees set out above.

Shelf life

5 years.

Analogs

Match code ATC 4th level:

• Loperamide

The closest analogues: A oflatil, Usara .

Synonyms

Synonyms of the drug are: AND modium, Stoperan loperamide hydrochloride, loperamide .

During pregnancy and lactation

Admission medications during pregnancy and during breast-feeding is not recommended. Should see a doctor, who in turn podbreet another suitable drug.

Reviews about the Lopedium

Reviews on the forums good. All those who took the drug, happy with the result, the drug is rapidly and effectively cope with the delicate problem of frequent trips to the toilet. At times to patients was enough one-two receptions, to lead chair in the norm. Another advantage is considered a low cost, as compared with its analogues. However, there are sporadic cases of allergy to the active substance or side effects.

Price Lopedium where to buy

Price Lopedium is about 40 rubles per 10 tablets.

Get the best price and buy

Drug-free treatment of gynecological diseases

September 27, 2012

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Modern women each year go to the doctor with complaints   gynecological diseases more often. Today, often infectious and inflammatory diseases of the genital diagnosed even in young women and girls.
Due to the absence of pronounced symptoms in the early stages of development of these diseases are usually initially does not cause anxiety in women. Therefore, to a specialist, they can not immediately handle. At the same time, inflammatory and infectious gynecological diseases can provoke with the times very serious consequences. Thus, complication of ailments can be infertility and damage internal organs. Therefore, you need to treat such diseases promptly.

Female genital diseases can be divided into three groups. The first category includes diseases that have an inflammatory character. Such illnesses provoke pathogens specific   and nonspecific . If the disease is caused by specific micro-organisms, we are talking about diseases that are transmitted through sexual contact. Non-specific pathogens enter the body of a woman of the environment or the bloodstream.

The second group of diseases include hormonal diseases that occur as a consequence of disturbances in the functioning of the endocrine glands.

The third group of gynecological disease - a disease, degenerative wearing a hyperplastic character. In this case we are talking about tumors and other pathological formations.

Herbal medicine and treatment of gynecological diseases

Treatment of gynecologic diseases requires a certain time for most women. allergic reaction Provoke unwanted side effects. Moreover, in a particular state, for example, pregnancy , Certain drugs for the treatment of gynecological diseases of women are generally contraindicated. In such cases, physicians frequently resort to phototherapy Practicing herbal medicine. Herbal medicine in gynecology practice as an additional method of treatment and in some cases may replace some medicated drugs.

Keep in mind that the modern herbal medicine - it's not only the experience of traditional medicine, but also a clear understanding of the availability of nutrients in the composition of the extracts and extracts from medicinal plants. Thanks farmokodinamike pharmacokinetics and is the treatment of gynecological problems will be most effective.

Modern herbal produced in the form of infusions, and in the form of tablets. Therefore, this therapy will be most convenient for the patient. Herbal preparations may be included in a comprehensive treatment of menstrual disorders, uterine bleeding, premenstrual syndrome, disorders that afflict women during menopause . Effective grass and inflammatory diseases, amenorrhea   and dysmenorrhea .

It provided a number of medicinal plants, which are often used in gynecological field to treat women's diseases.

In the bark of oak and the common English oak has a large amount of tannins, flavonoid quercetin, acid, starch, proteins.

This plant has a high content of essential oils, tannins, and a number of vitamins, resins, acids, alcohols. Therefore, the plant has a strong anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory effects.

Treatment is not less effective hunters gynecological ailments. It comprises an etheric oil, flavonoids, resins, tannins, ascorbic and nicotinic acid, glycerol, and other useful components for the female body. If St. John's wort is taken by mouth, it acts as a sedative. Furthermore, the grass has antimicrobial effect.

It is widely used in women's diseases chamomile, which is composed of chamazulene, flavonoids, acids, and others. A decoction of chamomile has anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antibacterial and analgesic and a sedative and styptic.

Treatment buds and leaves of birch in gynecology practice, if necessary, have choleretic, diuretic and antibacterial effects. As part of birch buds and leaves there is a lot of tannins, vitamins, essential oils and others.

With nettle can effectively treat uterine bleeding. The leaves of this plant have vitamins, tannins, choline, carotenoids, histamine.

