Scientists have told us what the men raped their wives

According to US researchers, every fifth resident of the United States, unmarried, suffered during sexual intercourse due to the fault despotic husband. How to recognize a home sadist in advance, even before the wedding, the staff of the University of Michigan told the magazine «American Board of family Medicine».

Violence Women

Every year in the United States, doctors recorded about 320 thousand cases violence against women Suffering through the fault of regular sexual partners. At the same time about 1,200 victims are killed by their husbands.

To avoid the sad fate, experts advise to girls as early as possible to meet their family's choices. If the parents of the man often quarrel and swear, splashing out anger on others, it is possible that he will practice the exact same model of relations, forcing relatives to suffer.

Another factor provoking sexual violence at the stronger sex, - the use of drugs. The most unexpected is the cause of abuse of wives began insomnia and irritable bowel syndrome - these diagnoses did the behavior of the spouses is much more aggressive.

For reference:
These researchers obtained data by conducting a survey of respondents of both sexes. (READ MORE)

Psychology

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Teenage alcoholism harms memory

Teens who are fond of beer and other alcoholic beverages, serious harm to his memory, as the experts found out. Research has shown that alcohol causes damage to important parts of the brain of young people.

The use of large quantities of alcohol in a short period of time can lead not only attack on the liver but also abnormalities in brain activity . From teenage alcoholism   suffers from the hippocampus - a part of the limbic system of the brain, which is involved in the mechanisms of emotion and transition to long-term memory.

Teenage Alcoholism   It can lead to systematic memory loss   in later years and the emergence of persistent forgetfulness. That is the conclusion reached by researchers from the Institute The Scripps Research in California, which traced the impact of large doses of alcohol on rhesus monkeys.

The researchers gave the monkeys a significant amount of alcohol over a short period of time, and two months later analyzed disorders of the   their of the brain .

It was found that the brains of macaques drinkers produces fewer cells and more suffer from damage to the hippocampus than those monkeys that were in the control group and did not use alcohol. Scientists believe that a similar effect is excessive doses of alcohol have on the adolescent brain.

"Level teenage alcoholism   growing, and our animal studies have shown that adolescence is the most sensitive to the damaging effects of alcohol on the brain, "- said study author Dr. Chitra Mandi.

Healthy Child

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8 signs of alcoholism

He says that everything is in control, drink only on holidays, and quite a bit, but you do not want to believe him. How do you determine what your spouse, friend or relative has passed the dangerous brink of separating moderate alcohol consumption and a disease called alcoholism?

According to official statistics, in the UK alone every 13th inhabitant has classic signs of alcoholism . This means that from a severe addiction, destroys health and family life, suffering 3, 7 million people. Russian figures, alas, is much worse. In his new book, Bottled Up ("Bottle to the bottom"), well-known psychologist and family therapist Lou Lewis (she lived with her husband, an alcoholic 20 years, until he died of cancer) explains how to determine the degree of enthusiasm drink your partner.

Few of alcoholics have the courage to admit their weaknesses. Most argue that control their behavior and drink as much "as needed." Here are some signs of alcoholism Which indicate that alcohol becomes your loved one serious problem:

1. He resorted to drinking as a means to relieve stress after a failure at work, in school or at home.

2. It may appear drunk where it is prohibited. For example, while driving or at school children.

3. He has already been in trouble with the law (police detained / police) because of drinking.

4. He continues to lean on alcohol, despite the current social or personal problems.

5. He needed a drink to remove the symptoms of "withdrawal".

6. A significant amount of time people spend on the production of alcohol, its reception and recovery administration.

7. "smell" appear almost every day, although the strong intoxication unavailable.

8. He constantly lying about how much he drank and when.

These signs of alcoholism It tells you that the time to act. Your close already passed the dangerous brink, and now we need to take measures to dependence is not turned into alcoholism protracted hard drinking and other "charms".

Treatment and prevention

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Does honey for sore throat?

With angina trifled with. If it is run, it is inevitable various complications such as inflammation of the middle ear. But if in the treatment rely on ready medicaments, a risk of drug allergy or other reaction. How to be?

According to doctors, treatment of angina   It must be a serious and thorough. The disease is similar to the common cold, they have similar symptoms: fatigue, chills, headache, sore throat. However, even if the cold can be transferred to the legs, the angina such "feats" does not forgive. Many doctors recommend use in this disease, not only drugs but also aids the arsenal of home. The most important of the degree of their use and effectiveness of the treatment of angina and business experts call honey.

Recall that the sore throat is a bacterial or viral .  In the latter case, angina cause the same viruses as the common cold, and it is believed that these diseases have no effective therapies .  However, in practice, the honey helps with angina shorten the duration of illness .  It is also proved that honey contains components that effectively destroys streptococci - gnoynikovyh pathogens infections, bacterial tonsillitis so when this product is simply irreplaceable .  It activates the blood flow through the capillaries, has antibacterial, bactericidal, anti-inflammatory action, has a tonic and tonic effect of the action on the human body .  To use honey to treat sore throats, it is helpful to eat a few teaspoons a day, so that it enveloped the back of the throat .  In addition, honey can be added to warm tea to soothe a sore throat .  However, we must remember that children under one year should never be given honey due to the possible presence of endospores, which can cause botulism .

To treat a sore throat, you can use other means of traditional medicine, for example, gargle decoction of chamomile, calendula and other herbs.

Recipes with honey to treat sore throats:

1. Doctors recommend angina ancient gargle decoction of honey with the juice of green walnut shells. You need to make a glass of boiling water 1-2 tablespoons green crusts walnuts and cook on low heat for 20 minutes with honey or sugar. Dilute 1 teaspoon in 1 cup of tea 3-4 times per day.
2. When angina, chronic tonsillitis, diseases of the tongue, gums do well rinsing with 30% aqueous solution of honey 3-4 times a day - it kills many germs. When these diseases, as well as lesions of the respiratory tract is recommended to keep the honey in the mouth until it dissolves (1 teaspoon 5-6 times a day).
3. 1 tablespoon butter mixed with the same amount of honey, add soda pinch and heat the mixture to foam. It should be drunk in the form of heat.

Healthy eating

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Prothionamide

Description overdue on 25.05.2012

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Anti-TB drugs.   Active substance emionamidu close to their chemical structure. The mechanism of action is based on blocking the process of synthesizing mikolievyh acids , Which represent essential component of structure of cell wall causative agent of tuberculosis - mycobacteria. Prothionamide possess antagonist properties of nicotinic acid. High doses of the drug can interfere with the process of synthesizing a protein in a cell mycobacteria. The drug is bacteriostatic influence against intracellular microorganisms extracellularly located on breeding Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including drug influences the atypical forms. Complete cross-resistance observed between the drugs and protionamid ethionamide. The medicament is issued in the form of tablets.

Indications:

Prothionamide prescribed for tuberculosis: extrapulmonary, pulmonary form, ulcerative, infiltrative and exudative processes. The drug is prescribed for sustainability microflora to first-line anti-TB facilities, as well as registration of their poor tolerability.

Contraindications:

Prothionamide do not appoint at pregnancy, acute form of gastritis, cirrhosis , Of peptic ulcer disease the digestive system, when ulcerative colitis . In severe renal pathology system in diabetes   Prothionamide used with caution.

