Ciprofloxacin

Description overdue on 13.01.2012

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Antibiotic. Main, an active substance - Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride It refers to fluoroquinolones .  The antimicrobial effect extends both on Gram and Gram-positive bacterial flora .  The principle of operation is based on inhibition of the bacterial enzyme DNA gyrase, which leads to disruption of DNA synthesis, and inhibits the growth of bacteria .  Upon receiving the oral formulations of the drug Ciprofloxacin maximum drug concentration in the blood observed after 90 minutes .  Bioavailability - 50-85% .  The distribution of the drug in tissues and organs: a high content of the drug is observed in bone tissue, bronchial secretions, muscle, ocular fluid, liver, gall bladder, kidney, prostate, lung, ovary, endometrium and fallopian tubes .  The half-life - 4-5 hours, the drug appears in the urine .  With the defeat of the kidney and renal failure half-life is increased .  Some of the drug is excreted through the intestines (30%) .  Ciprofloxacin is available in tablet form, as a solution, a concentrate for eye drops .

Indications:

Ciprofloxacin is effective in infectious diseases of the digestive tract, hepato-duodenal area, bronchial and lung infections, diseases of the upper respiratory tract inflammatory genesis. Highly effective meningitis , Infections of the urogenital system, with gonococcal infection , In lesions of the skin, musculoskeletal system. Indicated for the treatment of infectious diseases in cancer patients.

Contraindications:

Ciprofloxacin is contraindicated during breast-feeding, pregnancy, the drug should not be prescribed to children, adolescents, and with a history of hypersensitivity to fluoroquinolones.

Side effect:

Digestive system : Dyspepsia, retching, epigastric pain and diarrhea. Nervous system : Sleep disturbances, increased drowsiness, headache, dizziness. The urinary system : The appearance of protein in the urine, dysuria . polyuria . Blood-forming organs:   reduction in the number of eosinophils, white blood cells, expressed thrombocytopenia . Cardiovascular system : Arrhythmia, drop in blood pressure tachycardia . There have been cases of allergic reactions to the drug (such as skin manifestations, and more serious until angioedema ). With prolonged use of the drug Ciprofloxacin possible violation of microflora and development candidiasis .

Mode of application:

Tablet form : In uncomplicated urinary tract pathology, renal, respiratory, administered 250 mg. More severe cases require a doubling of the dose. In the treatment of gonorrhea take Ciprofloxacin single 250 or 500 mg. In gynecology, diseases of the digestive system: twice daily 500 mg. Tablets are taken on an empty stomach, drinking plenty of fluids. In the pathology of renal drug dosage reduced by half. The average course of therapy - 1 week. Solutions for injections   injected 200 mg - 30 minutes, 400 mg - 1 hour. Allowed to mix at 0, 9% sodium chloride, Ringer's solution. Therapy of acute gonorrhea requires a single injection of 1000 mg of drug. Eye drops : Instilled into the conjunctival sac of 1-2 drops every 4 hours. When the positive dynamics gradually reduce the dose, reduce the number of injections per day.

Special instructions:

During treatment should refrain from managing complex mechanisms driving and other activities requiring enhanced concentration. Exclusively for health Ciprofloxacin should be used with a history of convulsive states and epilepsy , Cerebrovascular diseases and organic lesions of the CNS. If you have complications of the musculoskeletal system (pain in the muscles and tendons), should refrain from further administration of the drug, as there are cases of tendon rupture associated with taking fluoroquinolones. During therapy antibacterial drug is recommended to increase the intake of fluids and avoid direct sunlight.

Drug Interactions:

Simultaneous treatment with antacids slows the absorption of the drug Ciprofloxacin. The minimum recommended interval between doses of drugs - 4 hours. Ciprofloxacin potentiate nephrotoxic effects cyclosporine . Receiving theophylline   and ciprofloxacin increases period of excretion of theophylline, contributes to the accumulation of the latter in the blood plasma and can lead to overdose, intoxication.