In gynecology treatment has long been practiced by other herbal remedies that are recommended by the attending physician to the patient depending on the individual diagnosis and characteristics of the organism.

Laser therapy and treatment of gynecological diseases

In the treatment of gynecological diseases in women now often recommended laser. In this case it is the number of different treatment methods, which are based on physical effects on the body. Such exposure is carried out using laser, ultrasound, magnetic fields electrocution.

At various diseases in gynecology laser not only qualitatively supplement the basic regimen, but also to replace the use of certain drugs. There is a positive experience of treatment with laser adhesive processes, adenoksita   and other ailments. Laser therapy is used to correct violations of the menstrual cycle , Treatment d isfunktsii ovaries . real erosion   and pseudo , Postpartum endometritis   and others. Appointed laser therapy in the treatment of chronic diseases of the pelvic organs, as such procedures may reduce pain, improve blood circulation, treatment of certain functional disorders.

It stands out as some diseases in which laser therapy may be the only appropriate method of treatment. neuralgia Reduce congestion arising in organs of the female reproductive system as a result of poor blood flow.

If patsientkae surgery performed through the use of laser therapy, the recovery period is significantly reduced, also significantly reduced the risk of adhesions. Laser therapy given to women, who was arbitrary or artificial termination of pregnancy, and, as a consequence, curettage. Applications after this procedure lazeroterapevticheskogo treatment allows for more efficient and quickly restore damaged endometrium  

In general, laser therapy in gynecology achieves several positive effects: significantly reduce the time of treatment, to provide quality prevention of complications of diseases and symptoms of relapse in the future. Furthermore, this treatment the patient does not feel the existence of side effects, which are characteristic for the treatment of medical drugs. Also, the application of laser therapy can sometimes be used to significantly reduce the amount of drugs.

Laser therapy is carried out in two ways: either through the vaults of the vagina or through the abdominal wall. None of these methods does not cause pain in the patient.

You can conduct laser therapy on an outpatient basis, with no restrictions is not required to comply. Do not assign this procedure for women with uterine myoma In the presence of cysts and tumors.

Gynecologic massage

Many experts argue that the relatively simple and natural methods of treatment are able to bring great benefit to the body.   - A method that began to be used by physicians in the nineteenth century. At the dawn of the twentieth century, this treatment method was further developed and thus widely used. Gynecologic massage - a physiological effect that has a positive effect not only on the specific organ, but in general, the woman's body. The most significant effect is observed when a pelvic massage will be used in conjunction with other methods of physical therapy.

Today, pelvic massage is often prescribed for women with chronic inflammation of the uterus, as well as inflammation of the peritoneum and parauterine fiber. This massage relieves when residual effects - pain, which occur in the coccyx, the uterus, the sacrum.

In the application of gynecologic massage doctor must monitor the reaction of the patient's body for a massage and other treatments. It is especially important to observe this reaction in the first few days of massage and physiotherapy. Sometimes, inflammation and other gynecological diseases in women, a shift of the uterus. Such deviation from the norm provoke discomfort in women.

In addition to these pathologies gynecological massage today used in the treatment of consequences abortion Heavy delivery As a therapy for amenorrhea. Women who have been diagnosed infertility , Pelvic massage can also bring some positive effect.

During reflex and mechanical influence, which is carried to the muscles and blood vessels of the system, activates blood and lymph circulation. As a consequence, disappear stagnation in the organs. Due to this exposure of a woman to maintain normal menstrual function, and provides prevention fibrosis   and fibromatosis of the uterus .

To perform a pelvic massage a woman should take the right position on the gynecological chair or on a massage table. It is important that doctors perform a massage very easily and smoothly. This woman should not feel pain. The massage is performed with two hands: the fingers of one hand massage from the vagina or rectum, and the fingers of the other hand at this time produce a massage from the abdominal integument.

In the course of gynecologic massage woman must breathe correctly, relax the abdominal muscles. Before the massage, do not eat, and the bowel and bladder must first be emptied. Through antisepsis   the doctor is required to handle the vulva before a massage.