Side effect:

Endocrine system:   gynecomastia, hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes, reduced potency, hypothyroidism . dysmenorrhea . The digestive tract:   "Metallic" taste in the mouth, diarrhea, disorders of the hepatic system, vomiting, hyperptyalism Nausea. Nervous system : Anxiety, depression, insomnia, drowsiness,   peripheral neuropathy , Paresthesia, fatigue, headache, agitation, optic neuritis. Cardiovascular system:   orthostatic form of hypotension, weakness, tachycardia. Available rashes, allergic reactions.

Mode of application:

Prothionamide taken after a meal inside. The daily dosage for adults is 0, 5-1 gram, taking in three steps. Therapy begins with 250 mg per day with gradual increase in the daily dose of 250 mg. Patients weighing less than 50 kg and the elderly over 60 years Prothionamide administered 250 mg twice a day, and the daily dose should not exceed 750 mg. The duration of therapy is designed for 8-9 months. For children the dose is calculated according to the scheme of 10-20 mg / kg per day.

Special instructions:

TB treatment drug Prothionamide begins after determining the sensitivity of microorganisms. The dose is calculated based on the tolerance and individual characteristics of the organism. Requires monthly control over the functioning of the hepatic system.

Drug Interactions:

The concentration of the drug Prothionamide increases while the body is isoniazid . The drug is compatible with TB drugs, cycloserine, pyrazinamide , Isoniazid.

Amitriptyline

Description overdue on 22.09.2012

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Tricyclic antidepressants . It has an additional analgesic effect of central origin. The drug reduces appetite and eliminates bedwetting urinating, has antiserotoninovoe action.   The drug has a pronounced central and peripheral anticholinergic effects. Antidepresivny effect   It is achieved by increasing the concentration of serotonin in the nervous system and norepinephrine in synapses. Long-term therapy is to decrease the functional activity of serotonin and beta-adrenergic receptors in the brain. Amitriptyline reduces the severity of depressive symptoms, agitation , When anxiety anxiety-depressive states . By blocking H2 histamine receptors in the stomach wall (parietal cells) provided antiulcer effects. The drug is able to reduce body temperature, blood pressure during general anesthesia. The drug does not inhibit monoamine oxidase. The antidepressant effect is manifested after 3 weeks of therapy. Amitriptyline is released in a tablet dosage form, capsules, solution, dragee.

Indications:

Amitriptyline prescribed for depression   (agitation, anxiety, sleep disorders, alcohol withdrawal, with organic brain lesions, neurotic abstinence), in violation of the behavior of mixed emotional disorders, nocturnal enuresis , Chronic pain (for cancer pathology at postherpetic neuralgia ), Bulimia nervosa, migraine (for prevention), ulcerative lesions of the digestive system.

Contraindications:

Amitriptyline does not apply in myocardial infarction, hypersensitive to the main component, with angle-closure glaucoma Acute intoxication psychoactive, analgesic, hypnotic in acute alcohol intoxication. The drug is contraindicated in breast-feeding, severe intraventricular conduction disorders, antioventrikulyarnoy conductivity. In the pathology of the cardiovascular system, with inhibition of bone marrow hematopoiesis, affective insanity , Asthma, chronic alcoholism, reducing motor function of the digestive system, stroke, liver disease and kidney failure, ocular hypertension , Urinary retention, prostatic hyperplasia, bladder hypotension, thyrotoxicosis, pregnancy, epilepsy   Amitriptyline is used with caution.

Side effect:

Nervous system:   agitation, hallucinations, disorientation , Fainting, fatigue, drowsiness, restlessness, hypomania, increased depression, depersonalization, restlessness, increased seizures, extrapyramidal syndrome , Ataxia, myoclonus, paresthesia in the form peripheral neuropathy, tremor of the petty musculature, headaches. Anticholinergic effects:   increased intraocular pressure, blurred vision, mydriasis, dry mouth, tachycardia , Difficulty urinating, paralytic ileus, delirium, sputannosti of consciousness, decreased sweating. Cardiovascular system:   unstable blood pressure, intraventricular conduction disorders , Arrhythmia, orthostatic hypotension , Dizziness, palpitations, tachycardia. The digestive tract:   darkening of the tongue, diarrhea, change in taste perception, vomiting, heartburn , Gastralgia, hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice.   Endocrine system:   galactorrhea, hyperglycemia, reduced potency or increased libido, increase the size of breasts, gynecomastia, testicular swelling, syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone, hyponatremia. It is also noted hypoproteinemia , Pollakiuria, urinary retention, swollen lymph nodes, hyperpyrexia, swelling, tinnitus, hair loss. In case of cancellation of the drug observed unusual excitement, insomnia, malaise, headache, diarrhea, nausea, abnormal dreams, restlessness, irritability . When administered intravenously, it noted a burning sensation, lymphangitis, thrombophlebitis, allergic response.

Overdose:

Manifestations from Nervous System : Coma, stupor, excessive sleepiness, anxiety, hallucinations, ataxia, epileptic syndrome, choreoathetosis , Hyperreflexia, ataxophemia , Rigidity muscle tissue, sputannosti of consciousness, disorientation, violations of of concentration of attention, psychomotor agitation. Manifestations of overdose drug Amitriptyline from Cardiovascular : Violation of intracardiac conduction, arrhythmia, tachycardia, drop in blood pressure, shock, heart failure Rarely - cardiac arrest. It is also noted anuria , Oliguria, increased sweating, hyperthermia , Vomiting, shortness of breath, oppression work of of the respiratory system, cyanosis. It requires emergency gastric lavage, administration of cholinesterase inhibitors at the expressed anticholinergic manifestations. It also requires the maintenance of water and electrolyte balance, blood pressure, control over the work of the cardiovascular system, resuscitation and anticonvulsant activities, if necessary. Forced diuresis And hemodialysis has not proven effective in overdose Amitriptyline.

Mode of application:

The drug is taken orally immediately after meals, not liquid, which provides the least irritation of the stomach wall. The initial dose - 25-50 mg at night for adults. During 5- days amount of formulation Amitriptyline increased until 200mg in day in 3 admission. If no effect within two weeks the dose was increased to 300 mg. The solutions were administered slowly intravenously and intramuscularly, 20-40 mg 4 times a day with a gradual transition to oral. The course of treatment - no more than 8 months. When prolonged headaches, migraines, chronic pain of neurogenic origin, migraine appoint 12 5-100mg day.

Special instructions:

Before the therapy required level control blood pressure. Amitriptyline parenterally administered only under medical supervision in a hospital. In the first days of treatment must be bed rest. It requires complete rejection of reception of ethanol. Sharp rejection of the therapy may cause syndrome "cancel" . The medicament in a dose of 150mg per day lower the threshold for seizure activity that is important to consider in the development of epileptic seizures in patients with predisposition. Perhaps the development of hypomanic or mania   at persons of with cyclic, affective disorders during a depressive phase of. If necessary, treatment renew with small doses after cupping of specified states. Care must be taken in the treatment of persons taking drugs thyroid hormones in patients with hyperthyroidism because of possible risk of cardiotoxicity. The drug can trigger the development of paralytic ileus in the elderly, as well as prone to chronic constipation. It is mandatory to alert anesthesiologists for admission amitriptyline before the local or general anesthesia. Prolonged therapy provokes caries . May increase the need for riboflavin. Amitriptyline passes into breast milk in infants causes increased drowsiness. The drug affects the control of motor vehicles.

