Atopic dermatitis in children

August 9, 2011

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Atopic dermatitis   is a skin inflammation, manifested by dryness, redness and peeling of the skin . In the inflamed areas there are small blisters filled with fluid, a child is experiencing unbearable itching.

Atopic dermatitis in children, is enough common in developed countries, the incidence raises up about 20% of children. The disease is often compounded asthma   - 34%   - 25% hay fever   -8 %.

The exact cause of atopic dermatitis is not yet precisely identified. Presumably, the main reason is considered to be an innate predisposition of children's immune system to allergic reactions. In the blood of children with atopic dermatitis show increased levels of antibodies that are responsible for allergies, is immunoglobulins   type E, IgE. This means that the body is in constant readiness to start an allergic reaction at any stimulus from the external environment, consequently causes of atopic dermatitis are likely to have an allergic nature.

Also, a disease can also be caused by various infections, food allergies, exposure to any chemicals.

Most often, children with atopic dermatitis have any bowel disease dysbiosis . Typically, the disease develops in early childhood up to 6 months, but may occur later in life, and even adolescents or adults.

Clinical forms of atopic dermatitis is classified into phases depending on the patient's age, stage of disease depend on the duration of the disease, and the form of the disease. From this classification depends on the treatment of atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis is divided into three phases. Infant phase - up to 2 years. Often there is the introduction of complementary foods. Localized on the face and stomach, and then can spread throughout the body. Children   - Up to 13 years. It appears first on the neck and in the field of bending limbs, and then goes on his stomach and back, and then can spread throughout the body. It is characterized by erythema and swelling of the skin, the appearance of painful fissures and erosions. Teenager   phase of atopic dermatitis and adult - 13 and older. For atopic dermatitis is characterized by skin changes due to a breach of its structure and water balance, and therefore need special care for skin.

At the stage of development of atopic dermatitis is divided into an initial stage, a stage marked changes, which in turn is divided into acute   and   chronic   remission . According to the severity of the disease is divided into mild, moderate and severe.

Delineation of the extent of the disease process divides the disease to limited . spread   and diffuse   form.

And also present options to a secondary infection.

By the nature of complications of atopic dermatitis in children is divided into pyoderma . viral infection   or fungal infection .

Symptoms of atopic dermatitis

Symptoms of atopic dermatitis for different ages is somewhat different. To infant phase   disease is characterized by the following symptoms: redness of the skin, dermatitis, reddish rash on the face, neck, abdomen, buttocks, on the flexor surfaces of the extremities in the elbow and knee joints, inguinal folds.

Present atopic dermatitis symptoms such as dryness and scaling of the skin, severe pruritus in the area of ​​inflammation, the appearance of fine yellowish-gray crusts, the formation of cracks and bubbles in clear liquid on the surface of the skin.

When the disease in nursery phase   the symptoms described above are complemented by displays of locations in the feet, hands, skin folds. Perhaps the prolonged duration of the disease, with periods of exacerbations and remissions. The child suffers from pruritus, sleep disturbance possible.

Treatment of atopic dermatitis in children

Treatment of the disease have to be integrated and the system and begin to eliminate all the annoying effects ( allergens ) On the body of the child. Appointed treatment of atopic dermatitis, which is complemented by all means hypoallergenic diet The preferred diet dairy products, porridges, vegetable and fruit puree of green products.

Pay attention to the child's clothing, wary of clothes made of synthetic and wool fabrics, which can cause allergic reactions and aggravate the symptoms of atopic dermatitis.

Because drug therapy is used antihistamines   and glucocorticosteroid   means local effects (creams, ointments). Demonstrated its effectiveness on the basis of external preparations tar .

Hormonal drugs are prescribed under the forms of the disease, in which atopic dermatitis runs hard and with complications. They are used with caution and only on the testimony of the treating physician. phototherapy   and psychotherapy .

In severe cases, the disease requiring hospitalization of the child.

Prevention of atopic dermatitis

Preventive measures to prevent the occurrence of the disease in children should begin at the stage of pregnancy and include diet, treatment of opportunistic diseases, with the exception of psycho-emotional stress, and the observance of rational regime of work and rest.

In children, the prevention of atopic dermatitis is in compliance with professional dietary advice on feeding, gentle transition to artificial feeding, hygiene, child's daily routine, eliminate stress and adequate treatment at the first signs of the disease. Any "freedom" in terms of the order introduction of complementary foods   can quite quickly lead to severe consequences for the child, which will have to fight for a long time.