Initially massages that last no more than 7 minutes. Over time sessions can be longer - up to 15 minutes. Depending on the disease and the individual characteristics of the patient's number of gynecological massage sessions can be from 10 to 30. Massage do not menstruating. At the time of his better protected from conception, but directly in the days of such sessions is not necessary to practice sexual intercourse.

After the end of the massage the patient should stay about 10 minutes in the posture of lying on his stomach or in a knee-elbow position. osteopathy   or physiotherapy .

How fast to lose weight after giving birth

July 3rd, 2012

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Almost every young mother after some time after the birth of the baby starts to think about how to lose weight after giving birth. However, to regain those forms that are pleasing before the baby is actually quite easy. After all, to conduct a correct way of life, actively engaged in sports and stick diet   it is very difficult because of the need to take care of the baby all the time. As a consequence, a lot of mothers of newborns over a period of notice that the indicators of body weight rises steeply. But we should not despair, as there are many methods of losing weight after childbirth, proven by many generations of women.

Pregnancy and overweight

Under existing rules, the period of carrying a child pregnant woman should gain no more than 12 additional kilograms. If this figure is not exceeded, the extra weight will disappear during delivery And in the first few weeks after their recovery. However, those women who are too recovered during pregnancy , Gaining more than 20 kilograms, as a rule, is much more difficult to return the same, familiar forms for them. Therefore, the coming recovery, you need to think in the period of gestation of the child, not trying to eat too much. There is at the root of misconception that pregnant woman should eat for yourselves, and for your baby, that is a double portion. Psychologically, this statement sets the future mother of the fact that the excesses of the period of gestation the baby is quite acceptable.

At the same time, eating a lot more calories, the woman moves less because of his position. As a consequence, the power consumption obtained with food, does not occur.

In addition, during pregnancy the female body is undergoing tremendous stress due to major restructuring. In the body, run special mechanisms to protect the unborn child. It is for this purpose an active layer of accumulated fat on the abdomen and thighs, and on the sides. Features figures and, in particular, its changes during pregnancy depend on genetic predisposition. Consequently, if excess weight   Parents have a woman, then she has his appearance more likely. Besides the distribution of fat in pregnancy there is something like it was her mother.

A strong increase in weight occurs during the development of a woman preeclampsia   and other pathologies precipitating fluid retention.

As a result, statistics show that obesity is at 40% of women who are over 30 years old. And after the age of forty have half of women have excess weight.

Thus, if a woman gained during pregnancy more than 13 kg overweight and saved her for six months after the birth of a baby, in this case we are talking about long-term obesity   and possible follow-up endocrine disorders .

Factors influencing the weight loss after childbirth

Experts identified a number of important factors that affect the process of losing weight women after childbirth. First of all, motivation is important: the young mother should clearly define its purpose and to facilitate the path to it using some of the important attitudes. Psychologists are advised not to set sky-high goals, such as losing weight by tens of kilograms. It is best to plan the loss of several kilograms in a given time or opportunity to try to achieve a certain thing to put that woman wore before pregnancy. There are simple methods of motivation, for example, to record your goal on a piece of paper and hang the sheet on the refrigerator, to constantly introduce this idea into the subconscious.

Mental attitude is crucial to losing weight after childbirth, since at this time the young mother can suffer from symptoms postpartum depression . Her mood changes dramatically, appears self-pity, and against this background the food often becomes a kind of "consolation" factor. Such desirable to avoid, as in the forms of postpartum depressive state, it is desirable to consult a doctor who will help to overcome the problems and come to the fight against excess weight with the right attitude.

Two main factors - proper nutrition and sports. A balanced diet - a key factor in the process of getting rid of excess weight. Implementation of simple exercises a few days after birth to help get in shape faster and, moreover, will help women overcome postnatal depression. Later, you can move on to more serious training.

Experts also recommend that women wear a postpartum bandage To help pull the stretched skin on the abdomen and to overcome recurrent back pain.

In addition, passive way of parting with excess weight is dialed long period of lactation.

Features weight loss after childbirth

Lose weight after delivery is possible if to take into account some features of the period of breastfeeding and recovery after labor. It is important that during the breastfeeding mother does not apply to radical methods of losing weight. Consequently, neither medication drugs nor compliance various strict diets, neither surgery at this time should not be practiced. Furthermore, such methods generally adversely affect the body, the skin condition. In addition, over time, once the weight comes back.

