Venous insufficiency

July 2, 2012

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Venous insufficiency   - It is a disease that develops in humans as a consequence of failure, deep vein valves. This disease is found today very often, but in most cases the disease progresses unnoticed for a long time. As the medical statistics, chronic venous insufficiency affects about 60% of people of working age. But only a tenth of the patients are receiving adequate treatment of this disease. Basically this problem, patients are turning to medical practitioners. It is therefore important to establish the correct diagnosis expert.

Reasons venous insufficiency

Since the development of venous insufficiency is directly related to bipedalism, most people have seen it chronic venous insufficiency of the lower limbs .

Global causes of venous insufficiency is a number of features of life of modern people. First of all, total physical inactivity , Permanent residence in a sitting or standing in the daily work. In addition, the causes of certain diseases are inherent features of the hormonal status and cardiovascular system, which provokes the deterioration of the venous outflow of blood. The development of chronic venous insufficiency is often the result of the same factors that trigger expression of a person Varicose Veins , and thrombosis   the deep veins of the legs.

It is important to bear in mind that provoking factors for venous insufficiency is smoking, as well as pregnancy . Cheerleaders must also have the presence of relatives of varicose veins.

With age, the person increases the risk of developing venous insufficiency: it often develops in people who are over 50 years old. The disease is most often diagnosed in women.

The mechanism of venous insufficiency

Venous valves have both deep And in superficial veins . If the patient developed deep vein thrombosis, the blockage of the lumen occurs. And if after a while the lumen is restored due process recanalization . But if the lumen of the veins is reduced, their valves can not be recovered. As a result, the veins lose their elasticity, develop fibrosis. And as a result of the destruction of vein valves in the patient stops the blood flow.

Gradually, the patient develops chronic venous insufficiency. If there is damage to the valves of deep veins of the legs, the reverse blood flow in the veins occurs freely, since the main function of the valves - prevent the reverse flow of blood through the veins of the legs. As a result, increased blood pressure, and plasma passes through the venous wall tissue surrounding the vessels. Fabrics gradually become denser, thereby squeezing the small vessels in the ankles, shins. The result of this process is ischemia Due to which patients have sores Which are considered one of the main symptoms of venous insufficiency.

Symptoms of venous insufficiency

According to statistics, subcompensated   and decompensated   form of chronic venous insufficiency affects about one in every seven people in the world. If chronic venous insufficiency is actually a person develops venolimfaticheskaya failure as due to increased venous pressure also greatly increases the load on the lymph vessels.

Venous insufficiency may be manifested in different ways. As a general rule, a person complains of pain in the legs, the constant feeling of heaviness, evening leg swelling, which disappear in the morning. When venous insufficiency patient is gradually becoming his usual low shoes, as marked swelling. At night, the patient can be confusing convulsions . Also, changing the color of the skin on the lower leg, the skin is not as elastic as before. Viewed varicose veins, although in the early stages of the disease, they may not be shown. In addition, the patient feels constant fatigue, anxiety.

Stages of venous insufficiency

To distinguish the three different stages of chronic venous insufficiency. This is the stage of compensation and decompensation subcompensation. On first stage of disease   a man seen only a cosmetic defect that is visible varicose veins and telangiectasia. To diagnose the disease at this stage apply instrumental methods of investigation, and carried out special tests. These tests allow to assess the condition of valves, deep venous patency. Furthermore, in the process used to diagnose the disease flebomanometriya, phlebography, ultrasound scanning.

On the second stage of the disease (subindemnification)   a person has manifested trophic disorders have, at this stage reversible. At this stage, the patient complains of constant pain, the manifestation of leg cramps, severe fatigue, itching of the skin. Sometimes there is pigmentation of the skin may appear eczema . A lot of patients with stage subcompensation go to the doctor with complaints of cosmetic defects, as at this stage the state of vascular changes are already visible.

On third stage venous insufficiency (decompensation)   trophic disorders occur irreversible. Man suffers from symptoms of elephantiasis, venous ulcers. In the history of the patient can mean deep vein thrombophlebitis . varicosity . PE .

It provided four different forms of venous insufficiency: varicose . edematous pain . peptic   and mixed . Every form manifest both general and specific symptoms of venous insufficiency.

Complications of chronic venous insufficiency

The most commonly manifested complications of chronic venous insufficiency - a shin trophic tissue disorders That are progressive in nature. Initially seen hyperpigmentation Which some time later progressing to deep venous ulcers. In addition to local complications distant disease provokes reactions. Because the veins of the legs in the circulating blood volume becomes smaller in patients with chronic venous insufficiency of heart failure can occur. The presence in the body decay products of tissues provokes allergic reactions That cause dermatitis . venous eczema .

