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Sjogren syndrome , Also known as syndrome " dry "Mucous membranes, often currently diagnosed in women after the age of forty, that is, at a time when it menopause .
In some cases, the disease manifests itself in young women who suffer Ovarian hyperfunction . Also, this syndrome is sometimes accompanied by some systemic diseases. He is shown at Scleroderma . periarteritis nodosa . sarcoidosis . As the medical statistics, Sjogren's syndrome develops in 15-25% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis , 5-10% of patients suffering from collagen diseases And in 50-100% of patients with autoimmune liver ailments .
The syndrome first described in detail in 1933 by an ophthalmologist Sjogren from Sweden . Later, in 1965, of the total has been allocated a separate syndrome Sjogren's disease .
Symptoms of Sjogren's syndrome
Sjogren syndrome is a symptom in which the signs of exocrine glands combined with autoimmune diseases. Exocrine glands secrete on the body surface or inside the secret: it's saliva, sweat, tear, vaginal cancer. Symptoms of Sjogren's syndrome occur several individual diseases. With dry keratoconjunctivitis It occurs inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva of the eye. This symptom is easy to see even in the picture. When keratoconjunctivitis reduced secretion of tear fluid, so that patients are constantly worried about burning or sore eyes . These patients describe the feeling as having sand in the eyes of any scratches. During the movement of eyelids unpleasant sensation becomes more pronounced.
With xerostomia affects the salivary glands, which is why there is dryness of the mouth, as well as chronic inflammation of the parotid salivary glands, which periodically becomes aggravated. If the patient complains of pain, severe swelling, his body temperature rises. Inflammation often captures both parotid glands.
In addition to these symptoms Sjogren syndrome It can be expressed joint disease, which manifests itself as a result of joint stiffness in the morning, the pain in them. Mostly affected wrist and fingers. This process is often disturbed nail growth.
There may also be signs of digestive tract. First of all, in this case, had diarrhea and swallowing disorders. Sometimes the patient shows signs of colitis and chronic pancreatitis . Study of gastric acidity, Sjogren's syndrome suggests reducing the amount or absence of free hydrochloric acid and to reduce secretions in the stomach and exocrine pancreatic function.
Due to the existence of dry mucous trachea and bronchi may develop lung infections. Therefore, the patient suffers from pneumonia and bronchitis .
Diagnose also defeat other glands. Currently, Sjogren's disease, and Sjogren's syndrome consists of a group of common diseases of the connective tissue. Treatment of Sjogren's syndrome initially involves treatment of the underlying disease.
Sjogren's syndrome is the most frequently diagnosed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus Having a chronic course, as well as systemic sclerosis . In most cases, Sjogren developed several years after the start of the underlying disease, against the deployed clinical picture. The disease is characterized by recurrent exacerbation and remission.
This syndrome has no effect on the course of the underlying disease, but only complicates the treatment, complementing uncharacteristic signs of autoimmune disease.
Sjogren's disease
In modern medicine, Sjogren's disease was isolated as a separate systemic autoimmune disease in which there is dryness of mucous membranes, as a result of the defeat of the glands. Additionally, the process involved in the pathological muscle gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and other organs. Factors causing the disease are infectious diseases, severe fatigue , Hypothermia, stress neuro-psychological nature.
The principal difference from Sjogren's disease, Sjogren's syndrome is that the former is not observed in patients reasons for this - independent autoimmune diseases.
Stand and vnezhelezistye glandular manifestations of the disease Sjogren. Glandular manifestations expressed reduction function secreting glands. As with Sjögren's syndrome, with the defeat of the lacrimal glands of patients experience a burning sensation in the eyes, is also evident redness and itching eyelids. Later, the patient complains of photophobia, he lost visual acuity, and narrow eye slits. The second feature of the disease - the defeat of the salivary glands, which develops as a result of chronic inflammation. Initially, the development of human diseases noted dry lips, appearance Zayed . He may develop stomatitis, tooth decay , Located near the increased lymph nodes. About a third of the patients, an increase of the parotid glands. Initially, the disease symptoms of dry mouth observed only with strong excitement or physical activity. When the disease progresses, and thus treatment of the disease Sjogren's not practiced, dry mouth has become constant, and the mucous membrane acquires a pink color and is susceptible to injury. Language is also dry, lips can become covered with crusts. Sometimes due to the dryness of the nasopharynx and the appearance of crusts in the nose of a patient develops otitis and temporary deafness. Also, due to the dryness of the voice changes - it becomes husky. These patients are characterized by dry skin, and decreased sweating.
As the common symptoms observed mild anemia, increased ESR. Also syndrome can occur obliterated when the person concerned only dry mucous membranes, conjunctival minor changes and salivary gland enlargement. There are also very serious form of the disease.
If the treatment and prevention of disease is not carried out, it is fraught with complications. To join secondary Sjogren's syndrome infectious processes. In some patients there is also the defeat of the glands of the external genitalia, so that women are concerned about the constant itching, pain and vaginal dryness.
Diagnostics
To establish the diagnosis of suspected Sjogren's syndrome can, with appropriate signs. Combination destruction of the salivary glands and the eye, the presence of dry mouth in a variety of autoimmune diseases, indicating the development of Sjögren's syndrome.
Treatment
Starting treatment of Sjogren's syndrome is necessary to treatment of autoimmune disease, which is accompanied by the trait. During treatment the doctor prescribes medications that overwhelmingly affect the autoimmune processes in the body. Furthermore, prescribed medicines, reducing the affected gland. Such therapy is continued for several years. In addition, patients received vasodilators, fortifying agents, vitamins of group B. The practice of applying the methods of physiotherapy. Also, patients received sedatives. During the treatment it is important to observe the rules of oral hygiene.
To prevent dryness of the eyes, the patient is prescribed the regular use of artificial tears, and buried in the nose saline . If vaginal dryness use special tools to its moistening.
Prevent the manifestation of dry bronchi allows reception expectorants. If you have problems with the gastrointestinal tract advisable substitution treatment enzymes .
It is important to remember that the worsening of the disease can cause stress, so it is important to ensure the stability of mental state. Using special tools is to maintain normal humidity in the room. With timely treatment of early stage Sjogren's syndrome without joining infections disease in the majority of cases it is possible to suspend.
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