Do not during lactation drink tea with laxative effect, which contribute to the excretion of fluids. Therefore, every new mother should realize that losing weight after childbirth should take place smoothly and gradually. The best option - a loss of 250 to 400 g per week. Thus, the weight will come away with the same speed with which and gain during pregnancy. It should be noted that the stabilization hormonal   It occurs about two years after the birth of the child, so the process of losing weight can be difficult.

Slimming process presupposes respect for two basic principles: the need to eat less food and at the same time to move actively. But a nursing mother is too strong exercise is not suitable as exhausting charging may adversely affect the process of feeding the baby.

The very first load after childbirth, which can be used as a kind of daily exercise is walking with a stroller. In order to feel the effect of these walks, need to move quite rapidly, going every day for several kilometers. Walking on the clean fresh air not only contribute to the training of the muscles, but also have a positive effect on the production of breast milk. Effective weight loss occurs when the heart rate increases to 120 beats per minute, and this can be achieved, if you go fast enough pace. Walking with your baby should last at least two hours every day. So a quick walk with a straight back will ensure burning the same amount of calories as when jogging or training on the simulator.

A kind of "charge" can be performed with the smallest child. For example, if you carry a baby in a kangaroo pouch, you can improve your posture, strengthen your abdominals and back. To make such a charging more diverse, wearing a baby in a backpack should be the front, then from behind. Weight of the child will be gradually increased, and the load on the muscles will also increase.

At a time when the baby is resting after feeding, mom can do a little exercise, aimed at strengthening the muscle tone. There are special videotrenirovki for employment after childbirth. However, you can choose some suitable exercises and independently. First day is enough to make two fifteen-minute training session, later, a month after the birth of a baby, the lessons can be increased twice. If the birth went without complications, then after 5-6 weeks you can gradually begin training on simulators. But weight training is used sooner is better to use an exercise bike, treadmill, elliptical trainer. At this time, it is already possible to carry out complex and activities of yoga. Perfect for a young mother is a regular swimming, which positively influences the general condition, and the process of losing weight.

Any exercise should be carried out with an empty stomach, so after the meal must pass at least two hours. By the way, after exercise, you should not eat, because in the course of the mechanism of resistive loads starts burning fat, which lasts about two hours.

Incidentally, after caesarean section And after a very difficult and complicated deliveries before training woman should undergo a pelvic exam to make sure that the recovery process is going well. However, before a month, even light exercise should not be done.

Catching up on sports, the young mother does not have to wait for the first results within a short period of time. Therefore, to control the process of weight loss after birth is best once a month by measuring volumes and Weighing

Food for weight loss after childbirth

Relatively quickly lose weight after giving birth is possible only in the event that from the first days after returning from the hospital food, and women would be the most balanced. A nursing mother should not think that the characteristics of its power affect the way the quantity of milk produced. And approval of the misconceptions is that a large number of tea with cream and fat, satisfying foods contributes to the quality of the milk. In fact, the young nursing mother just need to drink a lot, using the liquid before each feeding a child. The total amount of fluid intake per day should be at least two liters.

And for the stability of lactation, and for growing thin woman should split the daily ration of five to six servings. In one meal should be consumed no more than 200 grams of food. Before going to bed should not be there, it is better to eat the last time for 3-4 hours before bedtime. On the night enough to drink low-fat yogurt or fermented baked milk. But skipping breakfast is not desirable: morning nutrition ensures that the body will process food consumed more intensively.

Food fried in a skillet, and a very fatty foods like contraindicated during breast-feeding, and in the process of active shedding of excess weight. It is best to cook in a double boiler: so it retains the nutrients, and the dish is not absorb the excess fat. The most suitable for the "post-natal diet" dishes are steamed and boiled vegetables. They should be about half of the total daily diet. Young mother, which is difficult to take the time to cook the food, can use frozen mixed vegetables, vitamins and nutrients that are stored at freezing. However, in the first months breastfeeding   do not need to have those mixed vegetables, legumes which have, as it is fraught with manifestation of gassing the baby. But over time, they can be gradually introduced into the diet.

