In Russia, the first recorded case of polio. The disease came to our country from Tajikistan. The disease was detected in 9-month-old girl. She and her parents arrived in Irkutsk region May 1st. Three days later, the child developed symptoms of polio. The girl was hospitalized urgently.
In the Irkutsk Oblast Infectious Diseases Hospital doctors confirmed the initial diagnosis. This is the first in 13 years in case of disease Polio in Russia . After this incident revealed another four media polio virus .
The disease recorded in Tajikistan earlier this year. As the findings of the WHO on April 28 in the Republic of Tajikistan registered 171 cases of acute flaccid paralysis. An overwhelming number of cases - children under 15 years. There are cases of the disease in adults. According to the Ministry of Health of the Republic, the polio virus has been brought into the country from India.
Regarding the situation in Russia, it is brought under tight control. Earlier, the country's chief sanitary doctor Gennady Onishchenko, Russia banned the import of dried fruits and nuts from Tajikistan, as I wrote MedikForum.ru .
To avoid new cases polio infection Deputy Chief State sanvracha the Irkutsk Region introduced at border checkpoints of airports of Irkutsk and Bratsk increased control of passengers from Tajikistan. Introduced a temporary ban on entry into the Russian Federation of children up to 6 years - citizens of Tajikistan.
This ban will last until the end of the mass vaccination in the country. For all patients with the clinic of acute flaccid paralysis will be organized hospitalization. Similar measures are taken against the epidemic and other CIS countries.
Polio and its consequences
Most of today's young people know nothing about "the era of polio," and the older generation has forgotten her. We can relate to the possibility of disorderly vaccinations against polio and, without thinking, to deprive their child vaccinated.
Once, in the postwar years, the incidence of polio has risen sharply in many European countries, USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the USSR. Polio epidemic was recorded in the Baltic states, Kazakhstan, Siberia, the Urals, in some central regions of Russia. In 40-50 years of the last century, the disease began to turn into a big social problem.
The enemy must know in person
Polio - Infectious disease, mostly children, adults get sick quite rare, but it is much harder. It is characterized by damage to the nervous system, resulting in paralysis, and more - inflammatory changes of the intestinal mucosa and nasopharynx, which can masquerade as acute respiratory infections, or intestinal infection. The disease often goes virtually painless: in the first two days of fever, a headache may be vomiting, stomach upset.
A serious form of the disease, when it starts aching muscles and their subsequent paralysis, diagnosed in about 1 - 5% of cases. If a virus seizes control center of the respiratory system, this leads to respiratory arrest and death.
Doctors distinguish two types of the disease: in the defeat of spinal cord cells diagnostsiruyut spinal polio, and in paralysis of respiratory muscles - bulbar, and the suffering of the brain. About a quarter of all recovered patients remain disabled.
How do you get?
Poliovirus It is transmitted from an infected person by speaking, sneezing or through contaminated objects, food, water.
From the moment of infection to onset of symptoms extends from 3 days to a month, but often only one or two weeks. The infection enters the body through the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx or the intestine, where the virus is actively multiplying and penetrate into the blood, nerve cells reaching the brain, spinal cord and destroy them, causing paralysis.
The first vaccine
The researchers sought a way out in the middle of the 50s of the last century Alberto Sabin and Jonas Salk, scientists from America, created the first polio vaccine . Sabin belonged to the idea of using attenuated live polioviruses And the Salk developed a vaccine from killed viruses.
Immediately began mass immunization of the US population. In the USSR in the late 50s there was a private vaccine based on attenuated strains polio virus . A team led by Mikhail Chumakov virologists and Anatoly Smorodintsev not only developed it, but also to prove safety and efficacy. That's when, after wide immunization, the incidence has fallen sharply, and in some areas completely eliminated.
Strict control
Until 1970 vaccination against polio held annually under the auspices of the Ministry of Health, and then, due to the prosperous epidemic situation vaccinations have been conducted on age scheme.
The first three immunizations by vaccination calendar conducted in 3 months, then 4, 5 months old, and finally at 6 months. Revaccination - 18 months, 20 months and the last 14 years.
Doctors believe that only 5 injections Polio live vaccine fully protect against the disease.
Before May 2010 cases polio in Russia were registered in 1995-1996, in Chechnya, in the absence of vaccinations against polio among the population. Immediately it was carried out mass vaccination and polio epidemic averted.
How to protect yourself: the prevention of polio
Physicians are advised to be vaccinated only if you do not plant the above scheme. It is important to be clean: wash your hands, do not eat dirty frkuty not swim in the ponds, the water in which the dubious cleanliness.
It is important to:
To prevent the spread of polio in Russia today introduced an additional vaccination of children on epidemic indications.
Treatment and prevention
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