January 11, 2012
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Most cases of bronchitis occurs immediately after a person suffers Acute respiratory infections or colds. Because these diseases are quite common, bronchitis diagnosed as frequently, and over the life of a person may be ill with bronchitis several times. Subject to the application of the correct tactics of treatment of bronchitis can be cured within a few days after the start, however, cough passes are not as fast, and sometimes lasts a few weeks. Those who are sick with bronchitis very often may develop later chronic obstructive bronchitis .
Types of Bronchitis
To distinguish bronchitis sharp and bronchitis chronic . In acute bronchitis, the patient is acute diffuse inflammation of the mucous membrane trahiobronhialnogo tree. This dramatically increases the amount of bronchial secretions, a man appears strong cough in which the sputum.
In chronic bronchitis occurs progressive diffuse lesion of the bronchial tree, in which the mucous membrane of the secretory apparatus is rebuilt, and developed inflammation. The patient is amplified secretion of mucus , Broken cleansing and Protective the function of the bronchi . In patients diagnosed with chronic bronchitis, manifested cough with phlegm. At the same time this state lasts for several months of the year.
In acute and chronic bronchitis treatment of disease is significantly different.
Causes bronchitis
Bronchitis in children and adults caused by those same viruses that provoke ARI or colds . But it is a characteristic feature of bronchitis is the possibility of joining a secondary infection.
In some cases, the occurrence of bronchitis can cause long-term inhalation of smoke, dust, gases with toxic effects. Also, bronchitis can trigger hydrochloric acid, has gotten in some diseases in the larynx and esophagus from the stomach.
It is important to consider that a much higher risk of developing bronchitis are smokers or those who are constantly inhaling cigarette smoke. The latter is particularly important in the conditions of education of children in families with smoking parents. When a similar situation often develops in children bronchitis . SARS . pneumonia . bronchial asthma .
Also, the risk factor is the weakening of immunity due to chronic or acute diseases. Often suffer from bronchitis, those who have to constantly work in places where there are high levels of dust or chemicals.
Symptoms of bronchitis
At a constant cough sputum has a greenish or yellowish-gray, in some cases, it may appear admixture of blood. If, during the cough allocated only clear or whitish mass of slime, then the bacterial infection may be absent. Cough - is a manifestation of the protective ability of the body, which allows you to clear the airway. But it is important that the cough was wet, because only in this case can remove phlegm from the bronchial tubes.
During normal operation of the bronchi produce each day about 30 grams mucous secretion a. Mucus, which is produced during normal operation of the bronchial tubes, it is important to perform the barrier and protective function. Thanks to this mucus bronchi surface is not damaged, the air that breathes man humidified and heated, besides of foreign particles are removed.
The mucus contains a lot of biologically active points of substances which are capable of improving local immunity bronchi. When injected into the bronchi, infectious or non-infectious pathogens damaged cells of the bronchial mucosa. And as a result of inflammation of mucus viscosity increases, it grows up and its amount. Because of this person's breathing is difficult, easy to operate with violations, and in mucous secretion develop pathogens.
There are also other characteristic symptoms of bronchitis. In this disease a person often feels a spasm in the throat, sore throat, wheezing and there shortness of breath, may slightly increase the body temperature.
Diagnosis of bronchitis
During the diagnosis of acute bronchitis specialist first carefully listens to the bronchi and lungs of the patient, using a stethoscope. In order to obtain more accurate results, thus, eliminating the presence of pneumonia or other diseases, carried out X-ray examination. In most cases, the diagnosis is done without much difficulty by the use of data from medical history, as well as information about the presence of symptoms. But sometimes, for further diagnosis is required to get the results of laboratory tests.
To do this, first of all carried out general blood analysis The results of which will be in the presence of bronchitis leukocytosis , Increased ESR . With Biochemical blood tests uprated detected level of acute phase proteins in blood, increased activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme. In some cases, may develop hypoxemia . In the process of diagnosis is also possible to conduct
bacteriological examination and serological analysis .
To recognize the existence of a patient of chronic bronchitis, the doctor examines the clinical picture of the disease, analyzing the symptoms. During the interrogation of the patient, it is important to find out whether the smoker is not whether there is occupational hazards in the workplace, etc.
