Pneumonia

January 3, 2012

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Pneumonia   (another name - pneumonia ) - An infectious disease, in which damage occurs alveoli   - Bubbles with thin walls that saturate the blood with oxygen. Pneumonia is considered to be one of the most common diseases, because the lungs and respiratory system are highly vulnerable to human diseases of infectious nature.

There are many causes of pneumonia - it bacteria . viruses . intracellular parasites . fungi . There are several types of inflammation of the lungs, and each of them has specific symptoms and course. Pneumonia is also sometimes seen as a complication in humans, had been ill flu . colds . bronchitis .

Causes of pneumonia

The most common triggers of pneumonia pneumococcus   or Haemophilus influenzae . In addition, as the causative agent of pneumonia can be a mycoplasma . Legionella . Chlamydia   and others. To date, there are vaccines to prevent the disease or its symptoms significantly facilitate

In the lungs of a healthy person is a little bacteria. Microorganisms which they fall, the immune system destroys the full. But if the protective functions of the body are not working due to specific reasons why a person develops pneumonia. In view of the above pneumonia commonly occurs in patients with weak immunity The elderly and children.

Germs get into your lungs through the respiratory tract. For example, light may enter from the mouth mucus, which contains bacteria or viruses. After all, a number of agents of pneumonia exist in the nasopharynx of healthy people. Also, the occurrence of the disease provokes inhalation of air in which there are pathogenic. The route of transmission of pneumonia, which is caused by Haemophilus influenzae, airborne.

The development of pneumonia in young children provoke the following factors: injuries during childbirth, intrauterine   hypoxia   and asphyxia . congenital heart disease and light . cystic fibrosis . immunodeficiencies   hereditary nature, gipovitaminoz .

Children of school age can develop pneumonia due to the presence chronic foci of infection in the nasopharynx . with recurrent bronchitis . cystic fibrosis a . Immunodeficiency . valvular heart disease a .

In adults, pneumonia can provoke the emergence of chronic bronchitis   and pulmonary disease, malignant smoking endocrine diseases . immunodeficiency Deferred surgery in the chest and abdomen, alcoholism   and addiction .

Symptoms of pneumonia

In the process of developing the disease in humans show some symptoms of pneumonia. Thus, the body temperature rises sharply - it can rise to 39-40 degrees, there is a cough, during which stands purulent sputum. Also, we have the following symptoms of pneumonia: pain in the chest . severe shortness of breath . persistent weakness . At night, the patient may appear very heavy sweating. If you do not start the treatment of the disease in time, the pneumonia progresses very rapidly, and its results could be even fatal. There are types of the disease in which symptoms of pneumonia are less pronounced. In this case, the patient may present a dry cough, feeling of weakness, headache .

Types of pneumonia

Types of pneumonia defined by the area affected. Thus, focal pneumonia occupies only a small part of the lung, segmental pneumonia affects one or more segments of the lung, lobar pneumonia applies to share a light at the drain of pneumonia small foci coalesce into larger, total pneumonia affects the lungs in general.

In acute pneumonia occurs inflammatory process in lung tissue, which typically has a bacterial nature. The success of the treatment of the disease, which necessarily must be carried out in the hospital depends on how timely the patient asked for help. When lobar inflammatory disease develops suddenly: a person's body temperature rises rapidly, reaching 39-40 ° C, he feels pain in his chest, a strong fever, dry cough, after a certain time turns into a productive cough.

Pneumonia in children and adults can also take place with some way erased symptoms. Thus, the patient may suggest the presence of SARS , But the weak, moderate body temperature, cough persists for a very long time.

Also distinguish between one-sided pneumonia (the affected one lung) and bilateral (holds defeat both lungs). Primary pneumonia occurs as an independent disease, and secondary - like illness that developed against the background of another illness.

Signs of pneumonia

In most cases, pneumonia in children and in adults arises as a consequence of another illness. Suspected pneumonia allows a number of manifest symptoms of the patient. It should pay particular attention to some signs of pneumonia. So, in pneumonia the most severe symptoms of the disease becomes a cough. Cheerleaders should the situation when a patient comes improvement after feeling unwell during a cold or the duration of colds for more than seven days.

