Migraine

May 11, 2012

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Migraine   - A disease in which a person is suffering from very severe headaches. Current migraine usually very bright and unique for each patient. Mention of the disease reach to us since the most ancient times. Migraine attacks are periodically overcome by many famous people - Caesar, Nietzsche, Napoleon and Tchaikovsky. All of them are periodically suffered from unbearable headaches.

The first description of severe headache in humans reach us from the times of the ancient Sumerian civilization. That is, a person suffering from migraines for several millennia ago. About migraine wrote in his works Paracelsus, Hippocrates.

The origin of the word "migraine" - the French. In turn, in the French language it got from the Greek language and means "half head".

Causes of migraine

Decided to allocate a number of factors that can be triggers for the onset of a migraine attack. According to the observations of doctors, people living in rural areas are less likely to develop migraines. Migraine is more common in smokers and in women who are taking oral contraceptives   with high doses of estrogen .

The pain can occur due to the high sensitivity of the human body to some dishes. Quite often migraine attacks occur after taking alcohol. Migraine can also cause sharp fluctuations of weather conditions, strong physical stress, long-term insomnia. In some patients, seizures develop after inhalation of odors that irritate the respiratory tract. Predispose to pain and psychological trauma. Migraines in women are sometimes seen as a consequence of hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle. A very important factor is heredity. At the same chances of getting migraines increases a person whose parents are suffering from this disease.

Symptoms of migraine

If a person suffers from migraines, the symptoms of the disease in the first place, express very strong headaches, which occur predominantly in one half of the head. In some cases, a migraine patient also suffers from nausea and vomiting, and acute sensitivity to sound and light. When such symptoms in humans offline stroke, brain tumor, head injury. The occurrence of migraine headaches is independent of jumps Blood Pressure . increased intracranial pressure I.

This disease is referred to as vascular ailments type. Initially it dilates the blood vessels which provide nourishment of the human brain. These vessels are beginning to put pressure on the nerve cells, which are located next to them and eventually manifest migraine. Symptoms of the disease, according to medical supervision, are familiar around 11% of the population. Most often this unpleasant disease affects women. Accepted provide two types of migraines: the classical form of disease and overall shape. Current migraine with aura more severe than symptoms of migraine without aura.

In the classical form of migraine have a few hours before the attack, the patient feels the changes in the general condition, mood changes, includes irritability, anxiety, drowsiness   and fatigue. It might appear high sensitivity to smell, light, noise.

Further, the classical migraine, which affects about 10% of patients, lain aura. During this period, there are harbingers of focal neurological symptoms that may last no longer than one hour. Aura can manifest differently in different people. For some patients the symptoms of migraine attacks before impairment: in front of the eyes may appear "goose", blurred, bright periodic bursts. Other patients report noticeable disturbances of smell. Sometimes the aura manifests itself a violation of speech, hearing, correct movement. The variety of manifestations of the aura is determined by which parts of the brain susceptible to circulatory problems. The third period, which occurs after the aura - the pain. Throbbing headache   covers orbitofrontal-temporal area .

The duration of such attacks can be from several hours to three days. Initially, the pain is manifested in one part of the head, after which it begins to gradually increase. Less pain in migraine appear on both sides of the head. During the attack of migraine pain can obtain a clear localization in the eye, temple, ear, forehead, sometimes even in the shoulder or neck. Its intensity can be so high that the patient seems to be that the pain covers the entire body completely. In the development of a migraine attack in humans is often manifested vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness . too frequent urination , Chills. On the other side of the head where there was pain, there watering, possible swelling paraorbital tissues. Temporal artery swells and throbs.

Sometimes migraines occur pronounced vegetative crises, in which the patient numb limbs, there is a strong fever, palpitations, he did not have enough air. There are jumps in blood pressure. In the development of a migraine attack may occur alarm Which makes the attack Bole + e- heavy. Too harsh sounds and bright lights increase the pain.

At the stage of resolution pain subsides gradually, vomiting stops, the person falls into a state of deep sleep. When the attack recedes, the patient is in a state of complete exhaustion, both mental and physical. So the next step - replacement - sometimes lasts several days. During this period, the patient is marked fatigue, poor appetite, gradual normalization of hearing, sight, smell.

Such attacks may occasionally occur in a person suffering from migraines for many years. Different people have their character may be radically different.

