April 6, 2013
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Urolithiasis disease (other names - nephrolithiasis . nephrolithiasis . urolithiasis ) - A disease in which the development of a human kidney or other organs of the urinary tract stone formation. Symptoms of kidney stones can occur the first time a person at any age. As the diagnosis, illness can develop in infants and the elderly. But depending on the age of the sick person is different type of stone. For example, elderly patients often formed uric acid stones . At the same time protein stones occur in patients who require treatment of urolithiasis, much less. In most cases with urolithiasis stones are formed with a mixed composition. The size of the stones can vary. So, when it comes to the size of the stones 3 mm in diameter , It is determined not stones and sand in the kidneys. Sometimes large stones can reach up to 15 cm . There is also a description of where the stones weigh more than 1 kg.
Causes of kidney stones
Before you assign treatment of disease or the treatment of folk remedies practice, as far as possible should identify alleged reasons for which a person is showing signs of urolithiasis. The main cause of kidney stones - these are serious violations in the process of metabolism, in particular, changes in the chemical and water-salt balance of the blood. But at the same important role in the development of the disease is the presence of certain factors are conducive to the formation of stones. First of all, the development of a human digestive tract diseases, and diseases of the genitourinary system, bone diseases, disorders of the parathyroid glands. Provoke the appearance of stones can and vitamin deficiency. Especially important to compensate for the deficiency vitamins D So even prevent the disease involves taking them.
Food - Not less important factor. The stones usually appear in people who consume products that can significantly increase the acidity of urine. That is why diet urolithiasis off salty, sour and spicy food too. Another important point - the water that people consume regularly. If it is too rigid in its structure and has a large number of salts, the probability of occurrence of stones increases. Most stones are found in people who constantly live in a very hot climate. But the lack of exposure to ultraviolet rays can cause urolithiasis. During the diagnosis the doctor not only to appoint the necessary research techniques, but finds that it would provoke the disease. As medical and national treatment should be carried out taking into account these factors.
Symptoms
In most cases, nephrolithiasis seen signs that people can not ignore. But sometimes the disease is hidden and reveal kidney stones can be achieved only by accident, when the diagnosis and treatment of other diseases.
The main symptoms of kidney stones - is a manifestation of pain in the lumbar region. Man can disturb the pain on the one hand, and with both. Pain dull, but exhausting, they are amplified during exercise or at the time when the patient tries to change the position of the body. If a kidney stone is in the ureter, the pain becomes more intense and covers the lower abdomen, groin, genitals. Sometimes she gives up. Very strong pain attack often ends with discharge of stones in the urine.
Patients with urolithiasis periodically suffer from renal colic. This is a condition where in the lumbar region develops incredibly strong pain. Colic can last even a few days, while the pain subsides a little, then again resumed with renewed vigor. The attack is stopped when the stone changes position or leaves the bladder.
If you have kidney stones person may feel pain when urinating, besides urination happens too often. In this case we can assume that there are stones in the ureter or bladder. In the process of voiding urine stream sometimes rummage, and thus the patient does not feel completely empty the bladder. Doctors define a symptom as a syndrome of "laying". If a person changes the position of the body, it continues to urinate.
After a painful attack or physical stress in the urine of the patient may be detected by blood. Also for urolithiasis characteristic clouding of urine or intermittent high blood pressure. If a disease associated pyelonephritis, the body temperature of the patient can be increased up to 38-40 degrees.
Sometimes the stones or sand in the kidney are present in person throughout life, and no symptoms it does not appear. Consequently, about his illness the patient may not even know. In general, the symptoms are directly dependent on what size and type of stones in a patient exactly where the stone is bred, and there are some irregularities in the urogenital system. Treatment of sand and stones in the kidney in the urogenital region is also carried out taking into account these factors.
Thus, the main objective symptoms of kidney stones are kidney stones. Symptoms of kidney stones - is primarily cloudiness urine, with availability of sediment, the changing nature (dark and thick urine appears at the beginning of urination).
What are the stones formed in the kidneys a person can identify additional research. They may have different compositions. Allocate phosphate, calcium and oxalate stones in the kidneys. Yet the diagnosis shows that most patients with kidney stones are formed with mixed type.
Removal of kidney stones - Highlights of treatment. But initially the physician should determine all features of the disease, and only then to decide what to do. It is important to note that in the beginning of the disease the stones might not manifest itself. In this case, we are talking about the so-called kamnenositelstve. But in this case it is important to identify the disease and to determine how to bring stones since at any moment they might cause renal colic. The reasons that affect the symptoms are diverse: it's a lot of stress, and abnormal diet and intense exercise. Incidentally, in most cases, renal colic cause small stones. But the presence of large stones in the kidney, a photo of which is particularly impressive, as dangerous as it is - a direct path to development renal failure and the death of the kidneys. It is therefore extremely important point is to carry out high-quality diagnostics with all research, where a doctor can learn about the special features of the illness and subsequent treatment. It deserves special attention and prevention of the disease in those who are prone to stone formation.
Diagnostics
There are a number of diagnostic methods by which diseases of the urinary system are identified by experts in the early stages. But it is important and awareness of patients. Everyone in the manifestation of the first symptoms of abnormalities of the genitourinary system should go to the doctor, because he alone can not tell whether he had in the kidney, ureter or bladder stones.
