Orsoten

Description overdue on 04/06/2014

• Latin name: Orsoten
• ATC code: A08AB01
• Active substance: Orlistat (Orlistat)
• Manufacturer: Krka-Rus (Russia)

Photos of the drug

Tweet

• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Instructions for use Orsotena (method and dosage)
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Cautions
• Analogs
• Synonyms
• Babies
• Slimming
• During pregnancy (and lactation)
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

The composition of one capsule Orsotena following: it contains 120 mg Orlistat As well as an auxiliary ingredient - microcrystalline cellulose .

Product form

Hard gelatin capsules may have a white to whitish yellow, they contain microbeads or microgranules and a mixture of a white powder. The capsules may contain agglomerates that are very easy to fall apart when they press.

The capsules are contained in a blister pack of 7 pieces in a carton box contains 3, 6 or 12 of the blisters. Also, capsules can be packaged in a blister pack to 21 pieces, cardboard packaging contains 1, 2 or 4 blisters with capsules.

Pharmacological action

Pills Orsoten suspend the process of fat absorption in the intestine. The drug is a part of the active substance Orlistat Which specifically inhibits gastric and pancreatic lipases. The emergence of covalent bonds with stomach   and pancreatic lipase   Orlistat prevents splitting of fats contained in food. When triglycerides are not cleaved from the digestive tract are not absorbed. They are excreted in the feces. As a result, the human body receives fewer calories. Therefore, the summary shows that Orsoten helps to reduce body weight. Thus there is no systemic absorption of the active ingredient.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

At a dose of 60 mg three times a day, the drug being blocked approximately 25% of fat absorption from food.

Already 24-48 hours after ingestion of the drug concentration of fat in the intestinal contents of the intestine increases. If the preparation is canceled, the concentration of fat in the intestine is returned to the same parameters as before his admission, after 48-72 hours.

If the agent takes an adult body mass index of more than 28 kg / m2, at a dose of 60 mg three times a day, its effectiveness is increased by combined treatment with low-calorie diet. Mainly active weight lost in the first six months of treatment.

In addition to reducing the weight of orlistat at a dose of 60 mg three times a day can reduce the content of cholesterol . In addition, people who are drug treatment, noted the decrease in the waist.

According to research, there is minimal absorption Orlistat . When using therapeutic doses of the drug in the blood plasma unmodified orlistat is present only sporadically, wherein its concentration is very low. There are also no signs of accumulation.

Orlistat binds to plasma proteins is greater than 99%. At a minimum, it is able to penetrate into the erythrocytes .

Metabolism   It noted in the walls of the small intestine, and stomach. About 97% of the material discharged through the intestines, including 83% - as persistent orlistat. Kidneys derived only about 2% of the total dose. Full elimination from the body is 3-5 days.

Indications

Orsoten   and Orsoten Plus   is shown to receive people who need to reduce body weight. Assign an adult patients who are overweight (body mass index greater than 28). The drug can be taken only under the low-calorie diet.

Contraindications

Contraindications drug following:

• High sensitivity orlistat ;
• chronic malabsorption syndrome   and cholestasia ;
• childhood and adolescence.

Precautions Orsoten appointed the following diseases:

• diabetes   the second type;
• violation of kidney function;
• hypothyroidism ;
• epilepsy ;
• change in the volume of interstitial fluid.

Side effects

With regular use of the capsules may develop some side effects. In most cases this gastrointestinal reactions associated with the pharmacological action of the drug.

• Digestive system : The appearance of oily secretions nature of the rectum, gassing , Periodic urgency to defecate, abdominal pain, loose stools . scatacratia More frequent bowel movements.
• Hematopoietic system : Increase in the MHO, a decrease in the concentration of prothrombin .
• Skin : Appearance bullous rash .
• Allergic symptoms : hives . rash . itch . bronchospasm . anaphylaxis . angioedema .
• May exhibit minor rectal bleeding, hepatitis . diverticulitis . cholelithiasis , Elevated liver enzymes.

If you notice any adverse effects, be sure to consult your doctor so that he has determined whether to continue treatment.

Instructions for use Orsotena (method and dosage)

The drug is taken orally in a food or decision for one hour after the meal.

Instructions on Orsoten Slim   He notes that the patient must adhere to a low-calorie diet, where, based on calories contains not more than 30% fat. Food must be spread evenly over three stages. How much time should be a means of how to take Slimming Capsules correctly, as well as individual dosage should be determined by the doctor.

Typically, for adult patients assigned to receive 120 mg of orlistat three times a day, that is, during or after each food intake. If there was no food intake or food does not contain fat, the capsule can not receive.

Orsotena maximum dose a day - 3 capsules. If the drug is taken in a dose exceeding 360 mg per day, its efficacy is not increased, but greatly increases the risk of side effects.

With a decrease in body weight of less than 5% at 12 weeks of therapy Orsotenom should be discontinued.

Even before the start of the drug is recommended to follow diet   and regularly carry out f Physically exercise . Proper nutrition and sport should be practiced, and after stopping capsules.

Overdose

Information about the overdose, as well as adverse reactions, observed as a result of an overdose are not available. If there was a significant overdose Orlistat , It is necessary to consult a doctor. Medical supervision is necessary for such a patient during the day. All of the systemic effects of the active ingredient rapidly reversible.

Cooperation

If at the same time taking cyclosporine   and Orlistat , There is a decrease in the concentration of cyclosporine   in blood plasma. As a consequence, lowers its immunosuppressive activity. Concomitant treatment with these drugs.

Receiving Orlistat   and warfarin   or other oral anticoagulants leads to changes in the value MHO.

Treatment with orlistat leads to malabsorption series fat-soluble vitamins .

It should not be used at the same time Orlistat   and acarbose   in the absence of data on their interactions.

Simultaneous reception Amiodarone   orlistat with a reduced concentration of amiodarone in plasma. Apply these medicines at the same time is possible only after the recommendation of a specialist.

There was no interaction with Orsotena F enitoinom . Atorvastatin . Amitriptyline . Fluoxetine . Phentermine . Sibutramine . Digoxin . Losartan . ethanol , Oral contraceptives, but also pravastatin . biguanidami . fibrates .

Terms of sale

Sold by prescription.

Storage conditions

Store at a temperature of from 15 to 25 degrees Celsius. The drug should be protected from children.

Shelf life

Keep Orsoten can be 2 years.

Cautions

Be sure to focus on the patients that non-compliance with a low-calorie diet and the same time taking capsules likelihood of side effects increases.

If the people who are oral contraceptives   while taking Orsoten, note the appearance of diarrhea They need to use additional methods of protection, in particular barrier.

Multivitamin Orsotenom in the treatment must be taken before bedtime, as Orlistat   impaired absorption of some vitamins.

People taking hypoglycemics Must before treatment slimming capsules be sure to consult your doctor, who will adjust the dose of hypoglycemic drugs.

By reducing the weight of the person can be marked improvements in blood pressure, reduce cholesterol levels. So people taking drugs to lower blood pressure, as well as the means to prevent hypercholesterolemia, while taking Orsotena should consult with your doctor.

If the treatment with orlistat develop rectal bleeding , Be sure to consult with your doctor.

Admission Orsotena does not affect the person's ability to manage the transport or work with the precise mechanism.

Because of the minimal absorption of orlistat to adjust the dose for the elderly and for people suffering from dysfunction of the kidneys and liver, is not necessary.

Analogs

Match code ATC 4th level:

• Ksenalten
• Orlistat
• Xenical

Analogs Orsoten drug - this drug Xenical . Orlistat . Orsoten Slim . Orlimaks . Ksenalten   and others. In the selection of drugs is recommended to always consult a doctor. Guided solely by the cost of the drug should not be. In addition, some drugs have a higher cost. In particular Xenical capsules will cost an average of 900 rubles. 21 capsule, whereas the price of an analogue of Xenical - Orsoten the drug - about 650 rubles per 21 capsule.

Xenical or Orsoten - which is better?

Reviews show that this question is no single answer. The effectiveness of drugs on the body and Orsoten Xenical depends on how correct and regular intake of capsules is, whether the person is engaged in sport, whether it complies with the diet. Both drugs are used for complex treatment of obesity. Both tools include one pharmacological group have similar active substance and are inhibitors of gastrointestinal lipases. Determine what kind of drug is selected will help the doctor, considering the individual characteristics of the person and his problems.

Is it better or Orsoten Reduxine?

Reduxine   - It is a combination tool that provides enterosorbiruyuschee and anorectic effect on the body. As the reviews, Reduxine can significantly reduce appetite, while Orsoten prevents the absorption of fat. Taking into account the different effects of medicines, their choice should be made available only to the expert.

Synonyms

Xenical . Alai .

Babies

Not applicable for the treatment of children and adolescents who are under 18 years old.

Slimming

The drug used to treat obesity .