There are other signs of pneumonia: cough while trying to breathe deeply, there is a strong pale skin, which accompanies the usual symptoms of SARS, the presence of dyspnea at relatively low body temperature. With the development of pneumonia in a patient's body temperature does not decrease after the adoption zharoponizhayuzschih funds ( paracetamol . Efferalgan . Panadol ).

It should be noted that in the presence of stated features pneumonia should immediately seek help from a specialist.

Diagnosis of pneumonia

Today, doctors are able to diagnose pneumonia ofy using different survey methods. After treatment the patient's specialist primarily conducts in-depth survey, listens to the patient. In some cases, questionable conduct clinical blood test and X-ray examination. As further studies carried out in some cases CT scans of the chest, bronchoscopy   followed by biopsy , Urine and other tests, which appoints the doctor.

The results of these studies allow accurately diagnosing pneumonia.

Treatment of pneumonia

In the treatment of inflammation of the lungs to become an important factor in the success of the selection antibiotic As well as the dosage and methods of getting the drug to the patient. Thus, antibiotics are administered as an injection, and take into tablets or syrups. Drugs selected according to the type of agent pneumonia.

Also in the treatment of pneumonia applicable number of drugs that have bronchodilatory properties vitamin complexes , Expectorant drugs. After some improvement when the patient's body temperature normalized, treatment of pneumonia include physiotherapy and massage therapy. Subject to the application of these methods of improvement occurs much faster. After recovery, the patient is prescribed in some cases, re-conduct X-ray to ascertain the success of the treatment.

The field after the main course of treatment of pneumonia patients received supplementation of vitamin complex during the month. Indeed, in the course of pneumonia in the body killed a large number of beneficial microorganisms that produce B vitamins .

Every day, people who have had pneumonia, recommended special sessions breathing exercises . This exercise, which promote the mobility of the chest, as well as stretching of adhesions that may have formed as a result of the disease. Breathing exercises shown in features of elderly patients. Also, people recovering from illness should usually be outdoors.

Provided the correct approach to the treatment recovery occurs within 3-4 weeks after the onset of the disease.

Dining with pneumonia

In parallel with the course of medical treatment of patients with pneumonia recommended the observance of certain principles in the diet, which allows for more efficient outcomes. Thus, during the course of acute pneumonia patient is shown to comply diet , The energy value does not exceed 1600-1800 kcal. To reduce inflammation, should limit salt intake (daily patient enough to 6 grams of salt), as well as increase the amount in the diet of foods high in vitamin C and P. Especially valuable products considered black currants, gooseberries, wild rose, greens, citrus fruits, lemons , raspberries and other. Equally important drinking regime - on the day you need to drink at least two liters of fluid. To provide the desired calcium content in the body, it is necessary to eat more dairy products, and thus off of the food ration containing oxalic acid.

There should be small portions, six times a day. Especially healthy dishes and products in treatment of pneumonia are considered vegetables, fruits, berries, cranberry juice, lemon tea, dairy food, eggs, cereal and mucous decoctions of cereals, low-fat broth of meat and fish. Do not use fancy pastries, fatty, salty and smoked foods, fats, chocolate, spices.

In the process of recovery of the patient is necessary to make the diet more nutritious due to additional proteins, and should eat foods that enhance the secretion of gastric and pancreatic cancer.

Complications of pneumonia

As complications of pneumonia patients may have a number of serious conditions: abscess   and gangrene light about . empyema . pleurisy . manifestations of acute respiratory failure . endocarditis . meningitis . pericarditis . sepsis . pulmonary edema . If the treatment regimen was chosen correctly, or the patient has a place marked immunodeficiency, inflammation of the lungs can lead to death.

Prevention of lung inflammation

Methods for the prevention of pneumonia coincide with the prevention of bronchitis and acute respiratory infections. Children should be gradually and regularly temper, starting from an early age. It is important to strengthen the immune system and the prevention of factors causing immunodeficiency condition.

The risk factor of acute pneumonia is considered a tendency to mikrotrombozov that takes place at a constant bed rest and taking a number of drugs ( infekundin . bisekurin . rigevidon ). To prevent acute pneumonia in this case, the recommended daily exercise therapy, breathing exercises, massage. Particular attention should be paid to the prevention of pneumonia in patients in the older age due to lower T and B immunity.