Dermatitis

October 30, 2011

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Dermatitis   (from the Greek. derma   - The skin) - is an inflammatory skin lesion that develops as a result of exposure to the various environmental factors. Species dermatitis set, for example, allergic . perioral . atopic dermatitis   and many others. Adverse factors affecting the skin, can be chemical . mechanical . physical   and several others.

Atopic dermatitis   It appears as a consequence of contact with irritants ( allergens ), In patients who have a hypersensitivity to them. The basis of this type of dermatitis is a delayed-type reaction, and then has a value of predisposition to allergic reactions. Usually slow response is as follows: the allergen reaches the skin, its capture cells epidermis In response, the immune system forms antibodies So that the person becomes hypersensitive to the allergen. Such a reaction to allergen exposure may develop several weeks, symptoms of dermatitis during this period may increase or vice versa disappear. The most common irritants are various chemicals in paints, synthetic adhesives, turpentine and its components, the salts of cobalt and chromium, as well as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, stylish powders, and some plants (primrose, angelica, etc..).

At contact dermatitis   substances to penetrate the skin can cause inflammation due to an allergic or other reaction. Contact dermatitis may occur in contact with skin of various biological, mechanical, or other irritants. Severity of symptoms of the disease depends on the time and the strength of the stimulus.

Perioral dermatitis   most often affects young women and children, and is manifested in localized rashes ( papules ) Perioral region (near the mouth, and (or) the eyelids and eye). It is believed that the main role in the development of the disease play a variety of ointments and creams, which is composed of corticosteroid hormones Which are used in the treatment of blackheads   and other skin disorders, Rosacea   and seborrheic dermatitis . A possible cause of perioral dermatitis can be and use of fluoride toothpaste. Some note the connection with perioral dermatitis hormonal dysfunction   and gastrointestinal diseases.

Symptoms of dermatitis

The symptoms of contact dermatitis may be the appearance of puffiness, redness lung, blistering, rash as red dots and spots, and prolonged action of a strong stimulus - the formation of cracks and sores on the skin. The area of ​​the defeat of the stimulus - the same as the area of ​​its contact with the skin.

Symptoms of allergic dermatitis form very similar to as contact dermatitis manifests itself, however, occur more acutely observed itch . peeling . hyperemia . There may be a rash, which are grouped, gradually forming crusts. Symptoms such dermatitis sometimes be similar to the symptoms eczema   ( moknushy zoster ). Also, the inflammation may spread beyond the area where it has been the impact of the stimulus.

The symptoms of perioral dermatitis manifested in the appearance of fine reddish papules ( nodules ) And pustules, mainly around the mouth, cheeks, around the eyes. Lesions usually appear gradually over several days or weeks. Redness of the skin is enhanced by taking spicy food. A feature of these lesions are thin rim of healthy skin that is inflamed adjoins the border of lips. Inflamed papules cause itching and burning, the skin is pulled together, sometimes there is an intolerance of moisturizers and other cosmetics.

The main reasons for which an allergic or contact dermatitis, can be divided into exogenous   and Endogenous Ie acting from the outside and the inside of the body.

The external factors include:

• chemical : Alkalis, acids, paints, alkali metals (nickel, chromium, cobalt), synthetic materials and resins, mercury compounds, etc.
• biological : Various plants (ivy, hemlock, cow parsnip, ragweed, chrysanthemums, tulips, and others.), Bacteria, fungi
• physical : X-ray and radioactive radiation effect on the skin is very high and low temperatures, as well as electric current, etc.
• mechanical : Pressure, skin friction

Endogenous factors of dermatitis include:

• metabolic disorders and various endocrine disorders ( scleroderma )
• drugs (antibiotics, procaine, etc.)
• foods (e.g., strawberries, etc.)

Causes of perioral dermatitis are specifically sensitive to cosmetics and medicines (lipstick, creams, lotions), which is composed of corticosteroids, fluorinated toothpaste, sun exposure, synthetic fabrics, etc.

Diagnosis of dermatitis

For the diagnosis of "dermatitis", as contact and allergic, carried out blood tests ( eosinophilia ), Which is an empty stomach. In allergic dermatitis in a patient there is an increase of eosinophils - leukocyte cells. There may be various allergological tests, such as tests on the skin. These skin tests ( RTML . RSAL   et al.) are applied to the skin in an allergen and determining the response to it. Skin tests are applicative   (applying to the surface of the skin) and skarifikatsionnye   (by applying a needle stick, etc.).

Increasing Ig E   Blood usually indicates that the stimulus is an allergic nature. Also, a dermatologist (or allergist) must carry out a visual inspection of the patient and listen to complaints.

Therefore, the appearance of bubbles and pronounced reddening of the skin is as soon as possible to see a doctor for timely diagnosis.

Dermatitis Treatment

The basic principle of treatment of dermatitis is the elimination of an allergen and compliance hypoallergenic diet . Type allergen determines diagnosis dermatitis, whereupon the necessary drugs are assigned. To eliminate an allergen appointed antihistamines ( tavegil . Claritin . telfast . suprastin ) Hyposensitizing ( calcium gluconate ), Sedatives ( glycine . Persen , Fees herbs), corticosteroid substances ( lokoid . tselestoderm . sinaflana . belosalik ). If symptoms are mild dermatitis, it is assigned to local treatment (creams, aerosols), in more advanced cases - antihistamines and other drugs inside.

Subject hypoallergenic diet to exclude the following products: citrus fruits, fish, mushrooms, sausage, eggs, milk, chocolate, coffee, strawberry, honey.

In addition, vitamin and can be administered ( riboflavin . Ascorutinum . AT 6 ) And physiotherapy   (cryomassage etc.). Also, there is a treatment of opportunistic diseases. With proper treatment, the prognosis is very favorable.

Treatment of allergic dermatitis form is to identify the allergen and eliminating its effect on the skin, the use of external funds and, in complicated cases - the use of sedatives and antihistamines. In the presence of bubbles on the skin used bandages with decoction of herbs, or with a solution of boric acid.

If improvements need to take care of the skin, protect it from sunlight.

In the treatment of contact dermatitis using wet-drying bandage, and after drying bubbles - Special corticosteroid ointment.

Dermatitis treated with oral antihistamines to relieve itching. Apply a lotion with chamomile and sage, tetracycline ointment . They may also be assigned and antibiotics ( erythromycin . methacycline   etc.). Also, be sure to abandon the previously used cosmetics, creams and ointments. Normally, by following the instructions of a doctor, a noticeable improvement comes after a couple of weeks, there is usually no recurrence. It is also necessary to comply with sparing diet, do not eat sour, smoked, salty and spicy, as well as alcohol and coffee.

Complications of dermatitis

If untreated, allergic dermatitis, eczema can be transformed into, and long-term use of hormonal agents for perioral dermatitis can lead to a thinning of the skin and the appearance of acne hormone. Also, complications may dermatitis to the main bacterial disease ( pyoderma ) Or viral infections, as well as gradual skin atrophy, i.e. violation of its protective properties. When pyoderma pustules appear on the skin, and then drying soil crust, which is often accompanied by fever. Thus, if there were first signs of dermatitis it is better to consult a doctor. Among the preventive measures you can mark the observance of a healthy lifestyle, early treatment of various diseases, as well as compliance with safety at work.