Drug Interactions:

The hypotensive effect, respiratory depression , A depressing effect on the nervous system is observed with a joint appointment of drugs that inhibit the work of the central nervous system: General anesthetics, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, antidepressants and others. The drug increases the severity of the effect of anticholinergic while taking amantadine, antihistamines , Biperiden, atropine, antiparkinsonian, phenothiazines. The drug increases the anticoagulant activity indadiona, coumarin derivatives, indirect anticoagulants. There is a decrease of efficiency alpha-blockers , Phenytoin. Fluvoxamine, fluoxetine   increase the concentration of drug in the blood. The risk of seizures increases, as well as enhanced central anticholinergic and sedative action in co-therapy with benzodiazepines, phenothiazines, holinoblokatorami. Simultaneous reception   methyldopa , Of reserpine, betanidina, guanetidina, of clonidine reduces the severity of of their the hypotensive of influence. When cocaine is developing an arrhythmia. Delirium develops when receiving atsetaldegidrogenazy inhibitors, disulfiram. Amitriptyline increases the impact on the cardiovascular system phenylephrine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, isoprenaline. The risk increases with hyperpyrexia receiving antipsychotics, Mr. holinoblokatorov.

Amelotex

Description overdue on 06/10/2014

• Latin name: Amelotex
• ATC code: M01AC06
• Active substance: Meloxicam (Meloxicam)
• Manufacturer: PharmFirma Sotex, JSC (Russia)

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• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications Amelotex
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Instructions for use Amelotex
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Cautions
• Analogs
• Babies
• During pregnancy (and lactation)
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

One ampoule contains Amelotex:

• active ingredient - meloxicam   - 15 mg;
• excipients - glikofurfurola   - 150 mg; meglumine   - 9, 375 mg; glycerol   - 7. 5 mg; poloxamer - 75 mg; sodium chloride   - 4, 5 mg; sodium hydroxide   - To pH 8, 2-8, 9; water - up to 1, 5 ml.

One tablet contains Amelotex:

• active ingredient - meloxicam - 7, 5 mg or 15 mg per dosage depending;
• excipients - MCC   - 57 6/55 8 mg; lactose monohydrate - 76, 92/71, 22 mg; sodium citrate -18 Mg; crospovidone   -10, 8 mg; povidone   -5, 4 mg; colloidal silica -1, 44 mg; magnesium stearate   2, 34 mg.

Product form

Injections Amelotex   in the form of a solution for intramuscular injection is a clear liquid yellow-green color from colorless glass ampoules:

• Three such vials in Valium planimetric package, one or two such packages in a carton box;
• five vials of Valium planimetric in packaging; one, two or four such packing in a cardboard package.

Tablets Amelotex   biconvex, round, scored from one side, light yellow or light yellow-green color, there may be a light roughness. Ten of these tablets Valium planimetric package, one or two such packages in a carton box.

Pharmacological action

The drug has analgesic, antipyretic   and inflammatory action .

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Pharmacodynamics

Meloxicam   refers to NSAIDs That have analgesic, antipyretic   and anti-inflammatory   action.

Anti-inflammatory   effects associated with inhibition of activity Cyclooxygenase-2 Involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins   in inflammatory foci. To a lesser extent the drug has an effect on cyclooxygenase-1 Also involved in the biosynthesis prostaglandin Protecting the lining of the digestive tract and contributing to the regulation of blood flow in the kidney.
Meloxicam   It refers to the group oxycam ; chemically - derived enolievoy acid.

Pharmacokinetics

Intramuscular injection of the drug binds to plasma proteins by 98%. It penetrates all tissue barriers and penetrates into the joint fluid. The concentration in the synovial fluid reaches 50% of the maximum plasma concentration.

Excreted through the kidneys and intestines equally as metabolites. In its original form through the intestine stands up to 5% of the daily dose of the drug in the urine in unchanged form   meloxicam   almost no output. The half-life of 15-19 hours. Plasma clearance   - 8 ml / min. Clearance   the drug is slowed in patients older than 50 years. Renal   or hepatic failure   moderately severe effect on the pharmacokinetics of the drug has not.

Pills. The drug is rapidly absorbed from the intestine, the absolute bioavailability - 89%. Reception, together with the food does not change adsorption. When using the drug orally in doses of 15 and 7, 5 mg of blood levels are proportional. Meloxicam   completely metabolized in the liver, resulting in up to four may be formed of inert derivatives. The main metabolite, 5-karboksimeloksikam formed by oxidation 5 gidroksimetilmeloksikama . The production of the other two derivatives is involved peroxidase .

Indications Amelotex

Indications Amelotex:

• rheumatoid arthritis ;
• osteoarthritis ;
• ankylosing spondylitis ;
• degenerative and inflammatory diseases of the joints, with accompanying pain (solution for intramuscular injection).

Amelotex for symptomatic treatment, relief of pain and inflammation during use, on the development of the disease is not affected.

Contraindications

Amelotex has the following contraindications:

• allergy   any of the components of the formulation;
• heart failure   decompensated;
• convalescence after coronary artery bypass grafting ;
• mix (complete or incomplete) recurrent polyposis paranasal sinuses and nose, asthma   and hypersensitivity   to acetylsalicylic acid E and other NSAIDs ;
• erosive and ulcerative changes in the mucosa of the stomach or duodenum, gastrointestinal bleeding;
• cerebrovascular bleeding;
• severe hepatic insufficiency ;
• inflammatory bowel disease (e.g. ulcerative colitis );
• severe renal insufficiency And one renal failure;
• lactation;
• pregnancy;
• deficit lactose Intolerance lactose   or syndrome galactose malabsorption glucose   (pills);
• age less than 15 years.

C care to apply: to reduce the risk of side effects should be the minimum effective dose in the most short-course   coronary heart disease . Heart Failure   congestive, cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes . hyperlipidemia,   smoking, peripheral arterial disease, creatinine clearance less than 60 ml / min, ulcerative lesions of the digestive system in history, in old age, the presence of Helicobacter pylori , Chronic administration of other NSAIDs, alcohol abuse, concomitant therapy with drugs listed below: anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents,   Oral glucocorticosteroid agents, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor ( fluoxetine . citalopram   and others).

Side effects

From the digestive system: more than 1% of cases - dyspepsia , Including nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea ; 0, 1-1% in sluchaev- hyperbilirubinemia,   a temporary increase hepatic transaminases . gastroduodenal ulcer . esophagitis , Bleeding from the digestive tract, stomatitis ; less than 0, 1% - perforation, hepatitis . colitis . gastritis .

Skin: more than 1% of cases - pruritus, rash; 0, 1-1% of cases - hives ; less than 0, 1% - bullous rash, photosensitivity, Stevens-Johnson syndrome .

From the hematopoietic system: more than 1% of cases - reduced hemoglobin; 0, 1-1% of cases - leukopenia, thrombocytopenia .

With the respiratory system: Less than 0, 1% - bronchospasm .

From the nervous system: more than 1% of cases - dizziness, headache; 0, 1-1% of cases - vertigo , Drowsiness; less than 0, 1% - disorientation, confusion.

