Pelvic inflammatory disease

August 17, 2012

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Among gynecological diseases inflammatory diseases of the genitalia in women   are the most common pathologies. Approximately 60% of women are turning for help to consult a gynecologist because of the development of inflammation. In addition, gynecologists say that in fact the number of cases may be even greater, since inflammation is sometimes obliterated. Therefore, the woman does not go to the doctor. It is believed that an increase in inflammation of genitals in women due primarily to lower immunity , Environmental degradation, changes in the sexual behavior of young people.

Causes of inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs

Almost always the inflammatory process occurs in the genitals by a number of different factors - thermal . chemical . mechanical . But the main factor directly affecting the development of inflammation, is the impact of infections. Depending on what kind of pathogen causes the development of inflammatory diseases of the female reproductive organs, they are usually subdivided into nonspecific   and specific . The latter include tuberculosis . gonorrhea . diphtheria .

Non-specific inflammatory diseases provoke a variety of pathogens: Chlamydia . Candida fungus . ureaplasmas . mycoplasma . Trichomonas . E. coli . Klebsiella . Corynebacterium   ( gardnerelly ) and etc.

Opportunistic pathogens also play a role in causing such diseases. The most common transmission of pathogens occurs during sexual intercourse, more rarely the case of household transmission. To inflammation of female genitals provoked opportunistic pathogens must comply with certain conditions. In particular vaginal flora, which creates an acidic environment, and prevents further activation of infection opportunistic pathogens.

In addition, a barrier to the spread of infection is the process of rejection layer of the endometrium during menstruation. However, this layer also rejected microorganisms. And thanks to the plastic properties of the pelvic peritoneum inflammation only affects a woman's pelvic area.

One factor that protects against the risk of a recurrence of inflammation of the genital organs, is also the use of certain oral contraceptives.

Distinguish active   and passive   the spread of infection to the upper genital tract from the lower. Lymphogenous considered passive or hematogenous path as well as distribution in the tubes and uterus into the abdominal cavity through the cervical canal. Active dissemination of infection occurs with Trichomonas   and sperm .

Factors that contribute to the spread of infection

The female genital tract infection is spreading increasingly influenced by several factors. Intensive process contribute to different manipulations performed in utero: abortion . curettage et al. In such procedures, the uterus may become infected either from the vagina, or from the environment. Through the fallopian tubes, it gradually spreads to the fallopian tubes. Rising infection often appears immediately after menstruation, childbirth, surgery, conducted on the organs of the pelvis and abdomen. Also actively contributes to the spread of its presence in women of foci of chronic infections, endocrine disorders and the nature of the metabolic processes in the body, poor nutrition, frequent emotional stress, exposure to cold, and others.

Types of inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs

Depending on what exactly the genital area of ​​women affects nonspecific infection, the disease is determined by the sexual organs. Subject to the development of inflammation of the vaginal mucosa appears colpitis . This inflammation is focal and diffuse, it may apply to a part of the vulva and cervix. If inflammation of the affected external genitalia, we are talking about vulvitis . This disease can develop in women as a consequence of mucosal injury due to scratching, abrasion and others. There is a surface infection of the injured. Sometimes diagnosed secondary vulvitis Which is a consequence of inflammation of internal genitals.

Cervical inflammation called cervicitis And a large gland vestibule - bartholinitis . If the inflammation affects the inner membrane of the cervical canal, the patient is diagnosed endocervicitis . Endometritis - Inflammation of the uterine lining. The occurrence of acute endometritis is mainly observed after a difficult birth, abortion, curettage.

When inflammation of the uterine body of the patient develops salpingitis . The inflammatory process affecting the ovaries, provokes oophoritis . Inflammation of the wall of the uterus is called the miometritom And pelvic peritoneum - pelvioperitonitom .

Salpingo-oophoritis   ( adnexitis ) - Inflammation of the uterus, which causes an infection that spreads from the vagina upward path. Usually it occurs as a consequence of a difficult birth or abortion. In more rare cases, infection can occur from direct or sigmoid colon, appendix.

Bacterial vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis - A widespread cause of vaginitis in women. As a result of this disease is disturbed biocenosis and normal vaginal flora. Woman marks the emergence of intensive release cables . Thus other symptoms are not observed. Very rarely show signs of itching or burning.

Bacterial vaginosis is also called   Gardner's disease - By the name of the scientist, first discovered in the vagina sticks - gardnerelly Which are always present in the microflora of the vagina in bacterial vaginosis.

