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Swine flu - Such is the code name of disease of humans and animals, which provoke certain strains Flu . The most widely received this name in 2009 in the media. Several strains, which are associated with the occurrence of swine influenza viruses have been found in influenza serotype C and subtypes serotype A . The so-called "swine flu" - is the general name for all these strains.
The disease has a certain spread among domestic pigs in many countries. However, the greatest danger is that the virus can infect humans, birds and some animals. In addition, during the existence of the swine flu virus is its rapid mutation.
The swine flu virus can be transmitted from animals to humans are relatively rare. Accordingly, the use of pork cooked with all the rules of the thermal treatment can be without fear of swine flu. Very often in the transmission of the virus from animals to humans the symptoms of swine flu in people are not shown, and the disease is often only detected because of the presence of antibodies in human blood. In cases where the swine flu is transmitted from person to animal disease is called zoonotic swine flu. However, according to statistics from the twenties of the twentieth century, among the people who work directly with pigs, recorded about 50 cases of swine flu infection.
A number of strains that provoke symptoms of swine flu in people over time have acquired the ability to transmit from human to human.
The first signs of swine flu in humans are similar to the symptoms that are characteristic of acute respiratory diseases and "regular" flu. Transmission of the disease is the "standard" by droplet infection And by direct contact with infected organisms. In order to accurately determine the presence of the virus in humans, conducted laboratory research - analysis on swine flu.
In 2009, the world has recorded a strong outbreak of a new strain of influenza virus, which was later given the name "swine flu". This outbreak caused by virus subtype H1N1 Which has the highest genetic similarity with the swine flu virus. Until today, exactly on the origin of the virus is not known. However, official information of the World Organization for Animal Health says that among the swine epidemic spread of this strain of the virus has not been established.
Said virus acts as well as other strains of influenza. The infection enters the body through the mucosal epithelium of the respiratory tract , Which runs the replication and reproduction of the virus. In the development of the disease affects the cells of the trachea and bronchi, the process of degeneration, necrosis and subsequent rejection of cells that have been struck.
The symptoms of swine flu
Typically, the incubation period of swine flu can last up to three days. It should be borne in mind that the disease may be mild, moderate and severe form of gravity. A more complicated course of the disease have been reported in pregnant women as well as children and the elderly. The representatives of these categories are possible slight variations in the length of the incubation period of swine flu. It is also harder to carry the swine flu are people who have long suffered severe concomitant diseases.
Signs of swine flu in humans appear viremia, which lasts about 10 -14 days. In humans occur toxic and toxic-allergic reactions in the internal organs. The most susceptible to the cardiovascular and nervous systems.
In the process of destruction of the vascular system vascular wall becomes more permeable and is subject to breakage. Under the action of the virus is disturbed microcirculation vascular system. In view of these changes swine flu symptoms are manifested by frequent bleeding nose, appearance hemorrhage on the skin and mucous membranes. Also, as the symptoms of swine flu in humans can occur hemorrhage in the internal organs and serious pathological changes in the lung. So, you may experience swelling of the lung tissue with hemorrhage into the alveoli.
Due to reduce vascular tone occurs venostasis skin and mucous membranes, disturbed microcirculation, there is stagnation of blood in the internal organs. In the later stages of the disease manifests itself thrombosis capillaries and veins.
In view of these changes observed hypersecretion of CSF and circulatory disorders, as a result of which there is swelling of the brain and increased intracranial pressure .
The first signs of swine flu appear similar to normal flu symptoms: a person complains of a headache, it increases the temperature of the body, mainly the temperature rises to 38 degrees, but in some cases it may be higher - up to 41 degrees. Also shown runny nose, symptoms may occur sore throat . A man suffering from a dry, barking cough, sometimes disturbed as chest pain. Furthermore, as flu symptoms may occur vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain. The mucous membranes of the nose and throat, usually very dry. The patient complains of weakness and general fatigue, indicating a manifestation of general intoxication.
Diagnosis of swine flu
In the process of diagnosis, doctors take into account that symptoms of swine flu are similar to most of the way the proceeds flu, which provoke different strains of the virus.