Since the cardiovascular system: more than 1% of cases - swelling; 0, 1-1% - high blood pressure . heartbeat , Redness of the face.

With the genitourinary system: 0, 1-1% of cases - hypercreatininemia ; less than 0, 1% - renal failure .

From the upper respiratory tract: less than 0, 1% - blurred vision, conjunctivitis .

From the immunity Less than 0, 1% - angioedema . anaphylactic reactions .

Instructions for use Amelotex

Instructions for use Amelotex (injections for intramuscular injection)

Intramuscular - 7, 5-15 mg per day. If the kidney function ( creatinine clearance   & gt; 25 ml / min) and liver at steady state dose correction is not performed. The initial dose in patients with an increased risk of side effects - 7 5 mg per day.

The maximum daily dose of medication Amelotex - 15 mg.

Instructions on pills Amelotex

Taken orally once a day with meals.

• With rheumatoid arthritis 15 mg per day. Depending on the therapeutic effect of the dosage can be reduced to 7, 5 mg per day.
• With osteoarthritis 7 and 5 mg per day. The dose may be increased to 15 mg per day for inefficiency.
• With ankylosing spondylitis 15 mg per day.

The maximum daily dose - 15 mg.

In patients with an increased risk of side effects, severe renal insufficiency Passing hemodialysis   dose should not be more than 7, 5 mg per day.

Overdose

Symptoms of overdose include nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, hepatic failure , Bleeding from the digestive tract, renal failure, sleep apnea, asystole .

Treatment of overdose: a unique antidote to Amelotex not; you must perform gastric lavage, then welcome Activated Carbon , Symptomatic treatment. Kolestiramin   activates drug excretion from the body. Hemodialysis   and forced diuresis   ineffective.

Cooperation

At simultaneous reception:

• from Abciximab, aspirin, warfarin, heparin, Dalteporinom Nart   increased risk of bleeding;
• from Acebutolol, hydrochlorothiazide, captopril, lisinopril, moexipril, perindopril, timolol   attenuated hypotensive effect ;
• with others NSAIDs   dramatically increases the risk of severe side effects.

Terms of sale

Throughout available on medical prescription.

Storage conditions

Keep away from children. Store in a dark, dry place at a temperature of 25 degrees.

Shelf life

Three years.

Cautions

Be careful when taking the drug by persons who have suffered in the past duodenal ulcer   and stomach As well as those passing on anticoagulant therapy . These people increase the risk of ulcerative erosive complications.

You should also monitor the functional state when using the drug elderly people with chronic cardiac insufficiency . cirrhosis   liver.

For people undergoing hemodialysis Daily dose to be not higher than 7, 5 mg.

If persistent increase transaminases and other violations of liver function is recommended to carry out drug control tests and cancel the drug.

Makers together meloxicam   and   diuretics Must consume sufficient liquid.

If, during any therapy Amelotex allergic reactions , You must stop using the drug.

Application meloxicam   and other means of blocking the biosynthesis prostaglandins May affect the fertility , Therefore intake of these funds is not recommended for women who are planning a pregnancy.

It is recommended to give up driving and occupation, requiring concentration, for the duration of treatment, as it may cause dizziness and headaches.

Analogs Amelotex

Match code ATC 4th level:

• Lornoxicam
• Teksamen
• Artrozan
• Movalis
• Meloxicam
• Ksefokam
• Revmoksikam

Analogs Amelotex fairly common and well known: Artrozan, Matara, meloxicam Meloxicam Pfizer, Movalis, Movasin, Oksikamoks .

Babies

The drug is banned for use to persons under 15 years of age.

During pregnancy and lactation

The drug is banned for pregnant. nursing mothers and women planning pregnancy.

Reviews Amelotex

Reviews Amelotex tablets, as well as reviews injections Amelotex extremely ambiguous.

Along with reports of excellent analgesic effect found negative assessment of the drug because of side effects or lack of efficacy (due to individual resistance).

Price Amelotex

In Russia, the price Amelotex 15 mg (20 tablets) is 120-133 rubles, and 3 vials of 10 mg of the drug will cost 290-330 rubles. In Ukraine, the drug in tablets of 15 mg (20 pieces) can be bought for 75-86 hryvnia, the price shots Amelotex (3 ampoules) - 170-175 hryvnia.

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Pangrol

Description overdue on 02/09/2014

• Latin name: Pangrol
• ATC code: A09AA02
• Active substance: Pancreatin (Pancreatin)
• Manufacturer: Berlin-Chemie AG / Menarini Group (Germany)

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• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Instructions for use Pangrola 10000 (method and dosage)
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Cautions
• Analogs
• Babies
• During pregnancy (and lactation)
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

In one enteric capsule preparation Pangrol 10000   contains mini-tablets covered with a special membrane, as part of the core containing 153 mg 5. of the active component, either pancreatin.

In addition to the drug present in the composition of such ancillary items as: magnesium stearate   (0, 84 mg.)   Croscarmellose sodium   (5, 1 mg.), hydrogenated castor oil   (1, 7 mg.), colloidal anhydrous silicon dioxide   (0, 84 mg.) And microcellulose   (8, 5 mg.).

The shell of enteric minitablets contained in capsules Pangrola 10000 It consists of a mixture of compounds such as: talc   (5 mg.), 30% ethyl acrylate copolymer dispersion and   methacrylic acid   in a ratio of 1: 1 (25 mg.) triethylcitrate   (2, 5 mg.), 30% simethicone emulsion as dry weight   (0, 01 mg.).

The composition of the body and cap of the capsule consists of the following chemicals: gelatin, titanium dioxide and dyes such as the indigo carmine, Yellow and red iron oxide, and   E104   ( quinoline yellow ).

The chemical composition of a single enteric capsules Pangrol 25000 contains mini-tablet with 356 mg of 1. pancreatin. AT drug core composition contains auxiliary components such as: microcellulose   (19, 7 mg.), sodium croscarmellose (11, 8 mg.) silica   (1, 97 mg.) magnesium stearate   (1, 97 mg.) And hydrogenated castor oil   (3, 96 mg.).

Sheath minitablets is a mixture of the following components: talc   (11, 6 mg.) 30% copolymer dispersion   (in the ratio 1: 1) methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate (57: 9 mg.) triethylcitrate   (5, 8 mg.) 30% dry simethicone emulsion   (0, 03 mg.).

As part of the lid and body enteric capsules Pangrol 25000   contains the following components: titanium dioxide, gelatin and dyes   ( indigo carmine, iron oxide   yellow and red, as well as   quinoline yellow ).

As part of a single tablet Pangrola 20000   contains pancreatin And lactulose monohydrate, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), crospovidone, silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, a copolymer of methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, simethicone emulsion, talc, Macrogol 6000, polysorbate 80 and sodium carboxymethylcellulose.

Composition three dosage forms of the drug capsules Pangrol 10000 . Pangrol 25000 And tablets Pangrol 20000   different rates of minimum activity of such active compound components of the active compound such as: Protease   (500 IU, 1250 IU and 900 IU) lipase   (10,000 IU, 25,000 IU and 20,000 IU), and amylase   (9000 IU, 22500 IU, and 12).