Asked the difference between Orsoten   from Orsoten Slim It should be primarily borne in mind that the active substance in both preparations is Orlistat . Only different dosage - a capsule Orsoten used 120 mg of active ingredient, and a slim Orsoten - 60 mg. Choosing a drug for weight loss, it should be taken into account for this difference.

During pregnancy and lactation

There are no clinical studies of drug action during pregnancy   and between breast-feeding . Therefore, the means is not used for treating pregnant women and lactating mothers.

Reviews

At various sites and forums are numerous reviews Orsoten slimming. Most reviews Orsoten Slim   and Orsoten Plus   demonstrate the effectiveness of the drug. Reviews lost weight often contain information on how to help a person lose weight kilograms of the drug. As a rule, it is noted that the pills 120mg allow to lose for one month 5-7 kg.

Note that the reviews about losing weight Orsotene Slim   and Orsotene   It indicates that the most effective action of the drug observed when combining it with the reception low-calorie diet. Almost every active forum for slimming holds a discussion of how safe it is slimming. Generally, it is noted that the drug provokes side effects if the person during the treatment does not reduce the usual amount of fats in the diet.

Reviews of Orsotene doctors also largely positive. They approve the drug as an analogue of Xenical, while noting that the reception means it is necessary to practice in compliance with diet and active lifestyle.

Price Orsotena where to buy

The average price Orsotena   Weight loss is 630 rubles - 650 rubles. 21 capsule. Buy in Moscow Orsoten 120 mg (42 capsules) can be the average for 940-1000 rubles. Cost Orsoten Slim   an average of 1700-1800 rubles per pack (84 capsules). Slightly cheaper means to buy internet pharmacy in the presence of stocks and discounts. How much does a pharmacy Orsoten should specify a particular point of sale.

The cost of the drug in Ukraine (21 capsule) is about 430-450 UAH. Belarus Orsoten difficult to buy. As a rule, in Minsk and in other cities of the country must be pre-ordered slimming internet pharmacies. Similarly, you can buy the drug in Kazakhstan.

Get the best price and buy

Klopiksol

Description overdue on 11/18/2014

• Latin name: Clopixol
• ATC code: N05AF05
• Active substance: Zuclopenthixol (Zuclopenthixol)
• Manufacturer: H. Lundbeck A / S (Denmark)

Photos of the drug

Tweet

• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Instructions for use klopiksol (method and dosage)
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

Klopiksol   It contains as active component zuclopenthixol hydrochloride .

Additional ingredients: potato starch, MCC, glycerol , Hydrogenated castor oil, hypromellose, titanium dioxide, lactose, kopolividon, talc, magnesium stearate, macrogol, iron oxide red.

Klopiksol-akufaz   It is as active substance zuclopenthixol acetate , a Klopiksol Depot   - zuclopenthixol decanoate . Additional components in these drugs - Argon RM1137 and medium-chain triglycerides .

Product form

• Klopiksol   sold in the form of tablets contained in plastic bottles.
• Klopiksol Depot and Klopiksol-akufaz   available as a solution for injection.

Pharmacological action

This drug is neuroleptic . It has antipsychotic   and inhibitory action.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Drug forms in all blocks dopamine   receptors in the brain. It is considered an effective corrector Psychopathic   behavior. Increases content prolactin .

The active substance medications helps stop nuclear symptoms of schizophrenia : hallucinations , Thought disorder, mania. In addition, it causes sedative   effect and reduces the manifestation of associated symptoms: hostility, alarm , Suspicion and aggression. Getting used to the nonspecific sedative   effect rapidly.

The maximum content of active substance in tablets serum is observed after 4 hours. The drug can be taken regardless of meals. Bioavailability about 44%. The degree of connection with plasma proteins about 99%. Half-life - about 20 hours. Excreted in the feces and urine.

The active substance in a quantity penetrates placenta . A small amount of it is released into breast milk.

The equilibrium concentration is reached after about 4 days.

When using injection pronounced effect could be observed after 4 hours. Several larger effect is seen after 1-3 days after the internal administration. Then it is reduced.

One shot zuclopenthixol acetate   It promotes pronounced and rapid reduction of symptoms psychotic symptoms . Drug action lasts 2-3 days. It is usually sufficient injection of 1-2 to the desired effect was achieved. Then you can take Oral   or another depot .

After injection zuclopenthixol acetate   begins transient dose-dependent sedation . Usually it is done in the initial phase psychosis As it calms the patient to establish antipsychotic effect . After internal administration sedative effect is fast enough and becomes pronounced after 2 hours. The maximum is reached after 8 hours. Then the action starts to weaken, even if they were repeated injections.

After drug administration zuclopenthixol acetate   split. Half-life - about 32 hours. The maximum content in blood serum - after 1-2 days. The degree of coupling to plasma proteins is high. The minor extent through placenta . In some amounts excreted into breast milk. Excreted in the feces and urine.

Action klopiksol Depot and klopiksol-akufaz longer compared to oral forms.

Zuclopenthixol decanoate   has sedative   effect depends on the dosage. But the transition to klopiksol depot injection zuclopenthixol acetate   or tablets zuclopenthixol   probability Sedation   decreases. The addiction develops quickly.

Zuclopenthixol decanoate   splits when ingested. The maximum drug content in blood serum is observed in the first week. Half-life - 3 weeks. Equilibrium concentration in the re-introduction is set for 3 months.

The high degree of association with plasma proteins when administered drug in the form of injections. To a small extent of their active substances pass through placenta . A small amount is allocated to breast milk. Excreted in the feces and urine.

Indications

The drug is prescribed for chronic and acute forms Schizophrenia As well as other psychotic disorders Accompanied by hallucinations , Disturbances in thinking, paranoia. In addition, he was appointed to the disappearance of the state agitation , Hostility, the manic phase of manic-depressive psychosis , Increased anxiety, aggression, mental retardation in conjunction with psychomotor agitation   and other behavioral disorders. Also, the drug is used for senile dementia Accompanied by paranoid ideas, behavior disorders, disorientation, confusion.

Klopiksol Depot provides continuous treatment. Its active ingredient prevents relapses, which may arise due to the discontinuation of the tablets.

Klopiksol-akufaz used to treat acute   psychoses .   chronic psychoses   in acute and mania.

Contraindications

The drug is contraindicated in acute alcohol intoxication And acute intoxication opioid analgesics   and barbiturates . coma . hypersensitivity   to the drug.

In addition, it is not advisable to appoint pregnancy   and Lactation .

Side effects

When you receive the medication as a rule, may experience the following side effects:

• Nervous system : dizziness Appearance extrapyramidal disorders   (for their disappearance is possible to reduce the dose or take ANTIPARKINSONISM   preparations) drowsiness , Violation accommodation , Long-term treatment is possible dyskinesia . akathisia . hypokinesia . hyperkinesia . tremor . gipertonus . headache , Attention disorders and gait, dystonia . paresthesia . amnesia . syncope , Speech disorders, convulsions, hyperreflexia . Parkinsonism . ataxia . gipotonus . migraine . sleep disturbance , Anxiety, abnormal dreams and nightmares, depression , Nervousness, apathy . confusion .
• Digestive system : Dryness of the mouth, constipation , Increased salivation, vomiting, diarrhea . dyspepsia , Abdominal pain, flatulence Nausea.
• CCC : hypotension . orthostatic hypotension . tachycardia .
• The visual system : Blurred vision, mydriasis .
• Respiratory system : Stuffy nose, breathlessness .
• Hearing Hypersensitivity, ringing in the ears.
• Skin : hyperhidrosis . itching . dermatitis , Rash, photosensitivity, pigmentation disorders, seborrhea . purpura .
• Musculoskeletal System : myalgia . muscle rigidity .   torticollis . lockjaw .
• Metabolic processes : Increase or decrease appetite Set or decrease in body weight.
• The urinary system : Urinary retention, urinary disorders, polyuria .
• Liver and biliary system : Violation of functional tests.
• Reproductive system : Lack of ejaculation, orgasmic disorder   (women) erectile dysfunction , Decreased / increased libido, dryness, vulvovaginal area.
• General disorders : asthenia , Malaise, fatigue, pain, thirst, pyrexia . hypothermia .

In rare cases it is possible:

• Digestive system : Transient changes in liver function tests.
• CCC : Venous trobmoembolizm Lengthening the interval QT on ECG .
• Blood and lymphatic system : thrombocytopenia . leukopenia . neutropenia . agranulocytosis .
• Endocrine system : Increased   prolactin .
• Metabolic processes : hyperglycemia . hyperlipidemia Problems with glucose tolerance.
• The immune system : Hypersensitivity reactions anaphylactic   reaction.
• Reproductive system and breast : gynecomastia . amenorrhea . galactorrhea . priapism .
• Liver and biliary system : cholestatic hepatitis . jaundice .
• Nervous system : Malignant neuroleptic syndrome .

Side effects are usually dose-dependent. They may be more pronounced at the beginning of treatment and decreases gradually.