At normal vaginal flora are its foundation lactobacilli Which carry out the function of protection against infection by suppressing the increase in the number of opportunistic pathogens. By reducing the number of lactobacilli in their place are occupied by opportunistic microbes, among which the leading place takes it gardnerella. Pathogens of bacterial vaginosis get into a woman's genitals during sexual intercourse. At the same time, household contacts of pathogen transmission from one woman to another cause of the disease can not be.

There are also a number of factors that increase the risk of bacterial vaginosis. This regular use of irrigation, the use of contraceptives That contain nonoxynol-9, application antibiotics   for treating other diseases, frequent change of sexual partners.

In bacterial vaginosis woman he notes that vaginal exude an unpleasant odor, which becomes more noticeable after sexual intercourse occurred. It is important to note that the selection in bacterial vaginosis discharge differ from healthy women just smell and quantity.

The development of bacterial vaginosis can be a serious problem, as it increases the risk of progression of inflammatory processes in the uterus, appendages, complications during child-bearing, as well as premature delivery   in pregnant women.

In the treatment of bacterial vaginosis doctor assigns mostly drug application metronidazole   inwardly. This drug is sometimes poorly tolerated by women, causing constant nausea. Furthermore, it is not strictly aligned with alcohol. As an alternative possible application of metronidazole gel which is introduced into the vagina, and clindamycin   in the form of lotions and tablets.

Chlamydia infection

For women, chlamydial infection is dangerous in terms of the consequences of its development, as it can cause the appearance of adhesions in the abdominal cavity and the fallopian tubes. As a consequence, a woman may suffer from in the future infertility . Chlamydia infection develops without apparent symptoms hidden. But sometimes a woman may complain of pain in the right hypochondrium.

Chlamydia are difficult to identify. To detect infection, performed a study of antibodies to chlamydia in the blood.

For the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the genital organs prescribed medications Group tetracyclines , and erythromycin . Summamed . Marope . klatsid . Therapy ureoplasma and mycoplasma infection is similar.

Candida colpitis

With the development of   Candida vaginitis woman observes the appearance of white cottage cheese-type selections. They appear under the influence of fungi Candida Which represent the normal vaginal flora.

Fungi of the genus Candida are normal microflora but their activity is greatly increased as a result of the course of treatment with antibiotics and takzhepri hypoestrogenism . gipovitaminoze . Sometimes colpitis candidiasis occurs on the background pregnancy .

Held local therapy in the form of douching with acidic solutions in order to restore the normal vaginal flora. It is also used to treat clotrimazole . Trichomonas Representatives econazole Candles pimafutsin .

Symptoms of inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs

Women inflammatory diseases characterized by the absence of clear clinical picture, since they are characterized by chronic and recurrent exacerbations. For inflammation of the female genital organs are characterized by different symptoms, both local and general. Inflammatory processes of female genital mutilation typical symptoms are swelling, redness and itching of the mucous membrane of the vagina and vulva, pain during intercourse, recurrent lower back pain, change in the character of vaginal discharge. Possible disruptions in the menstrual cycle, utrudnennoe urination.

In acute inflammatory disease occurs during a pronounced general reaction of the body: the body temperature rises, there is a fever. In the analysis of the blood is determined by the change in the blood picture. The woman says intense release cables, pain in the abdomen. If the process is in the chronic form over a long period, the destruction of the reproductive system become less pronounced, but there are indications of changes in the other systems and organs.

The consequences of inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs

During the progression of disease in women there are changes in the state of the reproductive system, as well as the general deterioration of the health status of the patient. Often there is a violation of metabolic processes, changes in vegetative-vascular nature, changes in the endocrine system.

In addition, pelvic inflammatory disease provokes the formation of anatomical changes. A woman who suffered inflammation of the genital organs can be formed Spikes   or develop blocked tubes . Significantly worsens blood flow to the tissues of the genital organs, the egg matures and violations. Inflammatory diseases in gynecology sometimes lead to the formation of the hemodynamic changes and trophic in the tissues and organs of small pelvis. The woman may disrupt the process Ovulation As well as transportation of the egg provided violations of tubal patency.

Due transferred inflammation of genitals at women manifest and menstrual dysfunction, may develop an ectopic pregnancy. Sometimes a change in the uterus and appendages. Such serious disease in some cases, provoking infertility. Therefore inflammatory diseases in gynecology occupy a principal place in the list of causes of infertility.

Most often, this inflammation causes sexual disorders, as well as menstrual and generative function in women.

If the diagnosis is not installed correctly and in a timely manner, the process can get worse and eventually succumb to ill-treatment. That is why the woman must realize that the earliest possible diagnosis and a comprehensive approach to treatment is a very important measure to prevent infertility in the future.