Sclerosis

December 17, 2012

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Sclerosis   - Is a medical term that is used to determine the replacement process of the parenchyma of more dense connective tissue. Sclerosis - it is not an independent disease, but a manifestation of other major diseases.

The reasons for this phenomenon in the body can serve a variety of processes: blood circulation disorders, inflammatory changes that occur in the human body due to age.

Sclerosis may develop in different organs. Thus, when cardiosclerosis   changes occur in the heart, with atherosclerosis   - In the walls of blood vessels, with nephrosclerosis   - In the kidney, with pnevmoskleroze - Lung et al.

Multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis - A disease of the central nervous system, has a chronic course. Unfortunately, to date there are no drugs that would be completely cured the disease. But a number of therapeutic methods allows to suspend the progress of the disease. Preventive treatment of multiple sclerosis can significantly slow the course of the disease, prolong remission, reduce the number and frequency of exacerbations of multiple sclerosis.

The causes of multiple sclerosis

About The exact cause of MS is still not known. Experts talk about the autoimmune nature of the disease. It is a central nervous system controls the operation of all systems and organs of the human body. It consists of the brain and spinal cord. In view of the nature of autoimmune diseases the immune system   It attacks the body's own cells. Consequently, multiple sclerosis affects the cells of the brain and spinal cord.

But there are other theories about the origin of this disease in humans. Therefore, physicians tend to treat multiple sclerosis, like polyetiology disease . This means that the cause of the disease - is a combination of several factors. This is a malfunction in the immune system, external influences, diseases of an infectious nature, as well as genetic predisposition.

Symptoms of multiple sclerosis

MS symptoms varied with the possibility of their various combinations. Talking about the symptoms of the disease and explain to the patient what it is, physicians emit more than 50 different signs of the disease that can occur in each case. Depending on certain characteristics of the disease and conditions of the person ( pregnancy , Concomitant illness) is defined by the severity and duration of symptoms.

When the disease are diagnosed most often in multiple sclerosis identifies the most common symptoms. We are talking about a depression, constant fatigue, feeling of numbness or tingling in the hands and feet. It is also noted dysfunction of bladder and bowel . a variety of sexual dysfunction . dizziness . periodic tremors and pain . ataxia . impaired cognitive nature . eye problems . However, these signs may be indicative of other diseases and, therefore, to put a patient diagnosed with "multiple sclerosis" solely on the basis of certain symptoms should not be.

The life expectancy of people with the disease depends on timely diagnosis and proper treatment approach. If the patient does everything strictly on doctor's advice, the duration of his life is normal.

Diagnostics

Diagnosing multiple sclerosis is not easy, because its symptoms are typical for many other diseases. Method to determine the exact diagnosis of multiple sclerosis to date does not exist. Therefore, if there is suspicion of a disease using complex methods. First of all, the doctor is studying a medical history, conducting neurological examination. Patients received MRI, lumbar puncture. To rule out other diseases, practiced by a laboratory blood test.

Relapse types

With the development of recurrence in a patient aggravated by symptoms that existed before, or develop new symptoms. Relapse of MS also referred to the attack, or exacerbation of the disease. On the causes of periodic exacerbations of the disease and do not know exactly until today. Different patients, as the severity of symptoms and duration of the disease varies markedly. Sometimes some of the symptoms disappear on their own within a few days. But a number of manifestations of the disease in its recurrence significantly impair quality of life.

The majority of patients diagnosed with the so-called remittent multiple sclerosis. In this case, alternate periods of remission and exacerbation. This remission may last even several years.

Another type of multiple sclerosis - secondary-progressive . In this case, there is a significant deterioration in symptoms. Approximately half of patients with remitting type of disease in the first ten years, appears secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.

With primary progressive form of the disease, which occurs in about 15% of patients, no remission or recurrence of the disease is not observed, but the symptoms are progressing steadily.

Less often (about 10% of cases) is celebrated progressively-recurrent   multiple sclerosis. In this form of the disease symptoms progresses, but relapses occur periodically acute illness.