Product form

Pangrol 10000   and 25000   release capsules (opaque, gelatin, solid) and №0 number 2, respectively, which are cylindrical in shape. Capsule body distinguished by its bright orange, and the capsule lid - yellow-green tint. The contents of the capsules of the drug is a mini-tablet, which also have a cylindrical shape, characterized by a light beige color enteric coating and shiny surface.

As a rule, in carton Pangrola 10000   and   25000   It comprises a polypropylene bottle, which may be 20, 50 or 100 capsules. Pangrol 20000   represent oboevypuklye enteric coated tablets dosage shell having a smooth surface and different gray-white color. Tablets are packaged in blisters and placed in cartons of 20 or 50 pieces.

Pharmacological action

The drug belongs to the group of digestive-enzyme drugs. Pangrol helps fill enzyme deficiency Required for normal operation pancreas And it has on the human body proteolytic, lipolytic , and Amilolitichesky impact .

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Pancreatin   or pharmaceutically active substance contained in the composition Pangrola is a powder, which is obtained in the processing of porcine pancreas. Contained in the powder enzymes   a positive effect on the process digestion and accelerate the breakdown of fats, carbohydrates and proteins, and, moreover, helps in the normalization of pancreas .

Due to the fact that the drug promotes complete digestion of food, medicine relieves the symptoms of digestive disorders such as shortness of breath, arising due to flatulence and fullness, feeling of heaviness and pain in the abdomen, as well as flatulence . The drug stimulates pancreas, small intestine and stomach on the development of human enzymes Involved in the digestive process.

The extract bile , Part of the increases Pangrola emulsification of fats   and acts on the organism choleretic Ie increases activity lipase Thereby improving digestion and absorption of fat soluble essential stomach vitamins E, A and K And fats entering the body with food.

Capsules and tablets are coated Pangrola specialized acid-resistant shell that helps protect the drug from gastric   prior to contact with the drug in small intestine . Capsule shell rapidly dissolves and releases the mini-tablets containing enzymes   which, in turn, are mixed with the contents of the intestine, thus ensuring a necessary level enzymes   and their uniform distribution.

For effective medicinal action of the preparation is important to keep in small intestine   neutral to slightly alkaline pH value . Pangrol of the digestive tract is not absorbed and excreted in the feces.

Indications

Pangrol used as replacement therapeutic treatment of both adults and children in the violation of exocrine pancreas And at a relative enzyme deficiency Caused by diseases such as:

• pancreatic cancer   or narrowing of the duct, combined with the presence of gallstones   or cancer ;
• pancreatitis Including preostrye or chronic stage of the disease;
• Diamond syndrome Shvahmana ;
• intestinal infections ;
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome ;
• disorders of the digestive tract   functional character;
• mukovistsido s .

Everything else, the drug used to prepare for an ultrasound or X-ray study abdomen And to restore normal operation of the pancreas and stomach after surgery, for example after   resection or as part of a therapeutic treatment after irradiation in the presence of symptoms such as diarrhea, no digestion and flatulence .

Contraindications

Pangrol is contraindicated in:

• acute pancreatitis ;
• hypersensitivity   the components of the drug;
• exacerbation of pancreatitis .

Side effects

During the administration of the drug may cause side effects such as:   nausea, bloating and vomiting , and diarrhea, abdominal pain and others disorders of the digestive system . Quite rarely, patients have the appearance of allergic reactions   on Pangrol, which is usually expressed in appearance itching, hives or rash on the skin . If you find the above ailments should stop using the medication and seek medical advice.

Instructions for use Pangrola 10000 (method and dosage)

Capsules and tablets Pangrola take food without chewing and swallowing whole with liquid, preferably normal room temperature water. Dosage determined by a physician and depends on the condition of the patient, the severity of the disease and shape. For preparation in capsules The following average therapeutic doses of:

• adults - 2-4 or 1-2 capsules Pangrol 10000   and 25000   respectively;
• children - an estimated 500-1000 lipase units per kg at every meal.

In accordance with the instruction for Pangrol 20000   Tablets take 1-2 pieces. during direct ingestion. The average therapeutic dose may vary depending on the disease, and also depends on the food, which is included in the diet of the patient. The doctor can increase the daily dosage of the drug containing in its chemical composition Digestive enzymes   within the maximum allowable 15,000-20,000 units lipase   per kilogram.

The duration of treatment depends on the severity and type of disease, and the condition of the patient. If a patient can not accept a whole independently capsule Pangrola (elderly or children), it is possible to pour out its contents (mini-tablets) in a liquid such as water or mixed with food, which requires no mastication (fruit puree). A mixture of food and mini-tablets should be taken immediately and not allowed to store.

When treating Cystic Fibrosis   the dosage depends on the patient's body weight.

Pangrola Initial dosage for children under 4 years of age is 1,000 units lipase   per kg, and for children older than 4 years - 500 units. During the use of the drug in the therapeutic treatment of children should be required to follow a diet to exclude development   steatorrhea .

Overdose

About overdosing and increase the number of enzymes in the treatment of Cystic Fibrosis   may indicate diseases such as hyperuricemia , and hyperuricosuria .

Cooperation

About Pangrola drug interactions with other medications are no reliable data.

Terms of sale

OTC.

Storage conditions

Keep out of the reach of children, at a temperature not exceeding 25 ° C.

Shelf life

• 2 years for capsules Pangrol 10000   and 25000 ;
• 3 years for tablets Pangrol 20000 .

Cautions

When treating Cystic Fibrosis   in patients treated with high doses of the drug may occur fibrosing colonopathy Ie stricture of the ileum, colon and cecum . To avoid changes in the symptoms of the underlying disease to the direct reception Pangrola should conduct medical research that will eliminate the presence of the patient lesions of the colon .

The drug does not affect the ability to drive and does not reduce the rate of reaction when working with potentially dangerous machinery.

Analogs Pangrola 10000

Match code ATC 4th level:

• Mikrazim
• Enzistal P
• Pancreatin
• Penzital
• Ermital
• Creon
• Abomin
• Festal
• Mezim

The main structural analogues of the drug can be considered the following drugs:

• Gastenorm Forte;
• Creon 10000, 25000 and 40000 ;
• Mezim ;
• Mikrazim ;
• Mezim Forte ;
• Panzica ;
• Panzinorm ;
• Pancreatin ;
• Panzinorm Forte ;
• Panzi Forte ;
• Pancreatin-Lect ;
• Pantsitrat ;
• Festal ;
• Pancreatin Forte ;
• Penzital ;
• Enzistal-P ;
• Pancrelipase ;
• Ermital .

Pangrol 10,000 children

Mode dose, duration of treatment and the dosage is determined by the doctor depending on the child's age, health status and disease severity.

During pregnancy and lactation

Although pregnancy and breast-feeding   not included in the list of absolute contraindications to the use of Pangrola reliable results of clinical studies aimed at identifying the effects of   pancreatin   fetal development, no. Because testing pancreatic enzymes   pigs was carried out on animals and was successful, experts exclude the possibility of toxic effects of the drug on the development of the unborn child.

However, the use of Pangrola during pregnancy is possible only in the absence of contraindications, and is justified only if the anticipated benefits of the drug outweigh the possible negative consequences. When breastfeeding is allowed to take this drug.

Reviews on Pangrol 10000

In most cases, patients taking leave positive feedback Pangrole.

