December 22, 2011
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Lymphogranulomatosis (also called disease - Hodgkin's lymphoma . Hodgkin's disease ) Is a cancer pathology of the lymphatic system. It is characterized by the presence in the lymphoid tissue Berezovsky-Sternberg cells Reid Which exhibit specialists during microscopic examination. These cells were named after the scientists who participated actively in the process of discovery and further study of these cells. Hodgkin first described by Thomas Hodgkin, a doctor from the UK, it happened in 1832. According to statistics, chlamydia is three times more common in family members, which had already manifested cases of the disease. Causes limfogranulomatoz today is not fully elucidated. So, there is a perception that is associated with lymphoma Epstein-Barr virus .
Symptoms of Hodgkin's disease
Typically, the first and most noticeable symptoms of Hodgkin's disease - a significant increase in the value of lymph nodes on neck , at armpits or groin . If in the case of infectious diseases like lymphadenopathy be accompanied by painful, when Hodgkin painless lymph nodes, but the nodes are not reduced dimensions under antibiotic treatment or in the absence of treatment as such. Because lymph tissue that is located in the chest, as the symptoms of Hodgkin's disease manifests difficulty breathing or a cough that manifest due to the constant pressure on the enlarged lymph nodes lungs and bronchi .
In addition, the experts define, and other symptoms of Hodgkin's disease. So, very often people feel extreme weakness, he can raise the body temperature, appear excessive sweating, digestive problems, itching .
If chlamydia enlarged lymph nodes are mobile, not soldered to the skin. Sometimes they begin to grow very quickly, then lie big education. In some cases, pain in the swollen lymph nodes feel sick after drinking alcohol.
The most common lymphoma localized in the lung tissue. As a rule, the external manifestations of pulmonary involvement in a patient is not observed. Very often, the liquid is accumulated in the pleural cavity. The defeat of the pleura occurs in those patients who have chlamydia during mediastinal lymph nodes are increased, because there lesions in lung tissue. Such a tumor can later put forth in heart . trachea .
Equally rare diseases localized in bone tissue. In this case affected vertebrae later sternum, ribs, pelvis.
As a general rule, late show liver damage, since the characteristic features of such lesions in a patient does not show.
Sometimes also it affected the central nervous system, most often spinal cord. The consequence of this destruction are severe neurological disorder.
If the patient has suspected lymphoma, for the correct diagnosis should conduct some research. The first specialist conducts a thorough examination of the patient, complained. If you have symptoms or to eliminate the suspicion of lymphoma held general and biochemical blood tests. In determining the presence of lesions in the lymph node biopsy followed by the study of the morphological and immunological changes.
Biopsy . In the process of morphological examination under a microscope can clearly determine if a lymph node in the tumor cells, as well as specific Berezovsky-Sternberg cells Reid . To confirm the diagnosis performed immunohistochemical study.
To accurately determine the stage of Hodgkin's disease is used X-ray diagnostics. Thus, during radiography, computed tomography, MRI can determine the presence of tumor in those places that, when the external inspection doctor can examine.
Forms and stages of Hodgkin's disease
Experts distinguish between five types of Hodgkin's disease. Determine what type of disease occurs in a patient, only in the study of lymph node tissue taken in the biopsy.
So today the most common form of Hodgkin's disease is considered an option nodular sclerosis . Also, patients diagnosed with mixed-cell variant of the disease, variant with lymphoid depletion (it is the most rarely found), an option with a large number lymphocytes And variant nodular lymphocyte predominant disease with
In the first stage the tumor is located in the lymph nodes of the same area or it is in one body out of the lymph nodes. In a second step affects the lymph nodes in two or more areas on one side of the diaphragm and a body lymph nodes on one side of the diaphragm.
In the third step had affected lymph nodes on both sides of the diaphragm, as can be observed splenic lesion. At the fourth stage of the disease in addition to the lymph nodes are affected and even the liver, intestine, kidney, bone marrow, and other organs in which there are diffuse lesions.
Treatment of Hodgkin's disease
Treatment of this disease is aimed at complete cure Hodgkin's disease, regardless of what stage of the disease is diagnosed in a patient. When the third and fourth stages of Hodgkin's disease there is also quite a high probability of successful treatment of the disease. In the treatment of Hodgkin's disease is actively used radiation therapy is sometimes combined with Chemotherapy .
If there is a disadvantage for Hodgkin's disease, is high enough effect is observed by the use of high-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation.
Depending on the extent of the disease and the presence of other concomitant diseases, the optimum regimen of Hodgkin's disease. In order to forestall future recurrence of the disease, should take the time to doctor's maintenance therapy, avoid physical overload. Also with chlamydia contraindicated physiological electrical and thermal procedures, work in which the person affected by the increased radiation, high-frequency currents, heavy metal salts.
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