The consequences of the use of medications during pregnancy and breast-feeding   not thoroughly studied.

The sudden interruption of treatment may cause withdrawal symptoms. Typically, this dizziness , Nausea, anorexia, rhinorrhea . myalgia . insomnia , The state of excitation, vomiting, diarrhea , Increased Sweating . paresthesia . anxiety . tremor , Anxiety, variable sensations of heat or cold.

These symptoms may occur for 1-4 days after discontinuation of the drug and gradually reduced over 1-2 weeks.

Instructions for use klopiksol (method and dosage)

The tablets are administered orally in divided doses. The first dose of the drug during therapy should be small, then they gradually increased in view of the patient's response to treatment.

In the case of an acute attack Schizophrenia   and other acute psychotic disorders, mania, severe agitation   Instructions for use klopiksol recommends daily dosage of 10-50 mg.

Patients with chronic schizophrenia and other chronic psychosis   dose a day - 20-40 mg.

With senile   disorders that are accompanied by agitation   and confusion drug per day by taking 2-6 mg, if needed, the dose may be increased to 10-20 mg. It is desirable to take the tablets in the evening.

In the case of moderate to severe psychotic disorders the initial dose - 20 mg per day. It may be gradually increased every 2-3 days to 10-20 mg as a daily dose of 75 mg is reached.

With agitation   when mental retardation daily dose - 6-20 mg. If necessary, it increased to 25-40 mg.

After applying the injection klopiksol-akufaz prescribed pills klopiksol after 2-3 days.

Instructions on klopiksol Depot and klopiksol-akufaz reported that their dosage is selected individually depending on the patient's condition. Intramuscular injection. Medicine is injected into the upper outer quadrant of the buttocks.

As a general rule, appoint 1-3 ml klopiksol-akufaz. If more than 2 ml dose distributed to twice inject at different locations. If you want to make the second stab in 2-3 days. In some cases, it is administered within 1-2 days.

Zuclopenthixol acetate   It can not be used for a long time. Maximum - 2 weeks. Total treatment dosage should not exceed 400 mg, and the number of shots - 4.

Maintenance therapy continued tablets or injections klopiksol Depot. The transition is performed as follows:

• Therapy tablets zuclopenthixol : 2-3 days after the last injection administered at a dose of 40 mg. It is recommended to divide it into several times. If needed, the dosage can be increased to 10-20 mg every 2-3 days up to 75 mg.
• On treatment Klopiksol Depot : After the last injection zuclopenthixol acetate   introduces 1-2ml   zuclopenthixol decanoate . Intramuscular injection of the latter continued every 2-4 weeks. If necessary, you can use higher dosages or make shorter intervals between injections.

In addition, klopiksol Depot and klopiksol-akufaz can be mixed in the same syringe, and to do as a single injection. Then use zuclopenthixol decanoate   set individually.

For elderly patients at a dose can be reduced. The maximum single dose should not exceed 100 mg.

Preparation with zuclopenthixol decanoate   It can cause irritation at the site where administered. Injections at a dosage of 2 ml are divided into two steps.

Switching from tablets to injections of course klopiksol Depot:

• A typical daily oral dosage, an increase of 8 times, is one prick zuclopenthixol decanoate   every 2 weeks.
• A typical daily oral dosage increased to 16 times, is one prick zuclopenthixol decanoate   every 4 weeks.

After the first injection continue to take pills for a week, but to a lesser dosage.

Patients in the elderly prescribed klopiksol Depot in the minimum dose.

If you have problems with the work of the liver appoint half the usual dose injection and control the content of the drug in the blood serum.

Overdose

The manifestations of an overdose of the drug in all its forms: drowsiness, extrapyramidal disorder . hypotension . hyperthermia . coma , Convulsions, shock, hypothermia .

As the therapy is prescribed gastric lavage. Then, treatment is symptomatic. Supportive therapy. Do not use adrenaline . Seizures can be prevented using the Diazepam , a extrapyramidal symptoms - Biperidenom .

An overdose of the drug by injection is considered unlikely. Possible changes in the ECG and QT-prolongation Also reported on Arrhythmia   type Torsade de Pointes . ventricular arrhythmias , Cardiac arrest.

Treatment in this case, symptomatic and supportive. Measures should be taken to improve the functions of the respiratory system and CCC.

Cooperation

The medicament may increase Sedation   acts of oppressive nervous system. You can not assign it together with Guanethidine   and its analogs, as well as medicines, significantly prolongs QT interval . May decrease the effectiveness of   adrenergic   drugs for simultaneous use. It increases the likelihood of extrapyramidal symptoms   in combination with Metoclopramide   and Piperazine .

Together with lithium increases the likelihood neurotoxicity .

Tricyclic antidepressants   in combination with neuroleptics   mutually inhibit the biotransformation.

The use of drugs that inhibit the enzyme CYP2D6 , Slows down zuclopenthixol .

With careful use of the drug with the means that affect electrolyte balance.

Terms of sale

The drug is released under the prescription.

Storage conditions

Keep the drug should be out of the reach of small children. Store at 2 mg tablets and solutions for injections needed at temperatures up to 25 ° C. Means in tablets of 10 mg and 25 must be kept at a temperature of 30 ° C.

Shelf life

Klopiksol and klopiksol-akufaz should be stored no longer than two years. Shelf life klopiksol Depot - three years.

Reviews klopiksol

As a rule, patients leave reviews about klopiksol as a solution for injection. They note that the rate of use of this drug is very convenient, as the injections are made rarely. It's much easier than ever to take the pills.

Nevertheless, some of the benefits of the drug and in the case of point tablet form. For example, what it does not need to visit the doctor. The patient takes the medication on their own, so do not coordinate their activities with the schedule of injections.

Also reviews of klopiksol Depot and similar drugs in pill form, and note some unwanted effects. Usually, patients have reported apathy and decreased libido. Sometimes described extrapyramidal disorder .

However, the effectiveness of this means there is no doubt. The main thing is to take it exactly as prescribed by a doctor. As for any adjustments to the dose and changes in the state it is necessary to contact a specialist.

Price klopiksol where to buy

The cost of the drug is dependent on the release form. The average price klopiksol tablets is the following:

• Tablets 2 mg 50 pieces - 240 rubles;
• 25 mg tablets 100 pieces - 1550 rubles;
• Tablets 10 mg 50 pieces - 460 rubles.

Cost-klopiksol akufaz - about 2100 rubles.

Price klopiksol Depot one ampoule in the package - about 370 rubles, of 10 vials per pack - 3200 rubles.

Get the best price and buy

Oxybral

Description overdue on 17/11/2014

• Latin name: Oxybral
• ATC code: C04AX07
• Active substance: Vincamine (Vincamine)
• Manufacturer: GlaxoSmithKline S.A.E., Egypt

Photos of the drug

Tweet

• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Instructions for use Oxybral
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Cautions
• Analogs
• Babies
• During pregnancy (and lactation)
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

1 capsule contains 30 mg vincamine   - The active ingredient.

Additional ingredients:

• sugar spheres;
• methacrylic acid polymer;
• lactose;
• shellac;
• talc;
• polyvinylpyrrolidone;
• indigo;
• gelatin.

Product form

Oxybral drug comes in the form of capsules, 20 pieces per pack.

Pharmacological action

Antispasmodic, hypotensive, sedative.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Vincamine   It has a selective   vasoregulating   exposure   processes blood circulation in the brain Adapting the system of blood supply to his brain metabolic needs in a given situation. The drug improves brain metabolism   by increasing oxidation of glucose Thereby increasing energy production and improving the overall activity of the organism. It increases oxygen delivery Neurons Suffering from a lack of it lowers and regulates the ability to resist   cerebral vessels . Vincamine has a unique ability to improve oxygen delivery to neurons and ordering cerebral circulation . Oxybral different well tolerated, it does not show hematological and biological toxicity, and it does not identify side effects of the liver and / or kidney. Vincamine varied effects on brain functional activity, making it a very promising tool in the direction of stimulating intellectual capacities of man.

In the case of oral administration Vincamine is rapidly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. It has 64% of the capacity of binding to plasma proteins. T? - 60-90 minutes. Hepatic metabolism It is almost completely. Only about 4-6% of vincamine in unchanged form excreted by the kidneys.

Indications

Oxybral drug is recommended for use in various functional disorders of the brain, in order to maintain and control its activities:

• the deterioration of memory;
• at diabetic angiopathy ;
• for violations of the concentration;
• at atherosclerotic   damage to the vascular system of the brain;
• at hypertensive encephalopathy ;
• at post-traumatic disorders   after undergoing a traumatic brain injury;
• at brain damage   by reason of cerebral ischemia ;
• in pathological states caused by acute   circulatory disorders of the brain ;
• complications visual function   and / or hearing   vascular origin;
• at violations of the emotional sphere , Temporal and spatial orientation due to different mental disorders ;
• adaptation and normalization   of cerebral circulation   brain to his metabolic needs.

