March 8, 2013
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Fever in children
In children, the body temperature rises in a variety of diseases. It is a symptom of this is one of the most important in a number of ailments. The fact that fever is a protective and adaptive response of the body, which appears as a response to the action of a variety of pathogenic stimuli. In such situations, in the body there is a reorganization of thermoregulation. Fever will activate immune protection Because at the high temperature increases the synthesis of interferon antibody response is stimulated, differentiated lymphocytes . At elevated temperatures, there is no fast multiplication of viruses and microorganisms.
It should be noted that fever and fever Overtemperature - two fundamentally different phenomena. Overheating of the child can occur when significantly increases the ambient temperature, where it is, if there is an active work of muscles, etc. If the child is overheated, in his organism is still present on the thermoregulatory center of the installation is to normalize the temperature. At the same time the center of thermoregulation at a fever set out to deliberately restructure the body to maintain a higher temperature. Therefore, the symptoms that are observed when overheating occurs in children, may differ from fevers.
Fever occurs in a child due to a variety of reasons. In most cases, the temperature is increased during the development of infectious diseases, particularly when SARS . Fever, which has infectious origin, as designated above, developed under the influence of bacteria, viruses, and their decay products. Fever, which is non-infectious character can be shown as a consequence of a variety of reasons. It can be central (with hemorrhage, trauma, brain tumors) reflexive (pain at urolithiasis ) psychogenic (a manifestation of mental disorders and emotional stress) resorptive (the development of necrosis, bruises, aseptic inflammation); endocrine (hyperthyroidism) origin. In addition, this reaction can occur as a response to the intake of medicinal drugs.
Fever in children is different for at one and the same level of hyperthermia. If heat production corresponds to heat transfer, it is possible to say that the child has a fever occurs on the adequacy and it feels relatively normal. If the skin feels warm, moist and pink, in this case it appears the so-called pink fever. At the same time accept funds that have the effect of antipyretic, is not necessary. This baby fever cease with the termination of the acute period of the underlying disease.
If there is increased heat production, and thus the heat transfer due to the inadequacy of circulatory disorders, the prognosis in this case is unfavorable. When this condition is marked pale skin, shivering, acrocyanosis, a child grow cold feet and hands. So appears the white fever in children. This requires urgent treatment of children's fever using antipyretics, and antihistamines and vasodilators.
Other types of fever
Hemorrhagic fever It is a viral disease in which manifested toxemia, fever, hemorrhagic syndrome. Infection disease occurs during a tick bite, and people in contact with rodents and dirty objects. Symptoms of the disease are fever, weakness, dizziness, muscle pain, subcutaneous and internal bleeding.
Another type of hemorrhagic fever - Mouse fever At which a renal syndrome. It is a viral disease that can be contracted by inhalation of dust. The name appeared in connection with the fact that the original product, through which consumption and infected people infected secretions rodents. In this state, the child's body temperature rises to 40 ° C and above. Other symptoms of the disease - a fever, vomiting, nausea, headache, bleeding from the gums and nose. Symptoms disappear after 4 days, but after that a person develops renal failure . This is the most formidable symptom as kidney disease can lead to death.
If the increase in temperature of the patient is the only or the main symptom, and thus it is impossible to determine a diagnosis, it is a fever of unknown origin a. In this state, the patient noted the temperature of 38 ° C and above, and the fever there is a long - lasting more than three weeks, and the body temperature rises periodically. In this case, more research is needed to determine features of the human condition as a fever of unknown origin is a diagnosis of exclusion.
Fever often occurs as a consequence of a child Vaccination . After the vaccine is produced in the body of the baby a certain amount antibodies . And fever - it is a normal reaction to the active work of the immune system.
Pharmaceutical care for fever
But regardless of which body temperature is observed in a child antipyretic medicines should not be taken rates, several times a day as this can complicate diagnosis. Therefore, the dose of the drug must be taken when the temperature of the child rises again to the critical point. The basis for the treatment of fever in children still must always be the treatment of the underlying disease, which provoked an increase in temperature.
Choosing antipyretic drug that can be used to treat a child, be sure to consider how safe a vehicle, as well as whether it is convenient to use for young children.
