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Vaginal preparations and male barrier methods to protect against unwanted conception, people used even in the most ancient times. Today barrier method protects against the development of pregnancy Preventing sperm from entering the woman's vagina or cervix. These contraceptives are usually divided into mechanical and chemical. In the first case we are talking about vaginal caps . diaphragms and condoms In the second - on the spermicides . If you connect these two methods of protection, then we are talking about combined contraceptive . This spermicides can be combined with any of the barrier methods. What is important is the fact that a barrier method to protect not only from conception, but also on the diseases that indulge in sexual intercourse. In addition, the barrier methods of contraception do not have a negative effect on the body of representatives of both sexes, and their efficiency exceeds hormonal contraception Which apply modern woman.
Condoms
The most frequently used method of barrier contraception is a mechanical type condom . Condoms for men - is a thin cover that modern manufacturers make vinyl, latex, polyurethane. Condoms are today one of the most popular tools that are widely used for the purpose of protection. Often in parallel with the condoms and spermicides are used.
If we analyze the responses that expressed by those who prefer condoms, we can note a number of advantages. So, there is a rapid effect on their use, the possibility of combining them with other methods of contraception. Condoms have no effect on breast-feeding, they are widely available, and for their purchases do not require a prescription. In addition, the important point is the availability of protection and diseases that are sexually transmitted. A man using a condom, is directly involved in family planning. In addition, sometimes the use of condoms could lengthen the period of erection and increase the time until ejaculation.
At the same time, experts note some disadvantages of this method. This is a relatively low efficiency (according to medical statistics, 100 women each year is from 3 to 14 pregnancies). Consequently, the effectiveness of condoms is much lower than when using modern hormonal contraception. The use of condoms can affect sexual sensations, reducing them. In addition, sometimes there are manifestations allergic reactions on spermicides, latex material for lubrication.
The use of condoms in sexual activity is recommended for those who need immediate means of protection, those who are relatively rarely has sex, as well as people who have more than one sexual partner.
But couples who have a well-honed constant sexual life, to use a condom is not desirable. Also, do not use this method of protection to those who have been allergic to the material used to make condoms. If a woman, there are health problems, due to which pregnancy becomes dangerous, it also required a more reliable method of contraception.
Using a condom, men and women must clearly know all the rules of its application. It is important that the condom was worn only on the erect penis. Wear it should be before you enter a member into the vagina. It is necessary to choose the right condom: it must meet the basic outlines of the contours of the penis in erection, but at the end of the drive must remain blank for sperm. Before you put on a condom, you need to move the foreskin as possible and very carefully pull it. No need to unwind the condom beforehand. In the absence of drive for the end products, it is necessary to leave about 2 cm slack to collect semen.
It is important to bear in mind that when using a condom lubrication not allowed to use dietary fat, mineral oil or petroleum jelly. The substances contained in them, may compromise the integrity of the condom. For lubrication suitable for special gels or spermicides.
After the sexual act was completed, the member must be removed, while holding the condom for its base that sperm can not enter the vagina. It allowed only a single use product. If there is no confidence in the quality of the condom, it can not be used. In the event that in the process of sexual intercourse the condom broke, you must use the method of emergency contraception. However, this can be done only in extreme cases, as such methods have significant hormonal burden on the woman's body.
To date, production in some countries there are already female condoms . This product resembles a cylinder, it is made of polyurethane plastic. It should be injected into a woman's vagina before sexual intercourse. However, due to the relatively high cost of contraceptives, as well as the inconvenience of its use of the female condom is not widely used.
Aperture
Aperture - A barrier method of mechanical type that is most suitable for women who have regular sex with a regular partner. Diaphragm is made in the shape of a dome having a diameter of 50-105 mm, latex rubber. The base of the dome - a spring of metal, covered with rubber. When a woman enters the diaphragm into the vagina in its wall it abuts a spring, which provides the closing of the cervix. Therefore, the sperm can not get into the uterus. Typically, the aperture advised to use, combining with spermicides. This not only increases the effect of its use, but also provides a lubricating effect.
The main advantages of the use of barrier methods for women is a rapid effect, the lack of side effects when using it. In addition, the diaphragm has no negative impact on the breast-feeding . The aperture is convenient from the point of view of its use: it can be entered already for 6 hours before intercourse.
As disadvantages of this method should note the relatively low efficiency (an average annual fixed from 6 to 20 pregnancies per 100 women). Use the aperture needed for each sexual contact, while in front of each terminal, enter another dose of spermicide.
Before you start using the diaphragm, a woman must necessarily be examined by a gynecologist and a fitting to hold the diaphragm. If its application is very important to comply with all rules of hygiene, since because of infection when removing or introducing the diaphragm may occur urinary tract infection . The diaphragm must not be removed 6 hours after completion of the sexual act. The spermicide is required to be used during each sexual intercourse.
There are also some clear contraindications for the use of the diaphragm. Do not use this method to those who have observed the individual allergy for materials of which make the diaphragm, as well as a spermicide. Do not use a diaphragm for women who suffer from chronic infectious diseases of the urinary tract, have anatomical abnormalities of the vagina, suffer from pain in the perineum, which appear between sexual acts. The diaphragm is not used postpartum And while menses or bleeding between periods.
It is recommended to use a diaphragm women who for a reason to refuse the application for prevention of intrauterine devices or hormonal drugs. It is also advisable to choose the aperture nursing mothers, women who have sexual intercourse infrequently.