Contraindications

• tumor brain;
• pathology occurring with enhancements intracranial pressure ;
• acute stroke ;
• violation heart rate ;
• convulsions ;
• hypocalcemia or hypokalemia ;
• breast-feeding;
• pregnancy ;
• children's age;
• hypersensitivity to vincamine or any other ingredients of the formulation.

Side effects

• increase mental activity (weakly expressed);
• increase QT interval ;
• dizziness ;
• dysrhythmia and / or ventricular fibrillation ;
• headache;
• heartburn ;
• dry mouth;
• nausea ;
• erythema ;
• constipation   or diarrhea ;
• atopic dermatitis ;
• papular rash ;
• itching;
• hives ;
• angioneurotic edema.

Instructions for use Oxybral

Normally instruction at Oxybral recommends oral administration of 2 capsules per day for adults.

The duration of therapy, as well as dosage may vary, depending on the indication and the severity of the condition. Generally, treatment Oksibralom takes at least 2 months and can be extended for up to a year, with brain damage .

Overdose

In case of overdose Oksibralom recommend carrying out symptomatic treatment, while ECG monitoring , Careful clinical observation and, if necessary, to support vital systems.

Cooperation

When receiving Oxybral effects antihypertensives   and antiplatelet agents enhanced.

Terms of sale

Oxybral released from pharmacies on presentation of a prescription.

Storage conditions

Oxybral Storage temperature should not exceed 30 ° C.

Shelf life

36 months.

Cautions

At hypokalemia and pathologies, which are accompanied by an increase in QT interval Apply Oxybral not recommended because of possible complications ventricular rhythm .

In the case of reception vincamine patients with heart disease, you need to assign it to a minimum dose during continuous monitoring and ECG monitoring .

During the long-term treatment with Oxybral must be ensured liver function .

Because the content of capsules lactose and sugar should abandon their reception at   lactose intolerance, galactose .

Analogs Oxybral

Match code ATC 4th level:

• Halidorum
• Dibazol

In the case when for some reason there is no possibility to take this drug, may offer to Oxybral analogues, among which the most common are tablets: Cavinton . Enelbin . Dibazol . Vinpocetine . Cinnarizine . Stugeron etc.

Babies

Admission Oxybral in children is contraindicated.

During pregnancy (and lactation)

In periods Lactation and pregnancy therapy with vincamine is not carried out.

Reviews Oksibrale

Reviews Oksibrale rather contradictory. Doctors who use it in their treatment schemes, mostly pleased with the results of the treatment, in spite of this, some patients do not feel the improvement of their condition or the insufficient efficiency. It is worth noting that Oxybral, like his counterparts, should be taken only by prescription, often in combination with other medicines and in no case without assigning it yourself. Drugs in this group, with the correct individual selection, strict compliance with the recommendations of receiving help in solving the problems of blood circulation of the brain, improve memory, concentration and will be useful in many other cases.

Price Oxybral where to buy

Price Oxybral in Russia ranges from 1,000 to 1,500 rubles.

Buy Oxybral in Moscow you can for about 1,200 rubles.

Get the best price and buy

Rispolept

Description overdue on 10/22/2014

• Latin name: Rispolept
• ATC code: N05AX08
• Active substance: Risperidone (Risperidone)
• Manufacturer: Janssen Pharmaceutica (Belgium), Janssen-Cilag (Italy)

Photos of the drug

Tweet

• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications rispolept
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Instructions for use rispolept
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Cautions
• Analogs
• Synonyms
• Babies
• With alcohol
• During pregnancy (and lactation)
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

Tablets Rispolept (Rispolept)

1 tablet contains 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg or 4 mg risperidone - Active substance.

Additional ingredients: corn starch, lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate, hypromellose, colloidal silicon dioxide, anhydrous, propylene glycol, sodium lauryl sulfate, titanium dioxide, talc.

Oral solution Rispolept (Rispolept)

1 ml of a solution comprising 1 mg risperidone   - Active substance.

Additional ingredients: tartaric acid, sodium hydroxide, benzoic acid, purified water.

Powder / m slurry Rispolept Consta (Rispolept Sonsta)

1 vial contains 25 mg; 37, 5 mg or 50 mg R isperidona   - Active substance in the form of microgranules (381 mg risperidone 1 g of microgranules).

Additional ingredients: a copolymer of glycolic and lactic acids.

Solvent: Polysorbate 20, sodium carmellose, sodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, anhydrous citric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride, water for injection.

Product form

The drug is produced in the form of Rispolept oral tablets   №20 and №60 and oral solution   30 or 100 ml.

Medicine Rispolept Consta   It is marketed in the form of powder / m on the suspension 25; 37, 5 and 50 mg per vial. Attached to the powder 2 ml syringe with a solvent safe needle and needleless device for producing the slurry.

Pharmacological action

Antipsychotic.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Rispolept   and Rispolept Consta   They are antipsychotic drugs and comprise, as active ingredient, risperidone - Monoaminergic antagonist selective. Risperidone has a relatively high affinity for D2-dopaminergic receptors and 5-HT 2 serotonergic .   It has the ability to bind to alpha-1-receptors adrenergichekimi and exhibits some affinity for the alpha 2 adrenergic receptors and H1-histamine .   Effect on the cholinergic receptors were observed.

Risperidone shows strong antagonism D2-receptors and do not cause, in this case, inhibition of motor activity And compared with other neuroleptics, weaker inducts   catalepsy.   Shows balanced antagonism to the central action   dopamine   and serotonin, It reduces the tendency for extrapyramidal disorders character. Therapeutic effect rispolept includes negative and affective symptoms schizophrenia.

When applied orally (by mouth) is well absorbed in GI to achieve peak concentrations for 60-120 minutes after administration. Food does not affect the extent and rate of absorption.

Metabolism   It occurs by N-dealkylation as well as in the liver, with the assistance   Cytochrome P-450 which ultimately leads to the formation of a metabolite - 9-hydroxyrisperidone (pharmacologically active). This metabolite of risperidone and unchanging form antipsychotic active fraction.

T1 / 2 of unchanged drug in patients with psychosis occurs in about 3 hours, and the antipsychotic fraction and the active metabolite per day. Equilibrium concentrations, respectively, are observed for 1-2 days and 4-5 days. Within the accepted therapeutic doses risperidone   its plasma concentration directly proportional to its dose.

FROM plasma proteins   It binds approximately 88% of unchanged drug and 77% of the metabolite.

Throughout the week, excreted by the kidneys approximately 70%, approximately 14% of the intestines of the dose. As an active metabolite, and unchanged in the urine is determined by the order of 35-45% of the dose.

Patients in the elderly, and patients with abnormalities of the kidneys   No significant deviations pharmacokinetic profile .

Rispolept Consta   (extended-release formulation) once after the / m, it shows a slight release of the active ingredient (less than 1%) with an interval of 21 days. Significant release was observed 3 weeks after injection and monitored for 4 to 6 weeks. Release risperidone 7 week decreased. In connection with a small drug release in the first week, parallel recommended to take oral form of the drug.

Carrying a single injection of 14 days confirming providing therapeutic levels plasma concentrations of risperidone   4-6 weeks after the last injection. When carrying out treatment on this circuit was not observed accumulation of risperidone   even when used over a year.

FROM plasma proteins   It binds about 90% risperidone   and 77% of its active metabolite.

It is metabolized by cytochrome P450, with the assistance and forms a 9-hydroxyrisperidone, which exhibits similar, with the same drug pharmacodynamic profile.

After the last application rispolept Consta its excretion continues for 7-8 weeks.

Patients in the elderly, and patients with abnormalities of the kidneys We observed an increase in the plasma content unchanged risperidone and its active metabolite .

Indications rispolept

Indications for use of tablets and oral solution

Rispolept drug used for long-term maintenance treatment and prevention of acute episodes:

• affective disorders, manifested in various mental disease states;
• chronic and acute Schizophrenia   and other psychotic pathologies with negative and positive symptoms;
• behavioral disorders in patients with scope dementia   under the supervision of aggression ( physical abuse . outburst   etc.), psychotic symptoms , Disorders of the (delirium, excitement, etc.);
• behavioral disorders scope   adolescents from 15 years of age and adult patients with reduced intelligence or mental development in braking when destructive behavior ( autoaggression . impulsiveness . aggression ) Is dominant in the clinical course of the disease.

Also Rispolept prescribed for the treatment of mania at different bipolar disorder   (as an adjuvant) and to stabilize mood.

Indications for rispolept Consta is:

• prevention and therapy schizoaffective disorder   and exacerbations Schizophrenia .

Contraindications

Absolute contraindications to receiving oral solution and tablets rispolept are hypersensitivity to the ingredients of the formulation and lactation.

For rispolept Consta, except the above, the age of 18 years.