After interviewing the patient's urologist assigns the necessary examination. First of all, carried out laboratory analysis of urine to determine the presence of microbial infection, the presence of blood in urine And learn about the nature of salt impurities. With blood count revealed inflammation. In addition, a blood chemistry. One of the most important studies of suspected presence of a kidney stone is a kidney ultrasound. However, in some cases ultrasound still does not allow to determine the presence of stones in the ureter, as they may be deep into the peritoneum.
In order to detect stones often administered to the patient excretory urography. For this vein injected contrast medium and then made radiographs. The study review the general picture of the urinary system enables the doctor to identify exactly where the stones are located, find out what their shape and size. But while experts consider that some of the stones are able to skip the X-rays. As a result, the photographs can not see them.
Another method of research - Radioisotope kidney scan . The procedure begins with an introduction to a special vein of the radiopharmaceutical. It accumulates in the kidney, and then discharged through them. At this time, the kidneys are scanned, allowing you to identify the violation of their functions. The study is informative for a specialist.
Complications
If the treatment of urolithiasis was not conducted in a timely manner, then as soon complications may develop pyelonephritis , Both acute and chronic. If the patient did not ask for help, the result may purulent fusion of the kidneys. In this case the patient loses kidney.
If there are stones in the bladder, the person can suffer from permanent and very painful acute attacks cystitis . Also, often the complications of nephrolithiasis urethritis . chronic renal failure .
Treatment
Nephrolithiasis kidney should be treated in several stages. Patients with acute pain is necessary, first of all, remove the acute bout of colic. Further treatment includes removal of the stone, therapy and prevention of infectious stones in the future development.
Treatment of kidney stones held conservative and Operations methods. Conservative method of treatment includes medication, as well as a strict diet and some drinking regime. However therapy tablets, as well as some national agents may be effective if the patient has a kidney only very small stones or sand. Drugs that prescribed by the physician in such cases to help solubilize kidney stones and sand. However, in no case can not be used such drugs without control specialist. It is he who must decide how to treat urolithiasis and how to dissolve the stones. Practicing national treatment, the patient must also be pre-consult with your doctor, as any popular drug may adversely affect the health of the patient.
If the presence of kidney stones in human inflammatory process has begun, it must be conducted antibacterial treatment. After that the doctor makes the decision as to bring the stones.
In modern medicine, practiced by crushing stones with a laser. Laser treatment involves a combination of endoscopy and the use of direct laser.
The endoscope is introduced into the urethral canal, and then the laser nozzle held crushing. The method is not painful and can sometimes bring the stones in just one procedure. In addition, you can use it to get rid of stones of different shapes and sizes.
Crushing of kidney stones is also carried out using the capabilities of ultrasound. In this case, it applies the principle of shock-wave fragmentation that is provided by a special device. Crushing ultrasound allows us to derive the stones with a diameter less than 2 cm. Patients were anesthesia And stones are crushed to such an extent that they can without difficulty pass through the ureter. When splitting large stones required several such procedures. Negative effects on the body as a whole does not have an ultrasound.
If a person is found large stones and there are certain complications, the surgery is practiced by performing abdominal surgery. This is the most traumatic method.
Dietary
Patients diagnosed with urolithiasis, is very important to always follow a special diet. The diet of the patient developed depending on what part of the stones are and what causes trigger the development of urolithiasis. Power is organized so that at least in the diet was products which promote the formation and growth of the stones.
If a person is diagnosed phosphate urolithiasis Then marked alkaline reaction of urine. Consequently, it is necessary to acidify. Such patients are not recommended to use a lot of fruits and vegetables can not be included in the diet of dairy products. Recommended meat, fish, vegetable oil, flour. Drink should be slightly smaller than the detection of calcium oxalate and uric acid stones.
If found carbonate rocks Then the patient is important to limit the use of products that are rich in calcium. The acidity of the urine increases by eating fish, meat, eggs, butter, flour.
In the presence of urate stones should be used as little as possible products that encourage the formation of uric acid. It's kidneys, liver, meat broths. It is also limited to fish, meat, vegetable fats. Such patients need to drink fresh juice from a lemon, but grapefruit juice is not recommended.
In identifying oxalate stones must be removed from the diet of those products, which have oxalic acid and calcium. This sorrel, potatoes, spinach, oranges, milk products.
There are also a number of general recommendations for patients with urolithiasis. Every day you need to drink at least two liters of fluid, but in hot weather it is necessary to use as much of the liquid to never experience thirst . Positively affects the body receiving infusions and decoctions diuretic herbs. It is important to limit the sour, spicy, salty food and avoid overeating. You should not drink alcoholic beverages. Also, doctors recommend that patients with stones lead an active life, but avoid heavy loads. We can not allow a lot of stress supercool.
If renal colic began a person suddenly, it can relieve pain attack a warm bath or heating pad, which must be put to the lumbar region.
Prevention
As the prevention of urolithiasis necessary balanced diet To make it as healthy as possible. It should drink at least two liters of fluid per day, and in any case to prevent hypothermia lumbar area. It should also make sure to get rid of overweight . If a person feels that in the lumbar region appeared discomfort or pain, then a visit to the urologist can not be tightened in any case.
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