During this type of influenza generally coincides with the course of the disease, subject of human infection by other strains of influenza virus. Consequently, the diagnosis of swine flu because of the similarity of symptoms of swine flu with symptoms of some diseases makes it more difficult to diagnose the disease process.
When swine flu show no symptoms, it is inherent to the disease. Consequently, the syndromes are diagnosed with swine flu, oblivious to the presence of two of the most distinct symptoms: strong overall intoxication the body and the presence of lesions of the upper respiratory tract.
It is important in this case, correct differential diagnosis of the disease. The basis of this diagnosis becomes a detailed study and subsequent analysis of clinical and epidemiological data. This will strengthen or suspected presence of swine flu syndrome, or disprove such a diagnosis.
Even at the time of diagnosis of swine flu during the epidemic, when the disease is endemic, is difficult, because in this period, about a third of patients who complain of respiratory syndromes suffer from illnesses that are non-influenza etiology.
To date, to distinguish between two different types of influenza diagnosis - Diagnosis clinical and diagnostics Laboratory . Besides a thorough clinical investigation is necessary to conduct advanced research laboratory. Thus, the analysis is conducted on the swine flu virus isolation for swine flu, as well as the subsequent determination of the type of virus, it seropodtipa of strains or variants of the virus.
At the moment, the most informative way to diagnose swine flu is considered PCR (so-called polymerase chain reaction ). This is done by laboratory examination of smears from the mucous membranes of the nose and throat to detect RNA . This method is fairly accurate diagnosis and is performed in a relatively short time.
As a virological research methods applied cultivation of the swine flu virus in a particular cell culture.
Serological diagnosis of specific antibodies are determined in human serum. For this purpose a special reaction.
Treatment of swine flu
On how to treat swine flu, it is obligatory to consult an expert. At the slightest suspicion of the presence of this infection should promptly seek medical attention.
To date, the treatment of swine flu based on the same principles as treatment of influenza, which causes different strains of the virus. If patients have a very severe intoxication and violation of the acid-base balance in the body, the treatment of swine flu include complex detoxification and correction therapy. How to treat swine flu, the expert determined individually in each particular case, but today proved especially effective against the swine flu virus has drug Oseltamivir ( Tami-Flu ). If the tool is missing, for the treatment of swine flu drug is recommended to use the drug Zanamivir ( Relenza ). If the analysis confirms the presence of swine flu this disease, it is mainly used these medicines for swine flu. Yet it should be noted that the highest effectiveness of treatment would be the case if these drugs to start treatment in the first forty-eight hours after the onset of symptoms of the disease.
If you have had mild symptoms of swine flu in a man, then as a cure for swine flu is often used arbidol Or other antiviral drugs used for treatment of seasonal influenza. The most pronounced effect of the arbidol occur at the beginning of therapy provided in the first five days after the onset of the disease. Duration of therapy should not be less than one week.
Patients diagnosed with moderate or severe influenza degree assigned treatment, whose purpose - to prevent the manifestation of primary viral pneumonia. It is also important to apply all measures to prevent secondary bacterial infection symptoms, which often leads to pneumonia .
Syndromes of swine flu and are treated with drugs that have a symptomatic effect. Thus, in this case the relevant drugs with antipyretic action (mainly preparations which comprise Ibuprofen and paracetamol ). Aspirinosoderzhaschie drugs as a cure for swine flu is not recommended due to the risk of Reye's syndrome manifestations.
In addition, treatment of swine influenza comprises administering of multivitamins, and in some cases suitable drugs with antihistaminic activity. If there is a secondary bacterial infection, the treatment process is used antibiotics broad-spectrum action.
It is important to know what is dangerous swine flu. Each person should immediately seek emergency care if the following symptoms of swine flu: the presence of severe respiratory failure, problems in the functioning of the cardiovascular system, the signs of depression of brain activity, breathlessness , Fainting, cyanosis of the skin, pain in the chest, lower blood pressure .
If within three days of a patient's body temperature does not drop, it is also necessary not to delay treatment to the doctor.