Fruit - a lovely dessert option for nursing moms losing weight. However, to get involved with bananas and grapes still not worth it, since calorie these fruits is very high.

And the process of lactation and proper weight loss after giving birth does not exclude the daily consumption of dairy products. Some of them, however, is very high in calories. But if in the process of slimming cream is best not to drink, it without cheese, which provides the body with calcium during lactation can not do. It is desirable to choose milk products with low fat content. In this case, suitable cheese varieties Cecilia, Adygei, camembert.

But meat for nursing mothers wanting to bring back to normal shape, you can only eat once a day. Thus it should be lean. Frankfurters and sausages are a source of fat, so it is better to exclude in general, preferring poultry, rabbit beef,

Porridge - the product sufficiently nutritious, but still eat porridge from cereals, it is important for the full feeding a baby: it significantly reduces the risk of developing allergies .

Particular attention should be paid to ensure that the habit of mothers are not logged in constant snacking. If there is still very much want to satisfy hunger better fruit, and sometimes help and a glass of green tea.

Slimming postpartum woman should clearly know the entire list of banned products, which are not conducive to dropping the weight and thus can hurt and nourishes the baby in breast milk. Thus, in the diet of the young mother has no place fried and smoked foods, canned foods, spicy and salty dishes, alcohol, chocolate. Useful seemingly seeds and nuts - products are also treacherous: they are high-calorie, very fatty and thus can trigger allergic reactions in children.

Flour muffin - food that is best to eat a little and very rare. But treat yourself to a small bun every few days nursing mother may still. It is better to eat in the morning.

Experts advise mother properly adapt to the daily routine of the child, without missing at the same time meal. By the way, many women eats delicious mashed potatoes and other food for the baby, making a serious mistake. After all, without noticing it, a young mother constantly consume extra calories, which ultimately can only add a few kilos.

Total caloric intake of young mothers should not go beyond 2,000 calories a day. Significant limitations - less than 1,300 calories a day - could have a negative impact not only on the process of lactation, but also on metabolism As its speed can slow down.

Track the process of losing weight is important because in the absence of weight loss in a woman, exercise and limiting power, possible endocrine disruption. In such a case, you should immediately visit an endocrinologist.

Breastfeeding and weight loss after childbirth

According to the observations of nutritionists, those women who for a long time to feed your baby breast milk is much easier to part with the accumulated during the period of pregnancy weight. After all, during breastfeeding uterus contracts more active and soon comes to the norm. The main thing - to eat with the no-frills, not sitting on a diet, but not abused, and especially oily nutritious food. Slimming nursing mothers need to replenish iron stores, as during childbirth and postpartum hemorrhage its level is significantly reduced. This trace mineral is actively involved in developing an enzyme that affects the fat burning process. Therefore, the young mother must replenish iron by eating eggs, liver, fish, carrots, bread from wheat flour.

Postpartum psychiatric disorders: psychosis, depression

June 24, 2012

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Postpartum psychosis   and postpartum depression   - It states that occur in women as a consequence of complications arising during delivery . It is crucial that new mothers diagnosed with postpartum psychosis, be sure to seek the help of a qualified and receive appropriate treatment.

This should be taken into account due to the fact that most new mothers are not even aware that they are already suffering from the symptoms of postpartum psychosis. Sometimes these symptoms are not perceived as a serious disease, and people close to the woman.

It is to share the concept of "postpartum psychosis" and "postpartum depression." Both of these diseases are very severe psychotic condition that requires immediate medical treatment. But the approach to the therapy of these diseases apply different: the treatment of postpartum depression goes with Antidepressants And treatment of postpartum psychosis is carried out using antipsychotics . Compared with symptoms of postpartum depression postpartum psychosis occurs less frequently in women. It is necessary to clearly distinguish postpartum psychosis and postpartum blues, which the majority of young mothers occurs in the first weeks after birth. In most cases, this takes the blues yourself. However, it happens that the prolonged blues goes into post-natal depression. Such a condition should be treated with the help of qualified professionals.