It is not recommended to use a diaphragm for contraception to women, for whom the possibility of pregnancy can be dangerous to health. It is important that individual selection aperture engaged exclusively gynecologist. In turn, the woman should strictly abide by all the rules of its application.
Before you enter the vehicle, you should empty the bladder, wash your hands thoroughly. To determine the integrity of the diaphragm, you need to fill it with water. If all goes well, the cup of the diaphragm is necessary to squeeze out a little gel or cream with spermicide.
Enter the diaphragm can be in different positions, either squatting and lifting one leg on a chair or lying on your back. Before the introduction you need to bring together the edges of the diaphragm and put it behind the pubic bone deep into the vagina. After the introduction, you must use your finger to check whether the fully closed cervix. You can not enter the diaphragm sooner than 6 hours before sexual intercourse. But it should not be kontartseptiv inside more than 24 hours. After application of the diaphragm should be thoroughly washed with soap and water, dry. The tool is stored in a box until the next use.
Caps
A variation of the diaphragm is a cap, which covers only the cervix. The material is used for the manufacture of rubber caps. Given that the caps can be of different sizes, the selection of the means of contraception necessarily carried gynecologist. In addition, before using this method necessarily required medical examination.
As the diaphragm, the cap can be inserted up to 6 hours before sexual contact. If a woman can not for some reason use a diaphragm, the cap can be an acceptable means of contraception.
Speaking about the shortcomings of the caps, it should be noted the low contraceptive effect (according to statistics, 100 women recorded from 6 to 20 pregnancies per year). In addition, the cap inconveniently administered in the vagina and must be used carefully in parallel spermicides.
Contraindications for use of this tool are the same as for the use of the diaphragm. Also similar to the recommendations of the doctors on the use of caps in certain categories of women. But in general use today as the diaphragms and caps practiced relatively rare, because there are more convenient methods of protection against unwanted conception.
Spermicides
Spermicides - Substances that directly affect the sperm, the sperm activity or denying destroying them completely. Spermicides - a barrier contraceptive chemical type. As a rule, spermicidal cream or gel is used in combination with other methods of contraception. In most spermicidal lubricant used by those who prefer condoms or other barrier means.
Today, many products manufactured in the form-spertsmitsidov aerosols ( Lyutenurin . Kontratseptin T . Farmateks . Tratseptin ), Creams and gels ( Lyutenurin . Kontratseptin t . Farmateks . Tratseptin . Nonoxynol et al.), vaginal tablets, suppositories ( Neo-Sampon . Farmateks . Patenteks Oval . Nonoxynol . Sterilin and etc.). There are also spermicides in the form of films that are particularly convenient to use.
In modern vehicles of this type in the composition has two components: a base and a chemical agent that kills sperm. When you use the base protectively affects the cervix, which helps to reduce the contact between sperm and the cervix. In most modern spermicides used substance Nonoxynol-9 Which deleteriously affects the cellular membrane of sperm. Drugs, spermicides differ essentially different bases.
If candles are used for protection with spermicide, between the introduction of the candles and the start of sexual intercourse should take about 15 minutes as the spark for this time to dissolve. Similarly, it is necessary to act and the film.
Another important point is that spermicides actively act against viruses Immunodeficiency human. So if there is a risk of infection HIV Preferably the use of latex condoms and spermicide. Also, when using this method is an effective protection against diseases that indulge in sexual intercourse.
If spermicides used correctly, in the first year of using this means of pregnancy occurs in 3 out of 100 women.
Application of this method of contraception is shown to those who have sexual intercourse occur irregularly. These means are simple and easy to use, they are easy to store.
What is important is the fact that a woman may use spermicides, even without the knowledge about your sexual partner. Sometimes these drugs can be used to improve the effectiveness of an intrauterine device. Also, if necessary, they are used as emergency contraception, if during intercourse the condom breaks. If such a situation should enter the vehicle as quickly as possible.
Do not use this method if the manifest allergic reactions or intolerance of substances which are included in the spermicide.
As a side effect when using spermicides may develop skin irritations local character.
Vaginal sponges
This compact pads with an oval shape, which is made from synthetic fibers and impregnated with spermicide. This combination acts as a means of chemical and mechanical method. Vaginal sponge releases of chemicals that deplete the sperm, and also prevents the penetration of sperm into the uterus.
Vaginal sponge is very easy to use. Like other barrier methods, it is acceptable for use in Lactation . In addition, the vaginal sponge exhibits antibacterial activity against certain microorganisms that trigger the disease, sexually transmitted diseases.
The disadvantage of this method is some difficulty in extracting the sponge. Moreover, the sponge may lead to loss in the vagina during its withdrawal. Also, due to the presence of the absorbent sponge effect can lead to the appearance of dryness of the vagina in the female. As a result of applying this method increases the probability of fungal infections .
Useful tips
If used for the protection of a barrier method, then apply a selected variety of contraceptive should be strictly at every intercourse. Before intercourse, make sure that contraceptive in place and has been entered correctly. In the application of mechanical barrier methods a woman needs to know about the symptoms of toxic shock syndrome, which in rare cases, develop the use of such funds. This dramatically manifested fever, diarrhea , Vomiting, weakness, dizziness, sore throat, joint pain. In such a case, without delay, to take a contraceptive.
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