The most effective and commonly used are analgesics, antipyretics. However, for children such drugs are not always safe. For example, there are studies that suggest that treatment acetylsalicylic acid may cause Reye's syndrome . Also aspirin It increases the probability of gastrointestinal inflammation, blood clotting, and also has a negative impact on the body of newborn children. Therefore, aspirin is not recommended for use To treat children who are under 12 years old. Also, the side effects observed with the use of medicines to treat children Nimesulide (Nise and NIMULID) analgene .
Doctors say that the most safe for the treatment of fever in children are drugs paracetamol and Ibuprofen . These tools can be used with babies of the first months of life.
Typically, in infectious diseases child temperature rises 3-4 times a day for the first day or two of illness. Then it happens rarely. The duration of the total febrile period can sometimes last for about a week, if a child is sick flu . adenovirus . enterovirus fever .
If your child is showing signs of white fever need not delay, call an ambulance. Furthermore antipyretic in case the child should be given drugs having a vasodilating effect. It Nospanum . papaverine . droperidol .
Non-pharmacological care
As a physical cooling methods used wet wiping. A sick child should be open and wiping water having room temperature. It is also practiced by sponging with vodka (40% alcohol), vinegar (9% vinegar, half diluted with water). It must be remembered that the vodka and vinegar, you can not wipe the area of the face, genitals, nipples, as well as the places where there are wounds, pimples. If the skin of the child's injuries and no diaper rash, you can make Acetic wrap. The vinegar solution moistened diaper and it turns into a baby's body. In this neck of the child need to wrap a dry diaper to prevent the inhalation of fumes of vinegar, and genital and nipple cover napkins. Wrapping repeated if necessary in half an hour.
To remove the temperature can also apply a cold, where there are large vessels - in the armpits, hollows under the collarbone, in the groin, and on the forehead and neck. This may be a damp cold compress, cold water bottle. Thus it is necessary to drink a liquid at room temperature. However, using all the methods described above, it is imperative to see to it that the child does not supercool.
But keep in mind that when a child chill cold can not be applied strictly. A sick child need a good shelter, the feet can make a hot water bottle, a baby should drink only heated liquid.
If the child's body temperature does not exceed 38 C, and at the same time he feels relatively well, it is limited only to the abundant drinking. It may be acidic fruit drinks, fruit drinks, warm water. It is desirable to limit the physical activity. If the evening temperature of the child rises sharply, it is advisable to give it antipyretic drugs.
The temperature is not necessary to force the child to eat much. The menu should be liquid soups, low-fat boiled dishes. If the child is asleep, it is not recommended to wake up to give the medicine. It was a dream of his body the most intense fighting the disease.
Overheating of the child
The first signs of heat stroke is high anxiety, vomiting, severe headaches. Further, increased body temperature, pale skin, it gets hot and dry to the touch. Sometimes a child can lose consciousness. In severe heat stroke the body temperature may rise to 41-42 degrees.
In direct sunlight the child can get sunstroke Whose symptoms are nausea, weakness, shortness of breath, facial redness. In this state, the body temperature also increases. Later, the child may appear hallucinations, delusions, he might lose consciousness. If assistance is not provided on time, could stop breathing and heart.
Furthermore, the child overheating can occur due to other factors that disturb sweating. This is a long stay in a warm humid place, sleep in a bed that is close near the heat source, the clothes out of season, and others.
If overheating is first necessary to terminate the heat on the child's body, moving it in the shade or in a cool place. The injured child should be put in a horizontal position, cover his head with a cloth dampened with cold water. Tight clothing should be unbutton and undress to the waist of the child victim.
If the consciousness of a child is preserved, and there are only the initial symptoms of heat stroke, it should be given plenty of drink. For this purpose glucose-saline solution . To cook it, you need to be dissolved in one liter of water half a teaspoon of salt and soda and two tablespoons of sugar.
To reduce high body temperature which has arisen due to overheating, it is necessary to wipe the baby's skin to cold water until the body temperature drops to 3 8, 5 ° C .
It is important to avoid prolonged exposure to heat in the body of the baby. Therefore, it is not recommended to walk with your child during the peak heat of summer baby need to wear a panama hat or clothing should be light and natural. The heat necessary to give the child about twice more fluid than in ordinary days.
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