X-ray shows pulmonary not always change, but later develops pneumosclerosis . During exacerbation of chronic bronchitis may increase the number of leukocytes in blood. Also, X-ray examination eliminates the disease, the symptoms of which are similar to the symptoms of bronchitis: lung cancer . tuberculosis and other diseases.
To determine the patency of the bronchi, the values of lung volumes, gas exchange status using special methods of functional diagnostics. In some cases it is necessary to spend bronchoscopy And use other methods of diagnosis.
Also in the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis performed laboratory tests. Results blood count identify small leukocytosis and a slight increase ESR during an exacerbation. Biochemical analyzes demonstrate an increased level of sialic acid, seromucoid. If acute chronic purulent bronchitis, the analysis shows the presence of Vietnam . Furthermore, in the process of diagnosis of chronic bronchitis is performed analysis and bacteriological examination of sputum , and immunological studies .
Treatment of bronchitis
What is important is the regular intake of assets that produce expectorant effect. It Pertussin . alteynogo syrup . ammonia-anise drops and other means. If the patient has a high fever, it is appropriate reception acetylsalicylic acid . amidopirina . dimedrol . suprastin . Antibiotics bronchitis appointed if a disease also joins pneumonia .
If the patient is exacerbated chronic disease, the treatment of bronchitis is directed at eliminating inflammation in bronchi, improving their permeability, as well as restoration of immunological reactivity.
Antibiotics for bronchitis the form as prescribed. However, this person must choose the best course of taking these drugs to effectively suppress the activity of the infection. How long will last the course of antibiotic treatment, the doctor sets in each individual case.
Antibiotics for bronchitis should be individualized, taking into account the sensitivity of bronchial secretions.
Also, treatment of bronchitis involves the use of some home folk remedies. So, good treatment effect brings the use of inhalation with the release of volatile production garlic or onion. Such inhalation should be performed twice a day. The course includes twenty inhalations. Occasionally, patients with bronchitis prescribed physiotherapy.
Obstructive bronchitis
For acute obstructive bronchitis is characterized by bronchial obstruction syndrome. As a rule, the disease manifests itself in children in the second or third year of life. In this form of bronchitis symptoms of airflow obstruction often occur immediately after the onset of SARS. In more rare cases, obstructive bronchitis manifests itself in two or three days after the onset of the disease. The child is breathing heavily, while whistling breath, exhale lengthened and wheezing heard in the distance. Children manifest anxiety, but their general condition is satisfactory. The child can be kept normal body temperature. There is a swelling of the chest. Treatment of obstructive bronchitis is aimed at restoring patency of the bronchi. The application uses the same methods as in the treatment of acute bronchitis. Note, however, that the frequent complication is pneumonia, obstructive bronchitis.
Complications Bronchitis
The second group of complications directly stimulates the development of bronchitis. It emphysema . hemoptysis . pulmonary insufficiency . pulmonary heart .
The most serious complication of obstructive bronchitis sometimes becomes acute respiratory failure .
Prevention of bronchitis
In order to prevent the development or recurrence of bronchitis, should be mandatory to give up smoking. It is equally important to eliminate all the negative factors in the workplace or in the home, which badly affect the overall condition of the patient. After recovering from illness should periodically take vitamin complexes and tonics.
For the most effective prevention of bronchitis in children and adults should immediately treat all colds and inflammation of the throat to the lungs. And children and adults should be cleaned from time to sputum nasopharynx, to treat diseases of the ear, nose and throat. In the process of prevention of bronchitis is important to remove polyps, deviated septum change.
As a factor in preventing bronchitis in the future, it is important to stay on the coast in places with warm climates.
For the prevention of chronic bronchitis is important to deal with the special breathing exercises constantly tempered. Patients with chronic bronchitis should undergo regular checkups by a doctor.
To prevent the development of bronchitis in children, there should be no symptoms rhinitis chronic type, time to take all measures for the treatment of inflammation of the airways.
In adults, for the prevention of bronchitis is important to complete cessation of smoking, as well as the regular use of alcohol. Such abuses have a negative impact on the overall condition of the body and as a result, may appear bronchitis and other diseases.
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