With caution is prescribed:

• in diseases of the cardiovascular system ( CHF . the loss of conductivity of the heart muscle , Postinfarction period);
• at circulatory disorders of the brain ;
• at hypovolemia   and Dehydration ;
• at convulsions   (even in history) and epilepsy ;
• at Parkinson's disease ;
• at renal and / or hepatic pathologies, severe;
• when drug dependence or abuse of drugs;
• at bowel obstruction . brain tumors Acute drug overdose, Reye's syndrome ;
• under conditions which may lead to tachycardia   type "pirouette" (electrolyte imbalance, bradycardia Parallel medications increase the interval QT);
• at pregnancy ;
• in childhood and adolescence up to 15 years for the tablets, and up to 4 years for the oral solution.

Side effects

Negative effects are described by the frequency of their occurrence, from the frequent to rare.

Oral forms rispolept

Very common: urinary tract infections in elderly patients with dementia .

Common: respiratory tract infections (upper) nasopharyngitis , Urinary tract infections, phlegmon . sinusitis . pneumonia   (elderly patients with dementia ), Flu-like state, and   rhinitis   (in children).

Rare: ear infections, pharyngitis , Viral infections, eye infections, tonsillitis . bronchitis Localized infection onychomycosis . cystitis , Respiratory tract infection, acrodermatitis . bronchopneumonia . tracheobronchitis .

• The immune system : Hypersensitivity, anaphylactic shock .
• Endocrine system : Kussmaul's coma . hyperprolactinemia , Violation of antidiuretic hormone secretion.
• Violations power mode   and metabolism : decreased appetite   (elderly patients with dementia ) increased appetite   (in children), anorexia . polydipsia . diabetic ketoacidosis . hypoglycemia . diabetes , Water intoxication.
• Mental Disorders : insomnia . nervousness . anxiety . confusion   (elderly patients with dementia ), Weakness (in children), agitation, sleep disturbances, flattening of affect . anorgasmia , Weakening of libido, mania.
• Nervous system : Parkinsonism   (including extrapyramidal disorder . akinesia . syndrome "gear" . bradykinesia . muscle rigidity . hypokinesia ), Sedation, headache . drowsiness   (in children); akathisia   (also a concern), dizziness, drowsiness . sedation . dystonia   (including muscle spasm or involuntary contraction, contraction of muscles, paralysis of the tongue, involuntary motions of the eyeballs); lethargy , Postural dizziness, tremor . dyskinesia   (including chorea   and choreoathetosis , Muscle twitching), fainting, impaired attention and gait, depressed (in elderly patients with dementia) ataxophemia   (in children); poor coordination, lack of response to external stimuli, dizziness to his loss, hypoesthesia , Speech impairment, movement disorders cerebral ischemia . tardive dyskinesia , Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, character, cerebrovascular disorders.
• Government of : A disorder of visual acuity, conjunctivitis   (elderly patients with dementia), conjunctival hyperemia, involuntary rotational movement of the eyeballs, blurred vision, swelling of the eyelids, crusting on the eyelids, periorbital edema , Dry eye, photophobia, lacrimation increased, increasing Intraocular pressure .
• Cardiovascular system : tachycardia , Lowering blood pressure, orthostatic hypotension , Transient ischemic attack (in elderly patients with dementia) stroke . myocardial infarction , Palpitations (in children); sinus bradycardia . atrioventricular block , Palpitations, sinus tachycardia "Tides" of blood, the blockade of legs (left and right) bundle branch block, Atrial fibrillation .
• Gastrointestinal tract Nausea, dyspepsia . constipation . vomiting , Salivation, diarrhea , Sensation of dryness in the mouth, abdominal pain, stomach discomfort, fekaloma   (elderly patients with dementia) encopresis . swelling of the lips . gastritis . aptializm . cheilitis . pancreatitis , Ileus.
• The kidneys and urinary tract : thamuria . urinary incontinence   and enuresis   (in children), pain during urination, urinary retention.
• Skin   and subcutaneous tissue : rash . dandruff , Dry skin, hyperkeratosis . seborrheic dermatitis . erythema   (elderly patients with dementia) itch   and acne   (in children), violation of skin pigmentation, papular rash . erythematous rash . generalized rash . maculopapular rash . alopecia . angioedema .
• Musculoskeletal system : Back pain, joint swelling, pain in the limbs, arthralgia , Gait disturbance (in elderly patients with dementia), and pain in the neck myalgia   (in children), chest pain, muscle weakness, stiffness in the joints, rhabdomyolysis .
• Reproductive system and breast : Lack of ejaculation, galactorrhea   (in children), violation of menstruation, gynecomastia . amenorrhea , Vaginal discharge, abnormal ejaculation And sexy erectile dysfunction , Breast enlargement, retrograde ejaculation . priapism .
• Thoracic and respiratory disorders As well as complications from mediastinum : breathlessness , Nasal congestion, cough, and rhinorrhea   (elderly patients with dementia and children), nosebleeds, pain in the throat and larynx, pulmonary congestion, inhalation pneumonia . wheezing . dysphonia , Obstructive airways disease, productive cough, crackles, edema of the nose, hyperventilation , Respiratory failure syndrome apnea   in a dream.
• Lymphatic System   and hematology : anemia . granulocytopenia . agranulocytosis . thrombocytopenia .
• Liver: jaundice .
• Hearing : Tinnitus, ear pain.
• General disorders : Fatigue, fever . asthenia , Chest pain, gait disturbance, and peripheral edema (in elderly patients with dementia), chest discomfort and slow (for children) thirst , Swelling, flu-like symptoms, malaise, general edema, chills, cold extremities, swelling of the face, the syndrome of "cancellation" hypothermia .
• Laboratory findings : Acceleration of heart rate, increase in creatine , Increase in body temperature (elderly patients with dementia), weight gain (in children), the growth of content prolactin . Increased activity aspartate aminotransferase   and alanine aminotransferase , The increase in eosinophils   and leukocytes   blood, impaired ECG, increase of blood glucose, lowering the concentration Hemoglobin , Reduction of body temperature, reduction hematocrit , Lowering blood pressure, lengthening the interval on the electrocardiogram QT.

Rispolept Consta

Common: respiratory tract infections (upper).

Rare: flu-like infection nasopharyngitis . bronchitis . rhinitis , Urinary tract infections, ear infections, and respiratory tract, pneumonia . pharyngitis Viral infections, sinusitis Localized infection gastroenteritis . cystitis . subcutaneous abscess .

• The immune system : Hypersensitivity, anaphylactic shock .
• Endocrine system : hyperprolactinemia , Violation of antidiuretic hormone secretion.
• Violations power mode   and metabolism : High or low appetite . hyperglycemia . anorexia . diabetic ketoacidosis . hypoglycemia . diabetes , Water intoxication.
• Nervous system : headache, Parkinsonism   (including muscle rigidity, extrapyramidal disorders, hypokinesia . bradykinesia , Rigidity of the "gear" muscle cramps ); akathisia . dizziness . tremor . sedation . drowsiness , Fainting, impaired attention, hypoesthesia ; loss of coordination, tardive dyskinesia . dystonia . lethargy . paresthesia . drooling , Postural dizziness, convulsions, drowsiness, ataxophemia . akinesia .
• Mental Disorders : Anxiety, insomnia, agitation, sleep disturbances, depression , Violation of sleep, nervousness, decrease in libido, mania.
• Government of : Blurred vision, decreased visual acuity, conjunctivitis , Retinal artery occlusion (shown at the intracardiac defect that has to right to left shunt).
• Cardiovascular system : arterial hypertension . atrioventricular block   (I degree) tachycardia , Palpitations, bundle-branch block (left and right), sinus bradycardia, low blood pressure, sinus tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension . atrial fibrillation .
• Respiratory system : Nasal sinuses, cough, shortness of breath, rhinorrhea Pain in the larynx and pharynx, sleep apnea syndrome .
• Gastrointestinal tract : Dryness of the mouth, constipation . dyspepsia , Dental pain, nausea, salivary hypersecretion , Vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea . gastritis , Discomfort in the stomach, pancreatitis . bowel obstruction .
• Skin and subcutaneous tissue : Dry skin, acne . rashes . itch . eczema . angioedema (Including swelling of the eyelids, perioral edema, swelling of the face, swelling of the pharynx and larynx, hereditary angioedema, oculo-respiratory syndrome, periorbital edema, swelling of the tongue, mouth, small intestine) alopecia .
• Musculoskeletal system : myalgia . arthralgia , Violation of posture, pain in the extremities and back pain, muscle pain in the chest, muscular weakness Pain in the buttocks, neck pain.
• Kidneys   and urinary tract : Urinary incontinence, urinary retention.
• Reproductive system   and mammary gland : amenorrhea . spanomenorrhea . galactorrhea And sexy erectile dysfunction , Chest discomfort, abnormal ejaculation or deceleration, gynecomastia , Violation of menstruation, priapism .
• Liver : jaundice .
• Hearing : vertigo , earache.
• Lymphatic System   and hematology : anemia . neutropenia . thrombocytopenia . agranulocytosis .
• General disorders and complications at the injection site : asthenia . fatigue , Peripheral edema, hyperthermia Pain, injection site pain, pain during injection, flu-like condition, pain and discomfort in the chest, malaise, sluggishness, compaction, swelling and other reactions at the injection site; hypothermia . phlegmon . abscess . cyst . necrosis . hematoma . ulcer , Nodules (these events were reported as serious and sometimes require surgery).
• Laboratory findings : Abnormalities in body weight, increase in the concentration of prolactin in the blood, increasing activity alanine aminotransferase . aspartate aminotransferase   and GGT , Violations of the ECG, increase the amount of glucose and liver microsomal enzymes, lengthening the interval QT, monitoring glucose in urine.