Treatment

In discussing the treatment of multiple sclerosis patients, primarily interested in how multiple sclerosis is curable. At the present time it is not known a single case of a complete cure of this disease. But the use of drugs preventive therapy Allow to postpone the development of new symptoms, and significantly reduce the number and frequency of relapses. In this case, widely used immunomodulatory agents, preparations of monoclonal antibodies, chemotherapy.

A scheme of how to treat multiple sclerosis in an individual case, the doctor will take into account the specific symptoms of the disease and assigns exactly a cure for multiple sclerosis, which is able to facilitate their display. However, when the symptoms of multiple sclerosis are applied not only to the particular manifestation of the tablet. If a patient goes to a specialized medical center, he was also appointed physiotherapy therapies, as well as specially designed diet . Can practice also supports the treatment of folk remedies. Thanks to the constant work of researchers on the issue of treatment of multiple sclerosis appears regularly something new in the treatment of disease.

In recurrent disease patients are often prescribed large doses of corticosteroids preparatov-, reducing the duration of a relapse.

The doctors are very cautious about the forecasts about the course of multiple sclerosis. But there is a statistic that shows that the more favorable prognosis if the disease onset 35 years; sick woman; the duration of the intervals between the big diseases; relapse occurs after a full recovery.

In multiple sclerosis, it is important to avoid infections, since even ARI can provoke an aggravation of the disease. Patients should not be allowed to overheat, overwork Too abundant there. Negative impact on the patient's condition and stress.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis   also known as motor neuron disease. It is a disease of the nervous system, which has a progressive chronic, during which selectively affects the central and peripheral motor neurons. In this state, a person has been the growing weakness of the shoulder and pelvic girdle, bulbar muscles, trunk and abdominal muscles, and the oculomotor muscles and sphincters of the pelvic organs are affected to a lesser extent. Treatment of the disease is ongoing, courses.

Typically, the disease occurs sporadically, rarely occur familial cases. A person can get sick at any age, but often the disease develops in people after 50 years.

It is assumed that the disease causing virus. The disease develops slowly, sometimes a person does not notice it starts. The first weakness is gradually developing the distal portions of the hands, there may be difficulty in speech. Later, an expert reveals the presence of atrophy and paresis distal segments of the small muscles of hands. Gradually Progression paresis and atrophy, which can spread to other parts of the body muscles. In addition to these symptoms in a patient observed symptoms that indicate lesion pyramidal system.

Over time the patient has swallowing disorders, articulation, phonation. They gradually become more pronounced. Language of moves is limited, has a place of its atrophy. The patient is observed pharyngeal reflex, there is a constant salivation due to the inability to swallow saliva.

If there is a weakness of the muscles of the neck, the head of the patient can hang, and limited movement. Over time, the weakening mimic and chewing muscles. In humans, the lower jaw, it becomes difficult to chew. It is also possible involuntary laughter, crying.

Doctors are three types of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: bulbar . cervicothoracic . lumbosacral . The disease is always progressive in nature.

Diagnosis of the disease includes the determination of the presence of characteristic symptoms. Also, patients underwent electromyography, data which can confirm the defeat of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord. To clarify the diagnosis performed MRI of the cervical spine and myelography.

Existing therapies to date do not allow completely cure the disease. Patients should be monitored regularly several doctors of different specialties. Patients assigned to receive riluzona .   Vitamin E . B vitamins . Also practiced treatment nootropics . ATP . anabolic hormones . To improve neuromuscular conduction, treatment practices dibazolom . neostigmine methylsulfate . oksazilom . It is also practiced by the use of other drugs, a light massage sessions limbs.

The disease can last from two to ten years, and the prognosis is poor. The patient dies from paralysis of the respiratory center, exhaustion, intercurrent infections. If a person also has bulbar disturbances, he can not live more than two years.

Sclerosis of cerebral vessels

Sclerosis of cerebral vessels   ( cerebral atherosclerosis ) - A disease that is relatively frequent. In the process of its development occurs vascular lesions musculo-elastic type. Thus gradually formed foci of lipid deposits in the intima of vessels in the brain. They may be single or multiple. In the development of vascular disease is gradually deformed and narrowed. Sometimes there is a complete obliteration of the vessel. As a consequence, there is a chronic, slowly growing lack of supply of the body, which is powered via the infected vascular sclerosis of the brain.