Prevention of swine flu
Recognizing dangerous than swine flu, should take all measures to prevent the occurrence of this disease. The most effective method of prevention is vaccine against swine flu. However, as an elementary prevention of swine flu should follow the basic rules of protection against viral infections. First of all, effective protection against the spread of the virus will gauze bandage, which is recommended to wear during the epidemic. Wearing a bandage when dealing with people need to constantly, thus changing it every few hours for a new or pre-stretched and the pressed.
If possible unfavorable period is necessary to avoid the places where there is a large concentration of people. The most unsafe place in terms of the risk of contracting swine flu - public transport, shops, offices and others. Premises where there is a lot of people need to air regularly. With people who have explicit signs of a respiratory infection, it is better not to contact or be extremely careful during such contact.
During epidemics as swine flu prevention a tangible significance regular damp cleaning of the premises. This cleaning should be done several times a day. The unfavorable period should wash their hands often, and, always using soap.
Prevention of swine flu also includes ensuring rational healthy diet, full sleep, enough physical activity.
To ensure the overall strengthening of immunity, experts recommend taking vitamin C As well as drugs, adaptogens that can positively influence the body's resistance. This Siberian ginseng, Rhodiola rosea tincture, alpha interferon (ointment for the nose). Eating enough fruits and vegetables also provide the body with the necessary amounts of vitamins.
It is also important to consider that the swine flu virus killed at high temperatures. Therefore, heat treatment (at a temperature above 70 degrees) ensures virus death. However, we must remember that the swine flu virus can be transmitted by animals. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the contact with the animals and the meat after slaughter. In no case do not need to engage in butchering carcasses of diseased animals.
The vaccine against swine flu
Because physicians around the world have long understood what dangerous swine flu, experts today are actively working to improve the vaccine against swine flu. Each year, an improvement is made swine flu vaccine based on mutation virus A / H1N1 .
It is important to understand that the vaccine against swine flu, made using conventional vaccines, will not achieve the desired action. On the contrary, it can significantly weaken a person's immunity.
To date, specific vaccines are developed, which are used for the production of vaccines against swine flu. The best-known vaccines used in the country are the swine flu vaccine Pandemrix (producer - company Glaxosmithkline ) fosetria (producer - company Novartis ), As well as a vaccine against swine flu Monogrippol Created by domestic producers. There are vaccines in the form of Traditional vaccines in the form of nasal spray .
During the epidemic of swine flu vaccine, first of all, to be administered to pregnant women, as well as those involved in the care of children under six months of age (both mothers and nyanm). Vaccination against swine flu is being done to children under six months of age. Equally important is the vaccination for medical personnel, emergency workers, people who suffer asthma and, accordingly, have a higher risk of complications from influenza symptoms.
Studies that have been conducted have shown that significant side effects from the current vaccines do not cause swine flu. Often, in the place where the injection was given, there is some redness and soreness in rarer cases, a person may feel after vaccination headache or fatigue manifestation, even rarer slightly increased body temperature.
Note that the vaccine is produced using chicken eggs, therefore, people who are allergic to the product it is impossible to drive.
Complications of flu
Complications of flu occur depending on a number of factors. Important severity of the infection, the patient's age, the human immune system, as well as the timeliness and effectiveness of health care. Swine flu severe in elderly patients and in children of primary school age.
With proper and timely treatment of swine flu prognosis is favorable. However, quite often, the disease triggers a number of complications that can have a negative impact on overall health. For example, a common complication is an aggravation of chronic diseases of the cardiovascular system. This is particularly often observed in the elderly. Sometimes manifested as stenokardicheskie pain, and in the early days of the disease increases arterial pressure . Also, older people who suffer from chronic diseases of the respiratory system, may manifest a mixed cardiovascular and respiratory failure.
Another serious complication of swine flu sometimes becomes acute pneumonia. Most acute pneumonia, which occur as a complication of swine flu, are of bacterial origin. Severe pneumonia provoke pathogenic staphylococci that are resistant to a large number of commonly used antibiotics.
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