Causes of postpartum psychosis

Postpartum psychosis is a severe psychotic condition. During pregnancy   a woman who later suffers from postpartum psychosis, no noticeable abnormalities. However, those who are prone to psychosis in the postpartum period, usually before suffering from severe emotional vibrations during premenstrually

To date there is no information on the precise causes of manifestations of this condition in women after childbirth. There are some suggestions for changes in the psyche of women, recently given birth a child associated with fluctuations   in her body.

Significantly increases the risk of postpartum psychosis in those who previously abused a variety of drugs.

However, postpartum psychosis can develop in healthy women who have experienced severe emotional stress due to the birth of the baby.

Symptoms of postpartum psychosis

Typically, postpartum psychosis, manifested for 3-6 days after birth. At the characteristic features of postpartum psychosis often we are talking about the loss of communications with the reality of the patient. With the progression of postpartum psychosis is disturbed higher nervous activity. In women immediately after the birth is shown as easy And heavy   form of postpartum psychosis. If it is for a particularly heavy, the young mother can completely lose the ability to care for a newborn.

In the development of postpartum psychosis can manifest a number of different symptoms. The woman sometimes observed some manic symptoms, which are expressed in high levels of arousal, the occurrence of obsessions, which are not connected with reality.

Another very common manifestation of postpartum psychosis in women are hallucinations, especially hearing. The young mother gradually develop personality changes, her thinking becomes abnormal. Postpartum psychosis-prone woman becomes difficult to articulate their thoughts and organize them aloud. Accordingly, a woman can lead rambling conversations, to express thoughts without intelligible content.

The patient can not give an adequate self-esteem, the right to define their own state. Convincing young mother that she should seek qualified help, her family and relatives should make substantial efforts to achieve the desired. Eventually, after a full cure, the woman usually realizes the error of their beliefs.

Another symptom of postpartum psychosis is a disorder of appetite: the young mother often can not eat normally.

A woman in a state of severe postpartum psychosis is often visited by the idea of ​​a possible suicide or murder. This symptom shows that the patient's condition is extremely serious, and she needs the help of experts.

Diagnosis of postpartum psychosis

When you call a woman to the doctor with complaints of the above symptoms the doctor should spend as much as possible a full examination of her state of health. Identification of organic diseases, blood tests and other studies help explain the causes of post-partum psychosis. You also need to bring a neurological examination, as well as examine the results of a CT scan.

Treatment of postpartum psychosis

Treatment of postpartum psychosis has been practiced for a long time. Currently used as oral and intravenous and intramuscular administration. But all drugs should be used as soon as possible, as treatment for postpartum psychosis should be made as early as possible. Accordingly, the effectiveness of treatment may decrease if you start it later.

If urgent medical intervention does not happen, then the state of postpartum psychosis, a woman could rapidly deteriorate. This directly threatens the health of mother and child.

Postpartum Depression

Postpartum depression can occur in every woman who gave birth to a child recently. This condition is also seen in women who have given birth to a stillborn child after a miscarriage. Postpartum depression is manifested by changes in the psychological state of the woman. It may suffer from permanent display feelings of sadness, pessimism, hopelessness. Young mother ceases to feel the joy of life, the pleasure of caring for a child. Sometimes young mother feels that it is too hard to show the daily care of the baby. To date, there is evidence that the prevalence of symptoms of postpartum depression is up to 15%. It is important to take into account the fact that postpartum depression in the mother can affect the baby's health in the future.

If you evaluate the status of the young mother immediately after birth, the state of tiredness, weakness and exhaustion there is almost every woman. All of these feelings in the majority of young mothers occur in parallel with the state of joy and great satisfaction from the fact that the child was born. But if a woman has a normal state after a few weeks of feeling that her condition becomes more stable and unpleasant symptoms disappear without treatment.

It is believed that the cause of postpartum depression is a manifestation of a sharp hormonal imbalance in women, which is manifested immediately after birth of the baby. In the development of pregnancy in a woman's body undergoes substantial change psychological . somatic   and endocrine   character. Mental dysfunction in the period after childbirth, according to doctors, is associated with a sharp decrease in the number of body HCG at .

First of all, it is important to consider that postpartum depression often seen in women who had previously been at the birth of children suffering from this disease. Very often postpartum depression occurs in this group of women at the birth of a child after 35 years. However, there is evidence and that postpartum depression much more often seen in women at the birth of first child.