The only downside of the drug many consider the complexity of a dosage. As digestive problems are purely individual character, to choose the correct dose of the drug can be a doctor, making it difficult to independently use drugs.

Price Pangrola where to buy

The cost of the drug depends on the formulation of the issue. For example, packaging Pangrol 20000   (50 tablets) can be purchased at an average of 1,000 rubles.

Cost Pangrola 10000   (packaging, 20 caps) on average no more than 250 rubles.

Average price Pangrola 25000   (packing, 20 capsules) is 1000 rubles.

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Vitamin B1 (thiamine)

April 14, 2012

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• How to take vitamins Duovit
• A nicotinic acid
• Bifiform children

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Vitamin B1 Or thiamin - A water-soluble vitamin Which is a colorless solid crystal structure.

Vitamin B1 plays an important role in metabolism   fats and carbohydrates. This material is essential for the normal processes of development and growth, to maintain the health of the digestive and nervous systems, proper functioning of the heart. Being water soluble, thiamin is not accumulated in the body and also has toxic properties.

In nature, this vitamin is synthesized by a variety of microorganisms and plants, but a person can not itself produce it, so the only source of vitamin B1 is the food.

The constant lack of thiamine leads to severe disorders, among which occupy a special place nervous system diseases . Normally, vitamin A deficiency is associated with an unbalanced diet. First, the cause may be inadequate intake of foods rich in vitamin B1. Secondly, the deficiency may develop due to excessive consumption antitiaminovyh factors. For example, seafood and fresh fish contain large amounts of substances tiaminazy that disrupts B1, in addition coffee and tea weakens its absorption.

Giperavitaminoz for this substance is not characteristic. However, the Very Large Scale dose injecting drug can lead to anaphylactic shock   as a result of mast cell degranulation. Additionally, overdose can cause a variety of   allergic reactions .

Vegetable food is the main source of vitamin B1. Thiamine is so rich in foods like spinach, peas, beans, soy products from wheat flour. Slightly lower concentrations of vitamin cabbage, carrots, potatoes, yeast. The animals can distinguish products comprise beef, pork, brain, kidney, liver, milk.

Depending on the diet and energy intake amount of carbohydrates in it, an adult requires a minimum of 2 mg of vitamin B1 per day. Higher doses of the substance may need during the recovery period and during the illness, severe physical stress, the elderly and children, people with hyperthyroidism.

Some drugs are capable of reducing the level of the hormone in the body because of the content of sulfur, among such drugs oral contraceptives . antibiotics   and other drugs. A sufficient amount of magnesium in the body is necessary for the full assimilation of vitamin B1.

Symptoms of thiamine deficiency:

• Insomnia
• Fatigue
• Tearfulness
• Increased irritability
• Chill at normal temperature
• Decreased appetite
• Deterioration of coordination
• Diarrhea
• Gastrointestinal disorders
• Sickness
• Shortness of breath
• Beri-brie, which is characterized by severe CNS, muscle atrophy, paralysis, heart failure.

Orlistat

Description overdue on 09/21/2014

• Latin name: Orlistat
• ATC code: A08AB01
• Active substance: Orlistat (Orlistat)
• Manufacturer: Hayyan Farmasyut Syria Zhejiang Starry Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., China

Photos of the drug

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• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications
• Contraindications
• Special conditions
• Side effects
• Instructions on Orlistat (method and dosage)
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Analogs
• With alcohol
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

The active ingredient of the drug substance is the same name - Orlistat.

Product form

Orlistat is available in capsule, within which is contained a light-colored crystalline powder.

Pharmacological action

Tablets have inhibitory action gastrointestinal lipase .

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

For this product is characterized by high lipophilicity and a good mix with fats. Also noted its active connection to the center pancreatic and   Gastric lipase That leads to their inactivation. As a result, the penetration is blocked triglycerides   in the blood. All this causes a shortage of energy, resulting in the mobilization of fat from the depot. Thus, Orlistat allows shorten quantity viscero-abdominal fat in the composition total mass. In addition, reduced hypercholesterolemia Reduced solubility cholesterol , Reduced tissue sensitivity to Insulin and falls hyperinsulinemia Contributing to the elimination of abdominal fat-viscero.

Thus orlistat substantially misses in the blood, and therefore does not exert systemic effects on the human body.   Metabolism   It occurs in the intestinal walls, resulting in formation of inactive metabolites . Because the body's substance excreted in the feces. The period of complete elimination is 5 days.

Indications

Orlistat - what is it?
Orlistat is a drug, is a specific inhibitor gastrointestinal lipases . The drug is actively used to reduce excess weight.

This drug is indicated for:

• of treatment obesity In order to reduce and maintain weight, combined with a diet;
• reduce the risk of re-raising after its decline.

Contraindications

Orlistat is not recommended at the reception:

• hypersensitivity;
• chronic malabsorption syndrome;
• cholestasis;
• the age of 12;
• nephrolithiasis;
• hyperoxaluria;
• lactation pregnancy.

Special conditions

This drug not recommended to the application of at children's age, when Lactation   and pregnancy Because these patients safety and effectiveness is not fully established. It is not known what effect the substance has on the fetus, as well as whether its penetration into breast milk.

The use of orlistat is prohibited and pregnancy As well as lowering the weight during this period may cause harm to the pregnant woman and cause adverse effects on the fetus. Modern experts, of course, expectant mothers are advised to monitor the weight of the body, allowing the minimum raise, but not weight loss. This is true even of those women who are overweight or obesity.

Side effects

Admission of orlistat may be associated with adverse effects in the activities of the gastrointestinal tract: oily discharge from the rectum, flatulence, "bold" chair, frequent defecation, urgency to defecate, fecal incontinence.

Usually, the cause of side effects from the gastrointestinal tract becomes a high fat content in food. So to avoid this, you need to eat moderately hypocaloric food, which contains about 30% of the daily requirement of fat.

Besides, in the first 1-4 weeks of deviation can be observed in Nervous System , eg: headache, trouble sleeping, dizziness, anxiety .

Sometimes taking the drug causes intestinal steatorrhea due to malabsorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamin deficiency.

Instructions on Orlistat (method and dosage)

The medicament is intended for internal of reception. According to the instruction on the use of orlistat, a single dose is 120 mg, taken mostly used at each meal or an hour after but no more than 3 times a day. When the food contains a small amount of fat, it is allowed to pass reception capsules.

Overdose

Cases of overdose while taking orlistat are rare. They usually manifest disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. As a rule, systemic effects related to the drug lipazingibiruyuschimm properties quickly eliminated after its cancellation.

Cooperation

Simultaneous treatment with orlistat cyclosporine   may reduce its concentration in plasma. So between these drugs is necessary to observe an interval of at least 2-3ch.

Also found that Orlistat reduces the absorption of beta-carotene Which is a part of nutritional supplements. It is noted, and its effect on the absorption of Vitamin E .

Sometimes a combination of Orlistat levothyroxine sodium   causes the development of hypothyroidism . Such cases require a monitoring of thyroid function, so you need to respect the interval between taking the drug at least 4h.

Terms of sale

Capsules Orlistat is possible to buy without a prescription.

Storage conditions

To store the drugs designed dark and cool place, protected from the children.

