Knee-joint. Damage to the meniscus

August 11, 2011

Related Articles:

• Remove the knee pain
• Prosthetic knee
• Reviews of patients Mukosate
• Koenig's disease (osteochondrosis Cleave articular surfaces)

Tweet

The knee joint is formed from patella   and femoral tibial . The articular surface of the bone is covered with cartilage tissue with a number of strong ligaments. Slipping in flexion-extension knee is ensured by joint fluid   and synovium . When driving joint stability depends on the ligaments, muscles and joint intraarticular hryaschik - menisci . Diseases of the musculoskeletal system   often associated with damage to the joints and in the above privacy and meniscus.

Meniscus   - A cartilage pad between the joints, stabilizing the knee joint and performs the role of a shock absorber. During the walk meniscus shrink and change shape. Menisci are divided into two types. Outdoor or lateral Resembling the letter O, more mobile than the internal, and therefore less likely undergoing trauma. Or internal meniscus mesial More static and associated lateral internal ligament, shaped like the letter S. medial meniscus often subject to frequent injury with ligament. Meniscus connected transverse ligament in front of the joint.

Damage to the menisci   - This is the most common type of injuries of the knee joint, is most common in men and athletes, at least - in the home.

Symptoms of damage to the meniscus of the knee joint

Damage to the menisci is acute   and chronic Respectively meniscus damage symptoms vary depending on its type. The following are its main manifestations:

• the patient complains severe pain, first of all knee, then localized pain, depending on which the meniscus is damaged, with the outer or inner side of the knee joint;
• Movement is sharply limited, the patient does not feel or feel a little pain when the leg is bent, while trying to extension pain increases;
• joint is increased in volume, an indicator that treatment should be started immediately;
• in extension appears clicking feeling, and infiltration of the capsule appeared effusion of the joint can be felt by hand. These symptoms appear damaged meniscus 2-3 weeks disease;
• when fixing the knee at an angle of 150 degrees and an attempt to bend the leg, the patient feels a sharp pain.
• in chronic damage to the patient feels a dull pain in the knee joint, aggravated by the descent down the stairs.

Diagnosis of meniscus injuries

Diagnosis is based on detailed patient questioning and examination. Due to the transparency of the meniscus for the X-ray fluoroscopy is ineffective. To establish a diagnosis helps Endoscopic arthroscopy   or magnetic resonance imaging .

Treatment of damaged meniscus of the knee joint

For first aid in injuries of the knee and the meniscus is applied clamping rail It is carried out anesthesia delivery and patient in a trauma hospital.

If necessary, the knee is removed from the blood and performed conservative treatment . At 4 weeks, the plaster cast is applied after removal - replacement therapy.

If conservative treatment is ineffective, it is recommended to perform an MRI ( MRIs ). If necessary, it is knee arthroscopy. This method is low-traumatic surgery, which has become an integral part in modern diagnosis and treatment of many forms of intra-articular pathologies, this treatment method is currently considered the "gold standard."

This injury diagnosis meniscus and a simultaneous treatment. Arthroscopy   - This study joint cavity using a special optical device, in which, if possible, carried crosslinking damaged meniscus. If stapling is not possible, as well as the localization of the damage in the extravascular produce complete or partial removal of the meniscus. Removal of the meniscus or meniscectomy Most often, 80% of cases, it is possible during the arthroscopy, in other cases the surgeon is forced to resort to arthrotomy, ie open surgery.

In the absence of the possibility to carry out arthroscopy performed puncture of the knee joint At which the solution is introduced novocaine . Then, special techniques reduce a pinched meniscus, the patient should be in a prone position on a fracture table. Trauma surgeons should produce movement, check the movements that led to the injury. Once the meniscus falls into place, all the movements in the joint restored immediately. After meniscus vpravlen treatment ends. To fix the leg cast is applied, the damaged leg while bent at a certain angle in the knee joint.

The term immobilization after injury were treated meniscus and casting is 3 weeks. After removing the plaster cast appointed physiotherapy   and exercise therapy . In cases where the patient is re-blockade of the joint, a condition called long-standing damage to the meniscus. In old damaged meniscus usually occurs inflammation of the lining of the joint, called synovitis , There is a constant aching pain in the joint, which increases when walking and especially when descending the stairs. Perhaps the development of concomitant disease damaging the knee joint, such as Cleave osteochondrosis   articular surfaces or Koenig's disease . Such a condition is almost always leads to frequent blockade of the joint. There is a need to remove " joint myshtsi "Surgically. After the operation, applied on the leg tight bandage or plaster splint. An important prerequisite is the early recovery Therapeutic exercises.

Complications of meniscal injuries

When complications may develop deforming arthrosis , Premature wear or blockage intraarticular cartilage of the knee joint. Suddenly encountered pain when moving. Perhaps for the treatment required surgery.

Preventing damage to the meniscus

As a precaution meniscus damage in everyday life it is recommended to be careful when running, walking, going up and down stairs. Women are advised to go to a more stable shoe. Athletes in sports is recommended to use special fixing bandage ( knee pads ), If you can not use them, we can for the insurance, wrap the knee joints elastic bandage . Preventing damage to the meniscus avoids injury in 9 of 10 cases.