Instructions for use rispolept

Tablets and rispolepta solution was administered orally, regardless of the meal.

When treating   Schizophrenia to adults and children under 15 years old can assign rispolepta both in tablet form and in oral solution form, in one or two steps in a starting daily dose of 2 mg.

On the second day of therapy should increase the daily dose of 4 mg and continue treatment while maintaining dosage at this level, or adjust it individually. Typically, the optimal daily dose ranges from 4-6 mg. In some cases, it may be correct more gradual increase in the dose and decrease in initial and maintenance doses.

The daily dosage of 10 mg of the above does not affect the effectiveness of treatment and may lead to extrapyramidal symptoms . Due to the influence unexplored Rispolept dose above 16 mg per day, the drug in large doses can not be taken.

In case of need for sedation in the therapy can be added rispolepta benzodiazepines.

Data on the carrying out of treatment Schizophrenia   rispolept tablets for patients under 15 years, as well as an oral solution for patients under 13 years are not available.

When the possibility of treatment at doses less than 1 mg is prescribed oral solution.

Patients older than 13 years should start treatment with daily doses of 0, 5 mg with the reception the morning or evening. After every 24 hours may increase the dose by half, up to the recommended daily dose of 3 mg (for portability). Safety of treatment with a daily dose of 6 mg are not studied. When stable drowsiness, recommend acceptance 0, 25 mg twice a day.

For therapy behavioral disorders   patients with dementia   shows a starting daily dose of 0, 5 mg, with the possibility of an increase of 0, 25 mg every 48 hours until the maximum tolerated dose of 2 mg. In general, the optimal therapeutic dose is receiving 0, 5 mg 2 times per day. After reaching the optimal dose of the drug can be applied 1 time a day.

Treatment

At

 

At  

autism  

When

At

   

Overdose

drowsiness .

.   .       laxative   and Activated carbon .

At , and  

At   .

Cooperation

   

Risperidone      

 

 

Paroxetine   and Fluoxetine  

Topiramate

Tricyclic antidepressants Derivatives     .

  and  

Ranitidine   and       .

. Galantamine

Risperidone   or

Terms of sale

Storage conditions

Shelf life

Cautions

 

 

  and At    

    .

.     and

neuroleptics .  

Maybe   and

Parkinson's disease   and .   and ).

diabetes        

 

Analogs

Synonyms

•   etc.

Babies

With alcohol

During pregnancy and lactation

pregnancy  

neuroleptics

   

 

 

Cost Rispolept Consta  

Get the best price and buy

Tiredness

April 7, 2014

Related Articles:

• Myasthenia
• Translation of the clock hands is dangerous to health
• How to remove the tired feet
• Symptoms of numbness

Tweet

Fatigue of the body   - A peculiar physiological condition, which is caused by too much activity. Fatigue of the body results in a reduction of efficiency and reduction of vitality. It takes a full recovery of the body to return to normal life.

How does fatigue?

Sometimes, as a synonym for the term "fatigue" is used the word "fatigue". However, these definitions are not interchangeable, since fatigue - it's just a subjective feeling, which manifested fatigue.

Determined physical   and mental   ( mental ) fatigue . Mental fatigue is expressed, first of all, a decrease in productivity of intellectual effort, scattering attention. When physical fatigue disturbed muscle function.

Medics determined subjective   and objective   signs of fatigue. The earliest symptom is fatigue, the desire to sleep. Physical fatigue is expressed in varying degrees, in adults and children a decrease in muscular endurance and strength, coordination of movements. To perform certain actions a person who has observed the symptoms of exhaustion of the body, it is required to expend a lot more energy.

Initial signs of fatigue when the body's mental labor is memory problems, the inability to quickly revise the information focus on resolving the main issues, etc. Causes of fatigue in this case associated with a long and active mental work as it is, for example, is the case with the students before the exam. The main physiological causes fatigue of a physical nature - overvoltage body. For example, this condition can occur in the athlete, the driver after a long flight, etc. In some cases, after a very heavy load at the same time there is both physical and mental forms of fatigue.

Fatigue may be associated with the specific work: it occurs sooner if a person works monotonically in the same position, and thus he tighten the same muscles. Because of a false sense of comfort, then after work in a static posture can appear external signs of fatigue.

If the state of exhaustion regularly observed in humans and prevent him to lead a full life and actively work, be sure to go to the doctor with a request to explain what are the causes of fatigue are relevant in your case, and what to do to get rid of this condition.

When defective vacation or at constant very strong stress occurs chronic physical and nervous exhaustion. Experts also tend to distinguish intellectual and mental fatigue rights. People younger constant state of mental fatigue and restart provoke development neuroses . It is often expressed as fatigue schoolchildren. Those who are prone to constant anxiety and anxiety manifested mental fatigue.

Given the fact that the performance and fatigue are closely related, be sure to pay attention to the signs of this condition and take appropriate action. If it is very often marked by rapid fatigue, and recovery does not occur even after the rest, it should go to a specialist for consultation.

Parents must have a clear concept of fatigue and fatigue in children, not to lose the first degree of fatigue and try to help the child. In pre-school and primary school students a strong fatigue develops faster than that of an adult. This condition sometimes occurs as a result of many hours just sitting at the desk, very large daily loads, etc. Chronic fatigue in children is expressed in a number of features. The child becomes distracted, inattentive, losing perseverance, discipline breaks during lessons. In some cases, the child may even emerge temperature fatigue, marked weakness, headaches, weakness. Very often require additional treatment overwork children who recently brought any disease. But keep in mind that such a condition may also be the harbinger of disease.

Why manifested fatigue?

Thus, the main causes of fatigue are a serious physical, mental and emotional stress, poor diet, lack of sleep and proper rest, difficult to adapt to certain conditions, physical inactivity   and etc.

Fatigue occurs in humans as a result of prolonged or strenuous activity too. Fatigue at work is manifested as a result of different activities: body overwork as in the static and dynamic at work. Physical fatigue   It developed during muscular work, mental - with active intellectual activities. It causes fatigue monotonous activity, uniformity of action. In humans, there is a desire to leave work or to reduce the degree of stress. When people overwork the muscle load, since it decreases muscle supply of energy materials and at the same time accumulated decay products. Accordingly, the rest can get rid of lactic acid (a breakdown product) and to restore the normal functioning of skeletal muscle and other muscles. The normal state and working muscles faster comes with an active vacation.

If the state of fatigue constantly harass a person with a question, "explain what causes muscle fatigue", be sure to consult your doctor. The specialist will conduct a preliminary examination that would determine that constant fatigue associated with any specific reason. In addition, the doctor will tell you what should be the prevention of fatigue in the future.

The causes of mental fatigue character can be prolonged mental work, poor working conditions, emotional overload, noise, physical illness. If a person in a state of exhaustion continues, then gradually he develops attrition Which can be both acute and chronic. Often the depletion of both forms is seen in athletes who are preparing for competitions.

It is important to understand that fatigue can be a symptom of serious diseases - Diabetes . Hepatitis C . oncological diseases . depression .   multiple sclerosis . TB   and others. Therefore, it is important to go through a full examination and determine whether the normal state of human health. During the consultation, the doctor is required to pay attention on some subjective indicators (fatigue, general discomfort), and on the objective signs (weight loss, increased heart rate, blood pressure fluctuation)

How to get rid of fatigue?

To avoid fatigue, a person must first be very careful about their health and "listen" to the signals the body's fatigue and malaise. Any kind of physical fatigue can not be ignored. If a person regularly experiencing fatigue during exercise, it is necessary to reduce the intensity and pace of life in general, since the later may develop physical exhaustion, leading to malnutrition.

To prevent fatigue, it is important to efficiently organize the work, to alternate the active work with rest, arrange the workplace so that the work on it was the most convenient.

Experts say that more effectively prevent fatigue allows active. Man must constantly alternate mental work with physical work or exercise. During the day, it is important to do a full lunch break and not to engage in work at this time.

It should be remembered that the body rather overwork in static muscle activity, that is, when they are constantly in a state of tension. To prevent this, it is important to alternate between static and dynamic muscle work, periodically to find time to rest.

