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Peptic ulcer and duodenal - A disease of recurrent type that is chronic. Thus in the stomach and / or duodenum ulcer defect appears. As a consequence, there is a significant imbalance between the protective properties of gastroduodenal and aggression factor.
This disease is considered to be the most common lesions of the digestive tract. Statistics show that ulcer disease affects about 10% of the population. Usually, the illness affects both young people and middle-aged people. More often diagnosed peptic ulcer disease in men. Today, doctors say the characteristic "rejuvenation" of the disease, as well as a greater incidence of severe illness and decrease the effectiveness of treatment.
Causes of peptic ulcer
Usually the illness develops as a consequence of influence on the human body a few predisposing factors. As the causes of this disease define the error in the activity of hormonal and neural mechanisms that regulate the activity of the stomach and duodenum, and the lack of a proper balance between exposure to these authorities hydrochloric acid . enzymes . pepsin et al., and protective factors, which include bicarbonates . slime . cell regeneration . In particular, peptic ulcer disease occurs in people with a genetic predisposition to it to occur, as well as those who regularly experience emotional stress, does not adhere to the rules of a healthy diet.
Causes of peptic ulcer disease are usually subdivided into predisposing and sell. Contributing causes include genetic factors. Some people are genetically caused by large number of cells of the stomach, producing hydrochloric acid. As a result, a person suffers from acidity. In addition, there are other genetic features which affect the development of peptic ulcer. There are also studies that indicate that peptic ulcer disease is more common in people with first blood group .
An important factor is to determine the characteristics of mental state. Diseases are more prone to those who suffer from impaired functioning autonomic .
Food is also a factor taken into account. The development of peptic ulcer disease may contribute to the constant use of spicy food, irregular meals, lack in a diet full of hot dishes. But until today the exact evidence of the direct impact of this factor on the expression of peptic ulcer disease does not exist.
Stomach ulcers may also trigger long-term treatment to certain medical drugs. These medicines include aspirin . non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with action . Synthetic hormones adrenocortical . Taking these drugs can have a negative impact on the state of the gastric mucosa and duodenal ulcers. Furthermore, they activate the aggressive gastric juice and simultaneously reduce the protective function. If a person suffers from a chronic ulcer, these funds can provoke an aggravation of the disease.
The presence of bad habits can also lead to manifestations of peptic ulcer disease. Spirits can damage the mucous membrane, besides alcohol promotes secretion in the stomach. If you consume alcohol regularly and long period, then the person can develop chronic gastritis .
Not less dangerous, and smoking, as nicotine as alcohol increase gastric secretion. At the same time the blood supply of the stomach is getting worse. But as the food factor, the reason for this is still not considered to be proven.
As a manifestation of realizing the causes of stomach ulcers and duodenal ulcers determine the presence of a person H. pylori infection . Infection can occur when using dirty food, as well as by the use of poorly sterilized medical instruments.
Helicobakter pylori generates tsitotoksinvy - Substances that damage the cells of the mucosa, which ultimately can cause the development of erosion and gastric ulcers. Even if these substances are not produced by H. pylori, the person develops chronic gastritis.
The symptoms of ulcer disease
Basically duodenal ulcer and stomach manifested primarily by pain at the top of the abdomen (ie, "the stomach") . Most often, the pain becomes intense when the person feels hungry, it is mostly seen between meals . Sometimes episodes of pain disturb the patient during the night . With such attacks a person has to get up to take medication or food . In this situation, assistance is provided by those drugs which reduce acid secretion in the stomach or completely neutralized its . Typically, about half an hour after eating, or making these drugs the pain becomes less intense and gradually subsides . Furthermore, as the symptoms of peptic ulcer disease may occur intermittently nausea, feeling of fullness in the abdomen and a strong feeling of heaviness in the strong it immediately after meals . In more rare cases, the patient suffers from bouts of vomiting, after which there is a feeling of relief . Sometimes the person is markedly reduced weight due to the deterioration of appetite .
In general, the symptoms of the disease and its overall clinical picture depends on where it is localized pathological process, and what stage of the disease occurs.
The first step is considered a condition in which the formed fresh duodenal ulcer or gastric. In this case, the main symptom is a manifestation of pain in the epigastric region, which is becoming stronger, if a person is hungry, and may be delayed for several hours after a man took a meal. It is at this stage appear nocturnal pain expressed manifestations dyspeptic syndrome ( belching . heartburn . constipation . nausea ). The patient marks pain on palpation of the abdomen.
The second stage of the disease is the period of the initial epithelialization of the ulcer. Epigastric pain at this stage occurs primarily in the afternoon. After eating a person feels notable relief. During this period, a much less severe diarrheal symptoms.
The third stage - a period of ulcer healing. At this time, the patient may feel pain only during development sensations of hunger, with dyspeptic symptoms are not observed.
At the fourth stage of the disease, which is in remission, people feel relatively normal and does not express complaints. On palpation abdominal pain is not felt.
Complications of peptic ulcer
There are reports of experts that the complications of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcers often occur in males. The most common complication of the disease is considered to be bleeding . It is much more likely to develop bleeding in people with duodenal ulcer.
If the ulcer is gradually increased, it may eventually occur stripping vessel wall, which subsequently destroys acid. Thereafter it manifested internal bleeding. Depending on what volume of blood loss in a patient manifested certain symptoms. But the main features of bleeding is a sudden feeling of great weakness, fainting, vomiting manifestation, in which stands a scarlet or clotted blood, a sharp decline Blood Pressure . Chair in a patient with bleeding will tarry liquid.
It is important to bear in mind that you can only treat bleeding in the surgical department of a hospital. To determine where exactly is the source of bleeding, patients underwent gastroscopic research. At the time of gastroscopy blood stops using specially prepared solutions. Also, the vessel that bleeds, you can sew specially used for this staple. Patient intravenously administered drugs that reduce the production of hydrochloric acid.
