Amoxicillin

Description overdue on 02-02-2012

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Antibiotik.Otnositsya the group semisynthetic penicillins , Has a wide spectrum of bactericidal action is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms. The mechanism of action of antibacterial drugs based on the inhibition peptidoglycan synthesis   (an essential component of the membrane of bacterial cells), which leads to the destruction of bacteria ( lysis ). Amoxicillin is not effective against microorganisms that are learned in the process of natural selection to synthesize an enzyme that destroys penicillin   and its derivatives - penitsillinazou . In the stomach, the drug is not destroyed or modified by the action of gastric juice resistant to acid, is absorbed in the intestine has high bioavailability   (enters the bloodstream almost entirely).

Indications:

Amoxicillin is widely used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible microorganisms. Indications for use of the antibiotic serve respiratory tract infections   (pneumonia, bronchitis) diseases of sinuses   (sinusitis, sinusitis), infectious inflammation of the larynx and lymphatic pharyngeal ring ( tonsillitis . pharyngitis ). Amoxicillin is effective against pathogens of otitis media. In urology and nephrology used to treat pyelonephritis . pielita , Inflammatory infection in the bladder ( cystitis ), Prostate ( prostatitis ) And the urethra ( urethritis ). Part of the treatment regimen gonorrhea . In gynecology Amoxicillin prescribed for endometritis . cervicitis . Gastroenterologists find the possibility of antibiotic therapy in abdominal infections (cholangitis,   cholecystitis ). In dermatology Amoxicillin prescribed for the presence of infectious and inflammatory skin lesions (birthmarks, secondarily infected Medicine ). Infectious department Amoxicillin is used in the treatment of infectious diseases such as the menacing listeria . leptospirosis   and Lyme disease It is also effective against the pathogen dysentery   and salmonellosis . When infection of the meninges ( meningitis ) Amoxicillin may be included in the regimen. In cardiology applies to prevent   endocarditis .

Contraindications:

Many patients have a history of life-threatening allergic reaction to certain antibiotics. This need not be the antibiotics penicillin as possible cross-sensitization . In all these cases it is better to refrain from amoxicillin or not to start it without holding allergy tests . In case of direct data of a patient's allergic reaction to penicillin and its derivatives are amoxicillin strictly contraindicated. If history is evidence of hypersensitivity to any drugs, Amoxicillin should be used with caution. The same is true with respect to the use of the drug in the treatment of pregnant women. The presence of a patient such as a viral disease kissing disease   (caused by a type of herpes virus) can not use Amoxicillin.

Side effect:

Traditionally, antibiotics characterized by a large number of potential side effects, among which in the first place an allergic reaction: the most characteristic manifestations in the form hives , Erythematous rash or redness of the skin commonplace, and can lead to serious complications: angioedema . exudative erythema multiforme   or exfoliative dermatitis. Rhinitis and conjunctivitis are allergic reactions manifested by the mucous membranes. Extreme allergic reactions - anaphylactic shock. Digestive tract   may respond to therapy with amoxicillin dysbiosis   (characteristic of any antibiotic), and less specific symptoms - the violation of the taste analyzer, nausea and vomiting, intestinal disorders. Because of the possible development of dysbiosis stomatitis   and glossitis In fact, they tend to cause the patients and taste disturbances. The liver can respond to the use of the drug moderate increase in liver transaminases forms. Increased agitation, insomnia, anxiety - these are signs of side effects the nervous system In rare cases - ataxia, changes in behavior, confusion, convulsions and even depression. Peripheral department can respond neuropathies . In the blood during treatment with amoxicillin can adversely affect the morphological picture: neutropenia, leukopenia, anemia, decrease in the number of platelets. Due to the suppression of normal microflora in long-term drug therapy may develop vaginal candidiasis.

Mode of application:

Amoxicillin is produced by the pharmaceutical industry in the form of tablets and capsules of 1 gram of 250 and 500 milligrams. It is also possible to meet such a release form as solutions and suspensions for internal use. The bottle produced powder for injection at a dosage of one gram. Adult Amoxicillin administered in a dosage of half a gram three times a day, with prolonged or severe cases the dosage may be increased up to gram per reception. Children older than 10 years of amoxicillin administered in the same dosages (preferably use the drug in the form of a suspension). From five to ten years - 250 milligrams three times, up to five years - 125 three times. Up to two years - a rate of 20 milligrams per kilogram of body weight. For the treatment of gonorrhea Amoxicillin assigned once in a dose of 3 grams, preferably in a treatment regimen include one gram probenatsida . Women are encouraged to enter this combination of antibiotics twice.

Special instructions:

When concomitant administration of estrogensoderjath contraceptives   and amoxicillin is recommended to use additional contraceptive measures. Prolonged treatment of amoxicillin should monitor liver function and blood-forming organs. When treating sepsis   Amoxicillin is necessary to foresee the possibility of reaction bacteriolysis   (Jarisch-Herxheimer). Overdose is fraught with vomiting and severe diarrhea, which in itself can lead to a breach of water and electrolyte balance . Key measures in overdose are as gastric lavage, the appointment of activated carbon to the patient or other enterosorbents. Showing preparations for the normalization of water-electrolyte balance - for mild overdose of a drink, in severe cases - in the form of infusion. Chance of hemodialysis.

Drug Interactions:

When applied together with amoxicillin bactericidal antibiotics ( rifampicin Cephalosporins, aminoglycosides), there has been increasing effect when used with bacteriostatic drugs (tetracyclines, macrolides, sulfonamides) - attenuation. Increases efficiency anticoagulants   (since it inhibits hepatic vitamin K) inhibits the activity of oral contraceptives. Amoxicillin potentiates the toxic effect Methotrexate It accelerates absorption Digoxin . Antacids and eating slow the absorption of amoxicillin in the intestine.