Hydronephrosis

October 9, 2011

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Hydronephrosis   - A disease related to diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract, characterized by lesions kidney tissue   and the deterioration of the body works. The disease is based violation of the outflow of urine Which increases the hydrostatic pressure in the expansion pyelocaliceal system.

Employment kidney tissues is the formation of urine, which enters the renal system Lohan . After accumulating the urine flows into the ureter and into the urinary bladder . When hydronephrosis this conductivity is broken and urine accumulates significantly more than the norm, with parenchyma   (kidney tissue) continues its function, feeding urine Lohan crowded the renal system.

The disease can be congenital, its causes are congenital abnormalities of the urinary tract - full and partial obstruction. The disease develops as a result of congenital abnormalities of the renal artery location. Improper positioning it squeezes the ureter. Also, there are congenital narrowing of the ureter it wrong location, congenital valve. In these cases, it shall be required surgical treatment of hydronephrosis .

Acquired hydronephrosis formed as a complication of some urological diseases. Ureteral obstruction can be caused by kidney disease . tumors of the urinary tract . inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system . His contribution to the development of the disease and make a tumor of the prostate and cervix. Often there are cases due to injuries.

Symptoms of hydronephrosis

Symptoms of the disease is very poor, in fact there are no signs peculiar to hydronephrosis. In some cases, it develops asymptomatic and is detected in the diagnosis of other diseases. For the disease characterized by aching pain in the lumbar region In the early stages of development of hydronephrosis pain manifested in the form of attacks. These symptoms manifest hydronephrosis regardless of patient activity, its position, the time of day.

Indirect symptoms are nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention , Increased blood pressure during painful attacks. The temperature rise is less common and is associated with the presence of the infection that caused the disease. Diagnosis by palpation of hydronephrosis allocates such an important symptom of how tumor formation, localized in the upper quadrant.

In some cases, the symptoms of hydronephrosis in the early stages only appear presence blood in urine . In 20% of patients its presence is determined visually, in other cases, a laboratory study.

Diagnosis of hydronephrosis

The disease mostly occurs in women 25-35 years old, most of his exhibit in suspected gynecological disease.

Diagnosis of hydronephrosis is full lab test that confirms the diagnosis, identify the causes and the stage of the disease. Appointed by blood and urine tests, Ultrasound examination of the kidneys . This makes it possible to detect the presence of blood in urine, the expansion of the renal Elaeagnus, the presence of inflammation.

Appointed by X-ray examination of the kidneys, to determine the size of the body, the presence of stones . A series of intravenous urogram. If such a survey is introduced into the vein of a contrast agent, which is processed by the kidneys and excreted in the urine. Thus, we can trace the work of the urinary system. In difficult cases, the solution excreted within a few hours or does not appear at all. Determining the degree of tissue damage kidneys administered radioisotope study, angiography, CT and MRI scanning of the kidneys.

Complications hydronephrosis

Increased hydrostatic pressure in the renal pelvis system leads to dangerous complications such as rupture of the cup, or pelvis. At the same time the urine flows into the retroperitoneal space, disrupting the work of other bodies.

Complications of hydronephrosis can be to the event urolithiasis   and the accession of infection. Pyelonephritis   It exacerbates the disease and accelerates tissue damage kidneys.

Characteristically for hydronephrosis and development renal failure . Kidney ceases to function, resulting in increases of residual nitrogen in the blood. Because excess nitrogen is not excreted in the urine, occurs intoxication   and without the timely intervention of the patient's death.

Treatment of hydronephrosis

Treatment of the disease is aimed at addressing the causes, relieves symptoms of hydronephrosis, and is designed to reduce the size of the pelvis and keep the kidney. It is the preservation of efficiency of an organ is a priority, but because most cases are detected in the later stages it is not always possible.

Conservative treatment of hydronephrosis is assigned only to eliminate inflammation, relieve symptoms, lowering blood pressure. As a rule, it is prescribed in preparation for surgery.

Surgical treatment is carried out by several methods, which are aimed at preserving the organ. Such reconstructive surgery to help correct the cause of the disease and save the kidney and its functions. In the later stages of the disease, especially in elderly patients organ preservation may be dangerous. Complications hydronephrosis or total disruption of the kidney involves the impossibility of recovery in such a case is carried out organ removal .