Dysphagia (swallowing disorders)

August 19, 2013

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Dysphagia   - A condition in which a person feels when passing food through the esophagus gets stuck. It is sometimes marked tenderness. When dysphagia should be treated first and foremost to the otolaryngologist may also need to consult other specialists - a gastroenterologist, neurologist, psychotherapist.

What are the symptoms of dysphagia?

Dysphagia   there may be a person in the case of illness, he developed esophageal, pharynx, and organs located close. Violation of the swallow sometimes entail problems in the nervous system, as well as psychological reasons. If the violation of the act of swallowing and passage of food through the esophagus is aggravated, the patient may gradually develop nutritional deficiencies in the body, and in severe cases - and exhaustion. In such cases, the power in violation of swallowing must be adjusted.

The process of swallowing involves alternate contraction and relaxation of muscles, which eventually leads to the fact that the food through the throat, and then through the esophagus into the stomach. When dysphagia, these processes are being violated.

Pain when swallowing food, and is often accompanied by other features. Due to the fact that pain is manifested in the throat when swallowing, coughing person can, so that the food is in the nasopharynx. Sometimes the food can go back and poured through the nose. Severe pain when swallowing often accompanies heartburn , The sense voltage constant salivation. At a time when the food passes through the esophagus, a person may feel that there is pain when swallowing his Adam's apple. Sometimes this involves a feeling of suffocation, and in some species of dysphagia swallowing felt chest pain. In the area of ​​the sternum discomfort appears: This person seems like a lump of food stopped in the esophagus and could not advance further. Later, the pain is felt in the esophagus when swallowing food. If the pain in the throat when swallowing is felt for more than one week should see a doctor to watch the beginning of a serious illness.

It should be noted that the neck pain on swallowing, and can be observed in viral infections - Flu or colds . In this case dysphagia accompanied by other symptoms. This is an acute sore throat, fever, muscle pain, weakness, and others.

What causes dysphagia?

Causes of failure involve swallowing in this process at various stages. Often the reason for this phenomenon may be a severe illness. So, if there is a violation of swallowing stroke , Swallowing disorder at osteochondrosis and others. In some diseases dysphagia should be treated without delay, since it can lead to serious complications. For example, violation of swallowing after a stroke can trigger the beginning aspiration pneumonia .

Experts distinguish dysphagia oropharyngeal and oesophageal . In turn, determined by the upper, lower and middle oropharyngeal dysphagia.

Upper dysphagia It manifested in diseases of the thyroid gland, lymph nodes. Also, the reason for this phenomenon may be diseases of the spine and muscles, disorders of the nervous regulation of injury. Impaired swallowing displayed and burns of the mouth and throat, both chemical and thermal. Dysphagia also occurs in the presence of defects in the anatomy of the mouth, for example, in people with cleft palate.

Average dysphagia   developing with diseases of the posterior mediastinum. This cardiovascular diseases, diseases of the lymphatic vessels, connective tissue, nerves.

Lower dysphagia - A consequence of tumors and cysts of the diaphragm. Also, a phenomenon sometimes occurs with an increase in the spleen and liver.

The second type of dysphagia - Esophageal Dysphagia - also divided into three types. It is a high, middle and lower dysphagia.

Occurrence high esophageal dysphagia often associated with spasms of the esophagus mouth, protrusion of the esophageal wall. Also, this type of dysphagia develops in chronic and acute inflammation of the larynx and pharynx, in contact with foreign bodies.

Average esophageal dysphagia   - A consequence of neuromuscular disorders, tumors, ulcers and others.

Occurrence lower esophageal dysphagia   associated with dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter. Also, this type of dysphagia is manifested in the development of hiatal hernia, in tumors, diverticula.

Thus, dysphagia esophagus often develops as a result of various diseases. Dysphagia syndrome arises from the failure of the function of muscles and nerves. That is why developing dysphagia in stroke and dysphagia The above classification shows what kind of disease often provoke symptoms of dysphagia.

In addition to the disease develops in the functional dysphagia multiple sclerosis . Scleroderma . achalasia . Parkinson's disease . Dysphagia nervosa usually is not permanent. Its appearance provokes a certain kind of food (hot, spicy, cold food). It is common for people who are prone to constant stress and unhealthy diet (mostly cold food). However, sometimes nervous dysphagia, which lasts a very long time, leads to severe depletion of the body.

The paradoxical dysphagia   - A swallowing disorder, which is characterized by an easier passage through the esophagus solid foods compared with the liquid. Also, the person easier to swallow large chunks than chewed food.

Pain when swallowing sometimes occurs in people who smoke a lot, due to exposure to chemical irritants, because of allergy, due to chronic sinus infections.

How to get rid of dysphagia?

To correct this condition, the doctor initially conducting a comprehensive study. Practiced as a detailed survey and instrumental investigations. Can carried out X-ray of the esophagus, neck and chest, laringospkopicheskoe research. If there is suspicion of tumor development, biopsy. If you want to practice and other studies.

Treatment of esophageal dysphagia depends primarily on the cause of its development. That is, the complex treatment of the disease, the symptoms of which she is. If the violation occurred as a result of swallowing swallowed or foreign body in the throat, the treatment of dysphagia is to his removal. In the presence of the tumor was compulsory consultation of the oncologist. Given the fact that the tumor, a symptom of which is the dysphagia may be signs of cancer, the treatment of dysphagia folk remedies without a visit to the doctor is best not to practice. Sometimes the tumor is surgically removed. If you want to practice radiation therapy or other methods aimed at suspending the progression of cancer.

If the cause of the disease - is disorders of the nervous system , Consult a psychotherapist. It is important to strictly adhere to the assigned diet: eat only in clearly defined time in the pose, which will tell the doctor, to take food in the form of puree.

When muscle dysfunctions practiced special exercises aimed at increasing their activities. However, sometimes it is necessary to carry out the expansion of the esophagus.

If dysphagia - a consequence of gastroesophageal reflux or esophagitis, patients received those drugs that reduce gastric acidity. Sometimes swallowing disorders disappear after a person takes antacids. In the most severe cases, the patient is assigned to a meal by gavage or nutrients are administered intravenously.

People who at the time already noted symptoms of dysphagia, it is advisable to follow some rules to avoid its re-development. Eating should be calm, slow. Do not talk at the same time as air enters into the esophagus, which makes the promotion of foods. Eating cold food should be excluded completely. It is important to monitor the temperature and food and drink - optimal use warm, not hot food and drinks. After the food is not immediately necessary to go as horizontally food can fall back into the esophagus, which contribute to the exacerbation of diseases causing dysphagia. For about two hours after a meal you should not lean forward. One should not be too tight belts and corsets. Another important point - the timely treatment of all diseases that cause dysphagia.