Shelf life

2 years

Analogs of Orlistat

Match code ATC 4th level:

• Ksenalten
• Orsoten
• Xenical

Modern pharmacology offers a multitude of preparations intended for struggle against excess weight. At the same time analogues of orlistat presented by means of: Allicor, Ksenalten, Xenical, Listata, Orlimaks, Orsoten   and others.

Alcohol

It was found that alcohol does not have much effect on the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of the drug.

Comments about Orlistat

As evidenced by the numerous reviews of orlistat in the forums, the problem of excess weight bothers many people. This is especially true for women after childbirth. They begin to try a variety of diet and drugs on their own, but this approach is seldom effective.

If the ladies are turning to specialists, they perform competent selection of a diet with the possible use of special medicines. At the same time reviews of orlistat doctors indicate that the drug helps to reduce weight quickly and keep the resulting shape. It is also possible to the appointment of its main analogue of, of the drug Xenical . Of course, process of losing weight requires serious approach with a change in lifestyle, the choice of diet, of regular physical loads and so on.

It should be noted that ratings of slimming women, advantageously positive . They report that taking this remedy, could lose half a year at least 10 kg. After this the weight of starts to leave not so quickly, but all the same stably is lowered.

However, not everyone is happy with the action of orlistat. Some women say that the appointment of the drug did not bring them any result, development has caused more side effects associated with the activity of the gastrointestinal tract. Typically, these messages leave the ladies with a weight of over 100 kg. However, they write that excluded from the diet of flour and sweet, and the other features of power and life is not describe.

As is known, superfluous kgs accumulate over the years and quickly get rid of them absolutely uneasy. The process of Slimming requires an integrated approach throughout long time. It is desirable to fight obesity under control specialist, as this allows you to select the right program and get a guaranteed result.

Price orlistat, where to buy

Capsules 120mg of 20 pieces can be purchased in Moscow within 1400-1500 rubles.

Price Orlistat in Ukraine amounts to 237, 96 UAH.

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Teksamen

Description overdue on 04/07/2014

• Latin name: Texamen
• ATC code: M01AC02
• Active substance: Tenoxicam (Tenoxicam)
• Manufacturer: Turkish company «MUSTAFA NEVZAT ILAC SANAYII»

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• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications Teksamena (spectrum use)
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Instructions for use Teksamena (method and dosage)
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Cautions
• Analogs
• During pregnancy (and lactation)
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

In each tablet   contains 20 mg of active ingredient Tenoxicam .

Excipients: pregelatinized starch, talc, lactose, magnesium stearate.

The tablets are covered with a protective film consisting of yellow iron oxide, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, titanium dioxide and polyethylene glycol 400 .

Each bottle   It contains 20 mg Tenoxicam   and optional ingredients: magnesium edetate, sodium hydroxide, mannitol, sodium metabisulfid, trometamol.

Product form

The medicine available in vials as a freeze-dried product with a solvent and in tablet form. In each carton pack is 1 bottle or blister with 10 pills.

Pharmacological action

Analgesic.   Active component refers to oxicams   and has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic effects. The basic principle is based on the effects of braking speed synthesizing prostaglandins , Slowing down metabolism   arachidonic acid, cyclooxygenase inhibition. A Teksamen   slow release histamine   and speed phagocytosis That can reduce inflammation.

The medicament reduces the effects of bradykinin receptors slows output makroenergeticheskih compounds stabilize lysosomal membranes, reducing capillary permeability.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

The active substance is rapidly and fully absorbed in the digestive system. The bioavailability reaches maximum numbers - 100%. The highest concentration is recorded 2 hours after receiving the pills in the body. Almost 99% of the active ingredient is bound to plasma proteins. Metabolism is via the hepatic system. The metabolites are excreted in the bile   and urine. Tenoxicam able to cross the blood-placenta (during pregnancy), the blood-brain barrier.

Indications Teksamena (spectrum use)

The drug is intended for patients suffering from degenerative diseases of the musculoskeletal tissue genesis of inflammatory pain syndrome:

• rheumatoid arthritis ;
• gout ;
• osteoarthritis ;
• ankylosing spondylitis ;
• osteochondrosis .

Indications shots: rapid relief expressed pain   when:

• traumatic injuries;
• tendinitis ;
• myositis ;
• defeat ligamentous apparatus;
• polyarthritis ;
• lumbago ;
• periatrite ;
• neuralgia .

Contraindications

• individual hypersensitivity to Teksamenu;
• lactose intolerance;
• "Aspirin triad"   history;
• Pathology of the digestive tract ( gastritis . peptic ulcer );
• diseases of liver;
• diabetes ;
• heart failure ;
• hypertonic disease ;
• violation coagulation ;
• pathology of the vestibular apparatus;
• violations of auditory perception.

The drug is not indicated in pediatric patients.

Side effects

The digestive tract:

• heartburn ;
• flatulence ;
• gastropathy;
• epigastric pain;
• violations of the chair;
• anorexia ;
• stomatitis ;
• erosive lesions ;
• increase in ALT, AST;
• vomiting.

Blood system, the cardiovascular system:

• thrombocytopenia ;
• increase blood pressure ;
• agranulocytosis ;
• tachycardia .

Nervous system:

• hypersomnia;
• depression ;
• migraine;
• dizziness ;
• hyperexcitability;
• eye irritation;
• noise in ears;
• changes in auditory and visual perception.

Rarely recorded allergic responses . bronchospasm , Itchy skin, angioedema . hyperhidrosis , Increased BUN.

Teksamen injections are well tolerated, rarely cause systemic reactions.

Instructions for use Teksamena (method and dosage)

Tablets for oral use. Standard treatment regimens: 20 mg daily.

Acute gout:   2 tablets of 20 mg 1 time per day for 2 days, then 1 tablet a day. The drug can take 7-14 days.

Pronounced pain syndrome   It is encouraged to nominate injections Teksamena . Instructions for use: 1 bottle intramuscular injection of 20 mg daily. Tenoxicam ampoules may be used no more than 5 days.

Overdose

High doses can cause vomiting, stool disorders, epigastric pain, agitation or drowsiness. In severe cases gastrointestinal bleeding . convulsions , Disorientation. Specific antidote   not designed posindromnaya recommended therapy.

Cooperation

Salicylates corticosteroid agents   and preparations of NSAIDs increases the likelihood of ulceration of the stomach wall. The drug potentiates the effect of sulfonylureas, anticoagulants   indirect effects. In its turn probenecid accelerates elimination of the active substance tenoxicam. Reduces the concentration of drug cardiac glycosides   in blood.

Potentially nephrotoxic agents, antiplatelet agents, serotonin receptor antagonists and diuretics   absolutely contraindicated.

Quinolone antibiotics   increase seizure activity. The efficacy of mifepristone in the treatment of tenoxicam reduced.

Terms of sale

OTC Product.

Storage conditions

Temperature - 25 degrees.

Shelf life

2 years.

Cautions

It is recommended to control blood parameters.

Analogs Teksamena (substitutes)

Match code ATC 4th level:

• Lornoxicam
• Artrozan
• Amelotex
• Movalis
• Meloxicam
• Ksefokam
• Revmoksikam

Structural alternatives: Tenikam . Tobit . Tenoktil .

Analogs Teksamena of pharmacological effects: Meloxicam . Movalis .