Diagnosis of chronic venous insufficiency

In the process of diagnosis of the disease the doctor is guided by the fact that the venous insufficiency is actually a symptom that is based on the failure of the valve and the vessel wall in the superficial and deep veins of the legs. The diagnostic process is important to determine which stage of the disease at this time takes place in the patient.

Furthermore, in the process of diagnosis is determined by the shape of chronic venous insufficiency. Initially, the expert drew attention to the presence of some signs of the disease: swelling of feet, typical pain, night cramps in the calf muscles, the presence of pigmentation in the lower part of the tibia, as well as eczema, dermatitis and trophic ulcers.

Mainly used in the diagnosis of ultrasonic examination methods: duplex ultrasound, Doppler ultrasound. To clarify the causes of symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency, may conduct venography.

Treatment of chronic venous insufficiency

Today, the treatment of venous insufficiency is produced using techniques that are assigned and other vascular diseases - varices . postthrombophlebitic syndrome .

The goal of therapy of this disease is, above all, the restoration of blood flow in the veins. As a consequence, it is reduced and the current lymph Disappear trophic changes reversible. Actively practiced the use of both conservative and surgical treatment of venous insufficiency.

Conservative treatment of venous insufficiency consists in applying a series fizmetodov and pharmaceuticals. When the integrated use of these funds the effect of the treatment will be the most high. Furthermore, it is important to determine which risk factors that directly affect the progression of the disease, have in each particular case. This may be a pregnancy, weight gain, specific stress in the workplace. Each patient should understand the possibility of further progress of chronic venous insufficiency and to take measures to prevent this process.

In order to surgery was not required in venous insufficiency of the lower limbs and in the future, it is important to adhere to all the rules of prevention of further development of venous insufficiency, apply compression therapy . Compression is performed using an elastic bandage bandaging limbs, wearing special compression stockings. Compression hosiery should be selected only after consultation with your doctor, as there are four classes of the jersey.

Equally important treatment medication phlebotropic drugs. Treatment of such means can significantly alleviate the patient's condition. For medical treatment of chronic venous insufficiency in the majority of cases, appointed by the preparations bioflavonoids . Their action is particularly effective in the early stages of the disease. Even if the patient takes these drugs for a long period, they do not have a negative impact on the body. If the treatment is carried out at the stage of payment, such therapy drugs last from one to two months, and repeated 2-3 times a year. At stage subcompensation duration of treatment increases to four months. The third stage of venous insufficiency treated with a six-month course of treatment with drugs bioflavonoids, after which the dose is reduced by half.

To date, most of the disease treatment is carried out with the use of preparations based on diosmina   and hesperidin . They are most effective when applied simultaneously. Furthermore, diosmin used for the prevention of venous insufficiency.

By the operating methods of treatment of venous insufficiency of currently resorted to only 10% of cases, since conservative therapies may greatly improve the quality of life in most cases. However, very often require surgical treatment of those patients who need to fix a cosmetic defect - varicose veins.

There are several commonly used surgical methods of therapy of venous insufficiency. Thus, the possibility of removing the conglomerate varicose veins, ligation of the place where the subcutaneous Vienna hip flows into the femoral vein. According to another procedure, performed in the tibia incision is done and ligation of perforating veins. This operation is performed when a patient is diagnosed valvular insufficiency of the perforating veins.

Implementation of the so-called operation Babcock is holding a cut at the beginning of the saphenous vein thigh. After that, the varicose vein type probe with a rounded end. Its end is displayed in the knee with a fixed vein.

With the development of a patient with venous insufficiency varicose veins is sometimes used sclerotherapy . This procedure was used for the treatment since ancient times. The technique consists of introducing into the vein of a special substance that promotes chemical attack on the vein wall and subsequent adhesion and imperforate. But this method is characterized by the manifestation of recurrence of the disease, thromboembolic complications. Sclerotherapy is prescribed if the patient varicose veins of small and medium caliber. The procedure was carried out using local anesthesia .

Also for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency of the practice of application of laser surgery, endoscopic removal of varicose veins. Methods of treatment should be offered only by a specialist after a detailed study and diagnosis.

Prevention of chronic venous insufficiency

To prevent the development of chronic venous insufficiency, it is necessary to prevent the manifestation of diseases that provoke its further progression. Methods of preventing such diseases involve the use of compression stockings, daily physical activity with adequate loads periodic exalted position of the legs, as well as regular breaks during prolonged sitting or standing. At half-time warm-up should be carried out or for some time to hold the limb in an elevated relaxed position. In some cases, it is advisable to periodically take a course phlebotropic drugs . To avoid problems with the vessels must always choose only the convenient, free and stable shoes. Women should not to wear shoes at very high heels.