Even after cessation of bleeding the patient is shown for a few days stay in the hospital under close supervision of a doctor. In the case of haemorrhage is impossible without surgery, the patient made a surgical intervention, the type of which the expert determines individually.
With the development of gastric ulcers, there is a risk that perforated ulcer . For this condition, which is also called ulcer perforation , Characterized by the appearance of the through hole in the wall of the body affected ulcer. Owing to formation of such a hole part of the contents of the stomach or duodenum is in the abdominal cavity. The result is the development of peritonitis .
With this complication of the disease the patient feels a sharp pain in the epigastric region. These feelings of intensity can be compared with a knife in the stomach. The pain is so severe that the development of threatening state of shock. Then there is a gradual spread of pain in one side of the abdomen. At the same person as a result of such strong pain pale, perspiring, he can blur out. With such an acute attack he was forced to remain in a stationary recumbent position - the so-called position "embryo." It increases the temperature of the body, it manifested sausarism.
This condition manifests itself in a patient in three stages: the initial shock occurs, followed by a period of well-being imaginary, and then developed progressive peritonitis. Another hallmark of this condition is a symptom of the stress state of the anterior abdominal wall muscles.
Ulcer perforation occurs as a result of the progression of peptic ulcer disease. Most perforations are diagnosed in men of working age. It is important to promptly hospitalized patients with complications such as surgery without the patient threatens death. Without surgery to cure perforation impossible.
Also, there are cases of covert perforated ulcer in which the perforation after approximately one hour hole covers organ located nearby. But as a rule, cover the hole loosely, so peritonitis still developing.
It is one complication of peptic ulcer - Penetration ulcer . When this condition occurs and the appearance of holes in the wall of the stomach or duodenum. But this is not a hole opens into the abdominal cavity and the organs which are located nearby. Symptoms such complications occur in the patient in whichever of the body which is in question.
However, there are general and specific symptoms. In particular, a strong pain, which eventually becomes only more intense and is manifested even permanently. This pain is impossible to appease preparatami- antacids . Typically an increase in body temperature. To treat this pathology can only surgically.
With pyloric stenosis and duodenal ulcers (this condition is referred to as pyloric obstruction of the stomach ) Food from the stomach into the intestine gets considerable difficulties that arise as a consequence of scarring ulcers that developed either in the initial part of the duodenum, or the end of the stomach. If such a restriction is insignificant, it can be expressed by expression of heaviness for some time after the consumption of food. Periodically, the patient can overcome vomiting, after which he says relief. If the stenosis develops further, the part of the food already retained in the stomach, which in turn is stretched. Man marks the manifestation of putrid odor from the mouth, constant urge to vomiting, severe pain in the abdomen. After a time violation in the digestion process progresses, and the person markedly depleted, the body is dehydrated.
Diagnosis of peptic ulcer
In order to establish the correct diagnosis the physician should be familiar with history in order to study the evolution of the disease. When collecting history is important to consider information on whether a patient's digestive disorders. Sometimes an ulcer occurs without the appearance of visible symptoms in the case signs of the disease found only when the disease is manifested complications.
In the process of diagnosis is also carried out examination of the patient. This takes into account not reduced if the mass of the human body, whether there is pain in the epigastric region.
After that, apply a variety of paraclinical methods. The simplest is the X-ray examination, by means of which you can also find some complications of the disease.
But if the patient has signs of complications of peptic ulcer disease, he produced radiographic study without contrast, fibrogastroduodenoscopy. To eliminate cancer, performed histological analysis of samples which are selected for Biopsy .
Sometimes it is advisable to conduct a diagnostic laparoscopy, which sometimes turns into laparotomy. As a result, the operation can be carried out, in which the causes are eliminated ulcer complications.
In the process of diagnosis it is also important to determine the presence of H. pylori infection in the body. To do this, it made a special study of the patient's blood. During the diagnosis of ulcer should be differentiated from other diseases.
Treatment of peptic ulcer
It is important for the treatment of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer produces complex and in certain stages. At the stage of exacerbation of his therapy was compulsory in the hospital. The treatment begins immediately after diagnosis. Initially, a few days the patient must adhere to bed rest, strictly abide by the principles diet . In the complex therapy include treatment of non-adsorbed antacids . antisecretory and . In addition, by certain drugs (used drotaverine . metoclopramide . papaverine hydrochloride . domperidone ) Eliminated gipermotornaya dyskinesia in gastroduodenal zone. If the patient is found Helicobacter pylori, it uses a special technique of triple therapy, which lasts several weeks.
The second step is carried out periodic preventive treatment, diet, treatment is carried out vitamin complexes .
At the third stage it is desirable to carry out a course of spa treatment, which is prescribed to patients about four months after treatment in a hospital.
In the treatment of peptic ulcer disease, it is important to follow some common principles that are crucial for recovery. First of all, the patient is important to stop smoking completely. Such a step will contribute to more active ulcer healing, reduce the number of exacerbations. You should also minimize the use of alcoholic beverages. If possible, refrain from the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and steroids. If this is not possible, it should be possible to reduce the dose.
It is necessary to adhere to the principles of diet. Diet in peptic ulcer disease can significantly reduce the frequency of attacks of disease manifestation. Most importantly, do not eat those foods, after which the symptoms of peptic ulcer disease are becoming more intense.
In the treatment of peptic ulcer disease has a fairly effective impact herbal medicine. Some herbal teas and tinctures provide protection for the mucosa, providing astringent and enveloping effects. Also, they eliminate pain, promote faster healing of tissues, exert anti-inflammatory effects.
Compiling a collection of herbs for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease, be sure to take into account the acidity level of the individual patient.
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