In addition, significantly increases the risk of manifestation of the lack of adequate state support for young mothers, which should ensure that relatives and close friends. Postpartum depression is more common in women who have had a strong stress .

If a woman was likely to be depressed in the period of gestation of the child, 75% of depression manifested in her and after childbirth. Also increases the chances of symptoms of depression hereditary predisposition to the young mother   depressive states   either bipolar disorder .

Since the birth of a child is a serious stress for the woman, the development of depression in the postpartum period occurs often enough.

The most common symptom of postpartum depression is a denial of a young mother with the necessary skills. A woman who had just given birth to a child, feels that it is very difficult to cope with new responsibilities, and at the same time feels a sense of guilt. Woman suffering from severe anxiety, while it becomes very slow and with great difficulty focusing. Sometimes a woman completely reject all social contacts and fully immersed in the cares of the child. In other cases, postpartum depression causes the mother to opt out of care for the child. Most postpartum depression becomes chronic and long-term negative impact on the child and the mother.

Very often a young mother suffers because it does not receive confirmation of the theory that her maternal instincts will help to transfer all the difficulties of the adaptation period to the child quickly. But in fact, for such a bond between the mother and the baby appeared and gained strength, you need a few months. Hence, the disappointment of failure could trigger a worsening of depressive state. Besides, very often the mother is convinced that the child is responsible for it alone.

Gradually she loses the ability to enjoy everyday amenities. The symptoms of postpartum depression are also often a loss of appetite, rapid weight loss in young mothers. Women can also suffer from insomnia.

The above symptoms may be a woman in the first week after birth, and after a few turbulent weeks. Postpartum depression can last from a young mother about three or four months.

Types of postpartum depression

In medical practice, accepted definition of the classification of postpartum depression. With neurotic depression   a woman has exacerbated those disorders that took place in the period of pregnancy. It is in a depression, often cries, and gradually comes to an extreme degree of burnout.

Traumatic neurosis Usually manifests itself after a very severe birth process. Women who have experienced a difficult birth, before the next birth of the child gradually increases anxiety, obsessive fears.

With melancholia, accompanied by delusional inclusions For the condition of the woman is characterized by severe confusion, guilt, and thoughts of their own inadequacy. A woman can not learn those close to her, suffer from a permanent manifestation of unpleasant hallucinations. Very often this state precedes the manifestation manic-depressive psychosis .

Mother constantly afraid of something to hurt your child.

The most commonly found in young mothers for postpartum depression is prolonged. As a symptom of this condition there is a constant feeling of fatigue, sadness, exhaustion. Mother is very difficult to carry the crying child, she becomes irritable, and constantly feel guilty for such behavior.

Diagnosing Postpartum Depression

It is imperative that a woman as detailed as possible to tell the doctor about your own feelings, thoughts and emotions that dominated her after birth. During the treatment the doctor is required to watching the patient and watching her psychological state. It is important that there has been a careful attention to the complaints of a woman doctor, because mental disorders are sometimes overlooked.

Treatment for postpartum depression

Treatment for postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis involves mandatory consultation of psychologist and receiving medication. When postpartum depression woman prescribe drugs-antidepressants . But if the patient holds moderate postpartum depression, that without medication, in some cases you can do. To date, the use of modern antidepressant drugs allows us not to give up breast-feeding, as they do not adversely affect the baby. But it is important that the funds assigned exclusively to professionals.

However, the treatment of postpartum depression also involves proper nutrition, physical activity, a sufficient number of hours of daily sleep. In addition, women need to realize the incorrectness of their own behavior and be sure to ask for help from their loved ones.

Prevention of postpartum mental disorders

It is understood that on the prevention of postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis need to take care of long before the appearance of the child. Expectant mother should always be in a comfortable environment to feel concern and support. It is particularly important to ensure similar conditions for women who have an increased risk of symptoms of mental disorders. In this case, it is extremely important attitude towards women of her partner.

Both husband and wife before the birth should understand that the risk of developing postpartum depression exists in every woman, so this is important to recognize the condition and to ensure its adequate treatment.