If a person feels the first signs of fatigue in physical or mental labor, it must be sure to pay attention to it a rest, turn their attention to other activities. We can not allow chronic fatigue.

If a person is often tired, feeling overwhelmed, he can try to apply some recipes of traditional medicine Allowing to bring the body back to normal and improve the overall tone. The beneficial effect on the body has tea with milk and honey, mint teas, leaves cranberries. It is also recommended to prepare teas and tinctures of licorice root, echinacea. Drinking pomegranate and grape juices, as well as freshly made juice from beets and carrots. Important as much time to be outdoors, pay attention to nutrition, to enter into the diet of vegetables, fruits and berries.

The beneficial effect on the body when fatigue have water treatment . In the evening you can take a relaxing bath or make a contrast foot bath (alternately lowered feet in the cold, the hot water). In the morning it is desirable to cool off with cold water, and seasoned people can practice throwing. Effectively restores power bath with needles extract, essential oil of pine needles.

Preventing fatigue preschool children is, first of all, in establishing the optimal mode of the day for the child. And in young children, and students should be enough sleep, adequate food, including useful to an organism dishes. Parents need to carefully monitor the child how adequate load. To avoid eye and muscle fatigue, student activities, it is important to alternate periodically break from classes. Measures for the prevention of fatigue in children include that preschooler sessions should not last more than 15-20 minutes, and the younger the student must have a rest from active mental stress every half hour. We can not allow the child to spend a lot of time in front of the monitor, as there is a risk of so-called computer vision syndrome . Fatigue, its species and prevention of a child - an important topic that should be discussed with your pediatrician and listen to his advice.

Eleven Pronatal

Description overdue on 08/14/2014

• Latin name: Elevit Pronatal
• ATC code: A11AA
• Active substance: Multivitamins + Minerals (Multivitamins + Multimineral)
• Manufacturer: "Bayer Consumer CARE AG" (Switzerland); "Rottendorf Pharma GmbH", Germany

Photos of the drug

Tweet

• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Eleven Pronatal, instructions for use (method and dosage)
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Cautions
• Analogs
• Synonyms
• Babies
• With alcohol
• During pregnancy (and lactation)
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

The composition of the Elevit Pronatal

The main active component of the pharmaceutical product is a vitamin complex, including biological agents such as:

• Vitamin A   (retinol palmitate) - 3600 IU (international units);
• Vitamin B1   (thiamine mononitrate) - 1, 6 mg;
• riboflavin   (riboflavin) - 1, 8 mg;
• Vitamin B5   (calcium pantothenate) - 10 mg;
• vitamin B6   (pyridoxine hydrochloride), - 2, 6 mg;
• Vitamin B9   (folic acid) - 0, 8 mg;
• cyanocobalamin   (cyanocobalamin) - 4 g;
• Vitamin C   (ascorbic acid) - 100 mg;
• Vitamin D   (cholecalciferol) - 500 IU;
• Vitamin E   (dl-a-tocopherol acetate) - 15 mg;
• vitamin PP   (nicotinamide) - 19 mg;
• Vitamin B7   (biotin) - 0, 2 mg.

Composition vitamins in each tablet medicament complemented plenty of diverse mineral substances, microelements and their salts:

• pantothenate and calcium phosphate - 125 mg;
• phosphorus - 125 mg;
• stearate and magnesium phosphate - 100 mg;
• iron fumarate - 60 mg;
• zinc sulfate - 7, 5 mg;
• copper sulfate - 1 mg;
• manganese sulfate - 1 mg.

The composition of the coating film:

• polyethylene glycol 6000 and 400;
• pretsirol Ato 5;
• gelatin;
• microcrystalline cellulose (MCC);
• sodium carboxymethyl starch;
• povidone K 30 and K 90;
• lactose monohydrate;
• mannitol;
• magnesium stearate;
• ethylcellulose.

Product form

Vitamin complex Elevit Pronatal in pharmacy represented as oblong tablets, film-coated, which are fixed in aluminum foil blisters or PVC of 10 or 20 pieces.

Tablets gray-yellow colors have a lenticular shape with characteristic band for breaking one of the surfaces. It may detect a smell, which is not indicative of the unsuitability of the pharmaceutical preparation. Cardboard packaging can accommodate 3 or 10 of the plate contour cell designed for 10 tablets or 5 blisters of 20 pieces.

Pharmacological action

Medicinal effects pharmaceutical preparation Elevit Pronatal should be viewed not comprehensively, but in accordance with Composite components, since all vitamins, microelements and their salt derivatives are biologically active substances.

The main physiological role   vitamin A   - It coordinating normal education lipids, proteins and mucopolysaccharides in proportions which requires   proliferating tissues . Due to this property it supports the body's ability to reparations   and regeneration   damaged areas. Also vitamin provides normal skin and mucous membranes, have been found in large quantities in the connective tissue   and the upper layers epithelial . An integral component of improving the functioning of Elevita   visual apparatus In particular the work of the eye in dim light (" twilight vision "), As it stimulates the metabolic processes in the rods, the receptor cells of the retina.

Second name Vitamin B1   - Antinevritichesky as the active component normalizes the nervous system, contributes to the physiological renewal myelin sheath   nerve trunks and the natural course of the electrical pulses. Also he play of in regulation of cardiac work   - Normalizes heart rate and strengthens the muscle cells of the organ. Vitamin is a stimulating factor in the blood, which provides timely renewal of the blood   and improves microcirculation. As coenzyme or specific transporter is involved in carbohydrate, protein, fat and water-salt metabolism.

Riboflavin   It is an essential part of the normal cycle of red blood cell formation ( erythrocyte ) And antibodies . It has a beneficial effect on the mucous membrane of the digestive tube and the respiratory tract, as it contributes to strengthen and timely Upgrade epithelium . It eliminates the effect of toxins that enter the body through the respiratory tract. Participates in the physiological development of tissues and organs of the fetus.

Pyridoxine hydrochloride   or vitamin B6   found in many metabolic processes. First, it lowers the concentration cholesterol   lipids and low density and very low levels, demonstrating anti-atherogenic effect . It helps improve cardiac contractility, as it increases the supply of mineral nutrients. It normalizes the work of the central and peripheral nervous systems, activating more intense axonal transport   trophism and neurons. Strengthen cell structure of bone, teeth, gums, and skin appendages   (hair and nails). Stimulates hematopoiesis .

Cyanocobalamine - An essential element for the formation of normal blood cells. In conjunction with Hageman factor Located on the surface of the stomach, participates in the absorption of iron by active diffusion and transport it to the place of synthesis of the major blood cells - red blood cells. This increases the intensity Oxygen metabolism   and improved delivery of gas to the peripheral tissues and organs. In case of absence vitamin B12 develops macrocytic megaloblastic anemia As disturbed physiological structure of red blood cells. Also, biologically active component normalizes circadian rhythms Improving sleep and regulating waking hours.

Vitamin C   It is a powerful antioxidant factor in the natural world. Linking free radical structure, it keeps the cell wall of their damaging effect. Through stimulating effect on the immune system   rises own resistibility of to infectious diseases, because of his recommends that plentifully to take in the winter periods when the SARS   threatens everyone. Also ascorbic acid is involved in the maturation connective tissue , Contributing metabolic cycles proline. Thus vitamin plays a role in the formation of bones , Gums, teeth, strengthening the vascular wall of the microvasculature. Participating in the digestive chain contributes to the normal absorption of calcium and iron.

The key role vitamin D3 It is in regulation calcium metabolism   and Phosphorus in the body. Due to its pharmacological effects microelements better absorbed from food in the gastrointestinal tract, promptly deposited in bone and dentin, delayed their renal excretion. Comprehensive effect of vitamin allows withstand osteomalacia and softening of bone tissue, tooth decay Due to the effects of endogenous and exogenous nature. Liberally used in the prevention of rickets.

Alpha-tocopherol   or a fat-soluble vitamin E, ascorbic acid and the like, has a strong antioxidant properties and participates in the formation of collagen and elastic fibers of the connective tissue and the skin in particular (supports regenerative capabilities the body to compensate for defects). Active ingredient strengthens the walls of capillaries and improves blood circulation in the vascular bed of small diameter, thereby preventing the development of anemia, and local deficiency of blood. It provides the normal functioning of plasma and trombotsitarnoj coagulation systems . Directly involved in education erythrocyte . When pregnancy is alpha-tocopherol boosts education gonadotropins and regulates development placental tissue , To she was responsible all the needs of the fetus.

Folic acid   It is one of the most essential vitamins for pregnant women and for planning the future of the child. It promotes the physiological the formation of neuroblasts   and neurocyte   embryo, which is important for the normal development of the central and Peripheral nervous system . The course of folic acid during pregnancy is able to prevent the emergence of a large number of hereditary diseases, such as neural tube splitting, anencephaly, abnormal development of the spine and so on. Also, this vitamin   strengthens the amniotic shell Thereby preventing possible premature birth. For the mother's body folic acid not without its uses - it is involved in hematopoiesis, as a stimulating factor, providing thus antianemic action .