The most common symptoms of this disease, as well as vascular lesions of the lower limbs, seen in people after the age of twenty, but the most common disease among people over the age of 50 years.

As a rule, the manifestation of the disease is caused by a hereditary factor. However, the disease begins to develop under the influence of the factors stimulating its manifestations. Too often emotional stress . diabetes . arterial hypertension . alimentary obesity . physical inactivity . smoking .

Symptoms vary and depend on where the disease is localized, and where the spreading process. Diagnosis is based on the availability of certain vascular lesions.

For the treatment of diseases used techniques designed to stop the progression of the disease and ways to enhance the development of detour blood flow.

As a therapy practice to ensure the regular activities of the muscles, which are special exercises. Special attention is paid to food and the patient. In his diet should contain equal amount of vegetable and animal fats, since weight gain is not desirable for the disease. If a person already has a excess weight , You should get rid of him.

Furthermore, it is important to provide systemic treatment of diseases that accompany sclerosis. We can not allow a sharp decrease in blood sugar, as well as reducing blood pressure.

Subchondral sclerosis

Subchondral sclerosis - A disease that affects the joints. In the development of the disease articular cartilage degenerates, whereby changes occur articular surface. The incidence increases markedly with age. Subchondral sclerosis is divided into primary and secondary forms. In the first case, the cause of the disease is severe overload the spine, wherein the disease progresses in a healthy cartilage. In the second case, the illness develops in the previously injured cartilage, which has undergone a negative impact due to injury, Arthritis   or the influence of other violations.

Subchondral sclerosis of the end plates of the vertebral bodies often occurs during the development of the person osteochondrosis . spondylitis . It is important to appoint a competent diagnosis and timely treatment of the disease. Practiced different methods of treatment, but if the disease is too advanced, the doctor can make the decision and prompt intervention.

Sclerosis, prostate, lung

Besides the above described types often sclerosis patients diagnosed Prostate sclerosis or   light . In the first case there is a gradual regeneration of sclerotic prostate cancer, which develops due to the inflammatory process. In the development of this disease lose elasticity and permeability vesicourethral segment. This in turn leads to chronic urinary retention. In most cases, this disease is preceded by chronic prostatitis form. The disease often affects relatively young men.

Sclerosis of the lungs ( pneumosclerosis ) - Is the process of proliferation of connective tissue in the lungs, which ultimately leads to the dysfunction of the lung. The disease often develops as a result of tuberculosis, acute and protracted pneumonia. Provided cardiogenic pulmonary fibrosis, which is diagnosed in people suffering from prolonged stagnation in the affected myocardium, aorta, with heart defects.

Tuberous sclerosis

Tuberous sclerosis also called Bourneville disease . The name of the disease there is a Latin word tuber, which stands for "build-up", "tumor". This is a rare disease of genetic nature, the development of which in different organs appear benign. Because of the very wide range of different symptoms of the disease has polisistemny character. If tumors originate in the brain, the patient can develop epilepsy , Reduced intelligence. With the defeat of the internal organs having a variety of symptoms of the disease. At initial diagnosis is important characteristic appearance of tumors in the fundus and facial skin.

As a rule, the disease manifests itself in children in the first year of life. They observed skin lesions, seizures, and intellectual disability. Often these signs also joins hydrocephalus . With age, the child has seizures become more frequent, with the decline in intelligence progresses. Patients with this diagnosis live to 25 years. Once the diagnosis are assigned symptomatic therapy aimed mainly on the suspension of seizures. It is important to ensure continuity of treatment.

In common parlance, there is also the expression " from tarchesky sclerosis ". It is used in speaking of a variety of disorders of memory in the elderly. But in fact there is no such a disease, as the expression is clearly derived from the term "cerebral atherosclerosis", i.e. cerebral atherosclerosis, and in which is shown Dementia   older people.