During pregnancy and lactation

Teratogenic in animal studies have been identified. There is no information about the negative effects of the active substance on the fetus. Tenoxicam penetrates into milk. The drug is contraindicated in Lactation .

Reviews Teksamene (Overview)

The injections are well tolerated without causing local reactions subject to the rules aseptic .

Doctors about Teksamene show a rapid action of the drug, which is very important in relieving pain . In general reviews about Teksamene positive and points to the high efficiency of the drug in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the skeletal system.

Price Teksamena where to buy

In Russia, the price in Teksamena tablets   It is 185 rubles.

The ampules   are a bit cheaper. Price injections Teksamena - 140 rubles per 1 vial.

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Pentovit

Description overdue on 05/14/2014

• Latin name: Pentovitum
• ATC code: A11BA
• Active substance: Multivitamins (Multivitamins)
• Manufacturer: JSC "Altayvitaminy"

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• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Instructions for use Pentovita (method and dosage)
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Cautions
• Analogs
• Babies
• With alcohol
• During pregnancy (and lactation)
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

The structure includes vitamins Pentovita Group B . vitamin PP . The composition of vitamins as follows: in each tablet 0, 0129 g of thiamine bromide . 0, 003 g of folic acid . 0, 02 g of nicotinamide . 0, 005 g of pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0 00005 g of cyanocobalamin .

Product form

Vitamins Pentovit issued in the form of film-coated tablets are sold in packs of 50 and 100 pieces.

Pharmacological action

The drug has a complex effect, which is due to its constituent components.

Vitamin B1   has an active influence on the process of neuromuscular regulation, is actively involved in the synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

Vitamin B6 It contributes to the normalization of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. He also takes an active part in the metabolic processes of the body. It participates in the synthesis of neurotransmitters.

Cyanocobalamin contributes to the normalization of the liver, nervous system, stimulates the process of blood clotting and metabolism, is involved in the synthesis of amino acids.

Folic acid   involved in the synthesis of amino acids and nucleic acids.

Nicotinamide   It is involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, in the processes of tissue respiration.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Vitamin B1 (thiamine hydrochloride) mainly absorbed in the duodenum and small intestine. Distribution of thiamine occurs in all tissues. Roughly about 1 mg thiamine metabolized daily. Thiamine metabolites excreted by the kidneys.

Vitamin PP (nicotinamide) rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It is distributed to all tissues and organs equally.

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine hydrochloride) absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, then it is converted by the liver into pyridoxal, that is the active form of the vitamin. The end product of metabolism - 4 piridoksilovaya acid, it is excreted through the kidneys.

Folic acid Small doses absorbed through absorption and large doses - through diffusion. Absorbed in the form of simple hydrolysates. Distributed in all tissues. Biotransformation and metabolism of folic acid have not been studied.

Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)   transferred to the ileum via glycoprotein. If the vitamin ingested in high doses, it is absorbed by simple diffusion. The metabolism of vitamin very slow. Return with bile .

Indications

Indications Pentovita following:

• Treatment and Prevention gipovitaminozov ;
• high demand of the human body in B vitamins;
• the recovery period after infectious diseases;
• prevention stresses . asthenic conditions ;
• neuralgia . polyneuritis ;
• Medicine . Dermatitis .

Indications vitamins determined by your doctor depending on the characteristics of the disease.

Contraindications

Pentovit tablets should not be taken in the following cases:

• High sensitivity to the constituents of the drug;
• age up to 12 years.

Side effects

In the process of applying the drug may experience the following side effects:

• itchy skin, rash;
• pain in the heart, increasing the excitability of the central nervous system, tachycardia ;
• insomnia ;
• in rare cases appear convulsions .

Instructions for use Pentovita (method and dosage)

Strictly according to instructions if indicated should be used Pentovit vitamins. Instructions for children 12 years old and adults is as follows: every day should be used 2-4 tablets three times a day. The drug should be consumed along with the meal.

How to take Pentovit a specific disease, will tell the attending physician. But you need to take vitamins at least 3-4 weeks. How to take adult patients Pentovit the presence of a specific diagnosis depends on complex treatment.

Overdose

Overdose agents can lead to the manifestation gipervitaminoza , Excessive concentration of vitamin B. In this case, a person may occasionally occur dizziness, dyspepsia , Rush of blood to the face and neck, migraine . insomnia . It is also possible numbness and heart rhythm failure. However, these symptoms are very rare.

Cooperation

The simultaneous use in the treatment and Pentovita colchicine   or biguanide   It leads to a decrease in absorption cyanocobalamin . Do not combine drugs that increase blood clotting, and cyanocobalamin. Long period of treatment anticonvulsant and simultaneous use Pentovita leads to shortages thiamine .

Terms of sale

Sold in pharmacies without a prescription.

Storage conditions

It should be stored in a dark, cool, dry place in a sealed container glass orange.

Shelf life

The drug is stored for 3 years.

Cautions

During treatment Pentovitom should not take other vitamin complexes, as there may be an overdose.

It is impossible in the course of treatment to take a higher dose of a multivitamin than that indicated in the instructions.

As part of the shell tablets have sugar, so diabetics should always take this into account when treating.

Taking the drug does not affect the concentration driving transport and handling mechanisms as possible.

Analogs

Match code ATC 4th level:

• Vitasharm
• Pikovit prebiotic
• Pikovit Omega 3
• Pikovit Forte
• Pikovit
• Vetoron children
• Vetoron
• Vetoron E
• Undevit
• Vitrum Lift-Q10 Skin
• Vitrum Performance
• Combilipen

Analogs Pentovit tablets - are other vitamin complexes, of which today there are so many. Analogues of funds may be considered Benfolipen . Neyromultivit . Pikovit   and others. All these funds have similar indications, are useful for hair, improve skin condition and others.

Is it better or Pentovit Neyromultivit?

Both formulations are useful for the prevention of stress, improvement of the nervous system, to improve the skin and hair. Neyromultivit unlike Pentovita has no consisting of vitamin B3 and vitamin B9.

Price tablets Neyromultivit higher - 110-140 rubles per 20 tablets.

Babies

Children drug is allowed from 12 years of age. Can the children of the younger age groups to include this facility in the complex treatment of a number of diseases, defines only the attending physician. With this appointment should clearly take into account the instruction that was given to the doctor.

With alcohol

Do not combine this vitamin complex with taking alcohol. When combined with alcohol Pentovita dramatically decreases the absorption of thiamine in the body.

When pregnancy

If there is such a need, you can use the drug for the treatment of pregnant Pentovit on prescription.

Reviews Pentovite

Doctors about Petnovite mostly positive, it is prescribed for many diseases and for the prevention of disease. However, it should be noted that vitamin complexes - is only an aid in the treatment of several diseases. Therefore, reviews of vitamins and patients are left depending on how effective was the main treatment. The positive feedback we are talking about the fact that vitamin complex to help cope with the peeling of the skin, get rid of acne, to normalize the overall state of the nervous system. Often there are positive opinions on the use of the drug after the appointment of his children. On the manifestation of the side effects are extremely rare reviews.

Price Pentovita where to buy

Price Pentovit vitamins in pharmacies on average 65 - 70 rubles for 50 tablets. Ukraine Pentovit can be purchased at the price of 45 USD.

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