Nicotinamide It is active coenzyme wide range of various metabolic reactions. So, for example, thanks to his the action of, is activated of adipose the exchange and are normalized redox processes. Vitamin promotes the synthesis of   adrenal hormones Regulating carbohydrate and water-salt exchange. Participates in immune reactions Providing the normal synthesis of antibodies in response to antigens.

The physiological role Calcium It lies in the formation of normal structure bone   the fetus. Due to exogenous trace elements entering the bone is laid embryonic leaf primordia and future dentin. In combination with vitamin D it provides an active prevention of osteomalacia . leaching of calcium   from an organism mother and of development of rickets in a child . Trace elements ensures the normal functioning of the cardiovascular system, as directly involved in the mechanism of depolarization cardiomyocytes and muscle contraction. It contributes to the proper operation of the system of blood clotting.

As calcium, phosphorus involved in bone elements tab and teeth. A distinctive feature is the participation in Energy exchange   - By means of chemical bonds with nucleotides are formed macroergic compounds, so-called, molecular energetic depot. If necessary, these structures are destroyed by a factor of internal environment and the cell or subcellular organelles receive the necessary amount of energy.

Iron necessary for the synthesis of heme at hemoglobin . This protein structure, which facilitates the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide erythrocyte. Without a trace element of the body would not be able to receive and pass on all the tissues and organs of such a vital gas, oxygen, and clean up the waste produced in the form of carbon dioxide.

Zinc It is the active component of the various enzymes , Proteinaceous catalysts for chemical reactions which are predominantly involved in the synthesis of corticosteroids, adrenal hormones . Also, its impact extends to the state derivatives of the skin - nails and hair.

Manganese plays an important role in planning pregnancy, since it facilitates the activation of the reproductive function   the female body. Trace elements improves memory and reduces irritability that a favorable effect if it is taken during a trace element postpartum depression .

Magnesium , As active component included in absolutely all tissues and organs of the human body. The highest value it has in shaping muscle and bone .

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Eleven is Pronatal   complex pharmaceutical preparation Containing a large variety of active ingredients, the pharmacokinetic ability which should be considered separately. But unfortunately, not all of the metabolic chain of active ingredients significantly explored.

Vitamin A   quickly and adequately absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Maximum plasma concentration achieved retinol after 4 hours after receiving medicament. It is deposited in Kupffer cells Where after the physiological level is gradually released into the main blood flow. Transport vitamin A   in the vascular bed is provided by by specific globulins That protects biologically active component from filtering in glomerular apparatus of the kidneys . Retinol is metabolized in the tissue with the end products of metabolism in the form of carbon dioxide, water soluble vitamins and essential fatty acids. The active component of the urine is not found.

Ascorbic acid   absorbed their gastrointestinal tract by active transport again the concentration gradient by sodium ascorbate cotransporter Which exhibits properties stereospecificity . Next vitamin C   It enters the main gentle and transferred to cells which metabolize it evenly. The urine is found ascorbic acid only at excessively exceeding the dosage of the active component.

Following oral administration of a pharmaceutical formulation   Vitamin D It absorbed from the small bowel end with the participation bile acids . In the blood acting component of the binds to the albumin   and g-globulins . Cholecalciferol is deposited mainly in fat tissue Because it is inherently soluble vitamins. The metabolic transformations take place in:

• skin - Under the influence of ultraviolet rays;
• kidney - starring PTH Produced by the parathyroid glands, converted to the active metabolite (renal potent hormone having a steroid structure);
• liver - After hydroxylation becomes 25 oksiholekaltsiferolom.

Most of vitamin D   allocated by the bile . The half-life is 19 days.

Thiamine absorbed in the intestine through active transport in epithelial cell by using a specific carrier. When large amounts of vitamin B1 can also be absorbed through the active diffusion . After 15 minutes it is already found in plasma (maximum concentration is achieved after 1, 5 hours), but only after half an hour in various body tissues. Deposited Vitamin B1   mainly in the brain, kidneys, adrenals, liver, and heart, as these organs consume thiamine in the largest quantities. Metabolized by the active component of the pharmaceutical preparation by the liver with an average rate of about 1 mg per day. The half-life ranges from 4 to 6 hours, depending on the intensity of the exchange of individual indicators.

Riboflavin   It absorbed in the gastro-intestinal tract by active transport, and then subjected to enterohepatic circulation That is, getting into the bloodstream, it passes through the liver. The greatest quantity riboflavin after oral reception is observed in cardiac muscle, liver, kidneys and marrow. About 10 percent of the vitamin excreted in the urine, the remainder of the active ingredient through a cycle reabsorption in the tubules of the kidneys, and then returns to the main and peripheral blood.

Pyridoxine absorbed by simple diffusion in the intestine. The blood is its transformation into pyridoxamine , Whereupon a final product exchange 4 piridoksilovaya acid   without any biological catalysts. In the tissues of vitamin B6 is phosphorylated to the above mentioned salts of organic acids, which are excreted in the urine. The maximum concentration of the vitamin is found in liver and myocardium, physiological depot active component of the drug Elevit Pronatal.

From bowel is sucked a little more than half of the entire the received Vitamin E . For its normal absorption requires fatty acids . As blood flows through the lymph tocopherol, is associated with the first chylomicrons And plasma since beta-lipoproteins . Accumulating tocopherol pituitary , The testes and the adrenal glands. It displays the active component to a greater extent in bile (about ¾ the entire dose of the drug), and the remainder is excreted in the urine as glucuronide conjugate.

Cyanocobalamine - The only water-soluble vitamins of the complex Elevit Pronatal who has property cumulation . This creates a risk of overdose supplementary active component. The cycle of absorption of vitamin B12 is particularly complicated in mind   branched the spatial configuration of   molecule. For its complete absorption requires physiological microflora of the digestive tract, two specific receptors and transmembrane transporter identified.

Indications

• gipovitaminoz ;
• beriberi ;
• lack of minerals and trace elements;
• preventive treatment anemia due to a deficiency of folic acid, cyanocobalamin or iron;
• Correction of mineral metabolism and metabolism of vitamins at   planning pregnancy ;
• period pregnancy After childbirth and breast-feeding .

Contraindications

• increased individual sensitivity, inherited or acquired intolerance to the constituent components of the pharmaceutical formulation;
• supervitaminosis any of the B vitamins;
• elevated blood calcium;
• violation of the kidney or liver disease;
• urolithiasis disease ;
• nephrolithiasis   and urolithiasis ;
• gipermagniemiya ;
• hyperphosphatemia ;
• increased excretion of calcium in the urine;
• violation of digestibility and utilization processes of iron.

Side effects

As a rule, the pharmaceutical preparation is well tolerated, as the prevailing part of the components of the drug is the element of physiological metabolism of the human body. However, in clinical practice are encountered and side effects of various character. Thus, for example, can be observed:

• malfunction of the stomach, intestines (discomfort in the epigastric region,   abdominal distention );
• nausea   and vomiting ;
• costiveness   or diarrhea ;
• hemolytic anemia   deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase;
• hypercalciuria ;
• headache   and dizziness ;
• irritability;
• allergic reactions   - hives . edema . itching   or rashes.

Of special note is the possible side effects from the immune system   the body, as when they occur should immediately seek professional medical help:

• anaphylactic reactions   up to shock   with respective laboratory and clinical manifestations (rare);
• an asthmatic syndrome ;
• not cardiogenic pulmonary edema;
• manifestations on the part of the cardiovascular system.

Before the course of conservative treatment of patients should be warned about some of the consequences of drug therapy that have no clinical significance:

• perhaps staining of urine   in intense yellow color due to the large number of Vitamin B2 ;

orally

To pregnant   breast-feeding  

Overdose

  or D

• nausea ;
• vomiting ;
• constipation ;
• headache .

symptomatic therapy  

Cooperation

antibiotics   groups tetracycline   and .

   

anticoagulants Platelet    

Treatment  

  and  

Levodopa . . fluoroquinolones . .  

   

Terms of sale

Storage conditions

Shelf life

2 years.

Cautions

Analogs

Match code ATC 4th level:

• Berocca Plus
• Pikovit D
• Biovital Kinder
• Duovit women
• Duovit Energy
• Duovit
• Intensive Selmevit
• Selmevit
• Triovite
• Vitrum with beta-carotene
• Vitrum Baby
• Vitrum Prenatal
• Vitrum
• Vitrum Junior of
• Vitrum Kids
• Vitrum Centuria
• Menopace

pregnant . . Vitrum . Complivit . .

Synonyms

. Glutamevit . .

Babies

With alcohol

Vitamin A   . and or beta-carotene  

vitamin D  

  and breastfeeding vitamin D .

.    

 

 

Get the best price and buy