When common form of migraine aura is not evident: the patient immediately feels the development of a migraine attack. This form of the disease is considered to be the most widespread. Symptoms common form of migraine similar to those described above. However, in this case, it may often present the so-called refractory periods In which, after a very long time attack recurrence of migraine does not occur. At such time, the patient thinks he is completely healthy. Often during the study, most of these patients is determined syndrome vasoneurosis . Often when this person is inclined to hypotension . In addition, patients with migraine tend to manifest emotional lability, anxiety and depression.

Diagnosis of migraine

If symptoms similar to the symptoms of migraine, the patient in any case should not own credit for the diagnosis of "migraine". In order to establish this diagnosis must pass a comprehensive examination by a specialist. The doctor, above all, produces a detailed survey of the patient, trying to find out whether there are the following features of headache: a pulsating character, localization on the one hand, increased pain during exercise. Suspect migraine patient allows the presence of at least one of the symptoms associated with headache: vomiting, nausea, light and shumoboyazni, attack duration from 4 to 72 hours. If such seizures in patients experiencing more than five, the doctor may suspect a migraine. In the diagnosis of migraine is important to the study of family history of the patient.

During diagnostic studies conducted to exclude evidence of organic disease. Migraine be primarily distinguished from headaches of vascular diseases of the brain. For example, to exclude vasoneurosis . hypertension . vasculitis . haemorrhagic   and ischemic strokes   with small pockets and others. Vvazhno conduct research to eliminate the presence of tumors and infectious lesions of the brain and the membranes.

Migraine should be differentiated from a number of primary forms cephalgia : cluster headache . episodic tension headaches . chronic paroxysmal hemicrania .

In the process of diagnosis should take into account the fact that migraines in children manifests itself without acute pain and is accompanied only benign paroxysmal vertigo.

Migraine Treatment

In the treatment of migraine is the most effective therapy, which takes place at the beginning of the disease, that is, the phases that precede the pain. As a migraine drug treatment facilities are used, aimed at arresting the attack, as well as an abortifacient medication that prevents the manifestation of migraine paroxysms.

As a migraine medication that prevents attacks use beta-blockers . Calcium channel blockers , and drugs-antidespressanty .

Migraine drugs, relieves migraine paroxysm are three different groups of drugs. It aspirin   and the combination of aspirin caffeine ; triptans   ( serotonin receptor agonists ), And preparations which comprise ergotamine . An important condition for effective treatment is that the patient has taken the medication required to first attack. In some cases, individual physician may prescribe further tranquilizers   and dehydrating agent .

If a patient develops a migraine attack, it is necessary to immediately provide a state of complete rest and bed rest. For this eliminates noise sources and glare. There are also a number of migraine drugs that can be administered in tablet form or in the form of suppositories in the development of pain attack. However, these funds have a lot of contraindications, and effectiveness of these drugs may not occur in all patients.

If the patient has severe vomiting, possible additional use of antiemetics. In this case, use Reglan   or motilium .

Common treatments for migraine are also some non-drug methods. Often used for this purpose acupuncture . In this case, a radically different approach to the treatment of migraine attacks between and during the paroxysm. Furthermore, for the prevention of migraine applicable psychotherapy . psychomotor relaxation . manual therapy . When migraine often prescribe physical therapy, used hirudotherapy Treatment sessions via Massage .

It is important to note that all drugs used for the treatment of migraine and for the prevention of attacks of the disease should be taken only after a doctor's appointment. Self-treatment of migraine is unacceptable. Indeed, among a number of drugs that are used for the relief of migraine attacks, you should pick up a tool that will suit a particular patient. Those agents that help to one person can even intensify the attack from another patient.

Migraine Prevention

As preventive measures, aimed at to reduce the incidence and duration of migraine attacks, uses some methods to improve the quality of human life. The most important task is to eliminate the factors that provoke migraine attacks. Therefore, it is important to provide regular meals to the lack of foods, provoking the manifestation of migraine. These include chocolate, cheese, caffeine, alcohol, smoking. Physical activity should be moderate, do not put a strong surge.

Women who suffer from menstrual migraines, as preventive measures recommended to take a medicine for migraines, three days before the estimated monthly.

As prevention is important as much as possible a healthy lifestyle, reasonable alternation of work and rest. People who are prone to migraines, it is important to be as much as possible in the fresh and clean air.