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Schizoid personality disorder (previously this condition is also called schizoid psychopathy ) - A condition in which a person has been a marked reduction in social contacts. People with this disorder are not emotionally expressive, they are not likely to have a close relationship with those around them, and sincerely wish to constantly be alone. A person with this disorder is closed in itself, it goes into his own world of fantasies.
The manifestation of the schizoid disorder
Some features of this disorder are gradually appearing in the child already three-four years old . Children with schizoid personality disorder are always trying to choose a secluded, quiet class, while avoiding active play and direct communication with the same age. Not seen in these children and expressed affection for the people nearest and dearest. Children with this disease have shown interest early abstract issues and serious problems of the philosophical plan. For example, a child may be concerned a matter of life and death and etc. Schizoid accentuation characterized manifestation closure . child fenced off from the outside world .
Later, after being admitted to a school child demonstrates pronounced tendency to logical thinking , It is often found aptitude for mathematics . But it is such a student can not adapt to a normal life and to solve the most simple situations that arise in everyday life. In the team they are trying to dissociate itself from the other children they do not take part in the general games and exercises.
In some cases schizoid personality disorder in the rudiments manifested some time after birth. Such a condition sometimes described as syndrome of infantile autism . Most of the time this child has monotonous behavior . lack of emotional response to others . These children are difficult to learn to talk, they are very difficult to form the simplest self-service skills.
Symptoms
The most characteristic manifestations of the schizoid personality disorder in humans is paradoxicalness and disharmony As in the appearance of a man, and in his behavior and emotions. People with this disorder is marked unnatural motility It is not enough plastic. If you look closely to the patient's gait and posture, in his appearance marked angularity. The mimicry is not visible to the average person characteristic liveliness, there are only standard of its expression. Voice Modulation is also unusual - the patient is talking monotonously. Features can be observed even in his style of clothes: it can be underlined aristocratic style or, on the contrary, negligence.
Patients with this disorder have peculiar hobbies But they are mostly one-sided. Such culture can be directed at achieving the objectives of minor and serious enough development (e.g., research). But it is these people have no interest in ordinary cases concerning daily life, family, etc. They do not support other people friendship, indifferent to family members, they have little interest in sex. Therefore people are selected such work in which minimized social contacts . Most patients live alone and try to completely avoid contact. As a consequence, the social skills in patients with schizoid personality disorder hardly developed. The status of such people also have problems due to the reluctance of communication and intercourse.
Schizoid type of patient is determined depending on exactly how it combines features emotional coldness ( anesthesia ) And strong sensitivity ( hyperesthesia ). There are two extreme types of personality of these patients, while there are so many variants of transition. In the sensitive schizoid prevails asthenic affect , they mimozopodobnye . giperesteticheskie . In expansive schizoid prevails sthenic affect They are cold, different a certain degree of stupidity .
The first type of patients ( sensitive schizoid ) There is a very thin internal organization They have high level of sensitivity . This schizoid personality type is characterized by the fact that these people hurt hurts rudeness, insult. Patients have a very narrow circle of people, to which they are attached. Their character traits are forced to be prone to samomuchitelstvu . Patients are not able to show emotions rapidly. But these people are selfish, though not inclined to forgive himself even minor flaws. As a rule, a personality disorder leads to the fact that every day they perform a certain narrow range of responsibilities, doing it in good faith. Mental Health a person can lose as a result of trauma . Such them often becomes a suspect in a particular act is not good, and others. In this state, this type of patients are trying to completely isolate themselves from the world, and their confidence is greatly enhanced.
The second type of patients ( expansive schizoid ) Observed such traits as the resoluteness . no inclination to doubt . At the same time the opinion of other people, they do not listen. In the process of dealing with people is celebrated dryness . indifference . Such patients are often characterized by negative character traits - arrogance . acrimony . But they are vulnerable and insecure in their abilities. If such a person is going through a difficult situation, he becomes fussy, irritable, he may experience periodic outbursts of anger. Sometimes, in this state the patient can manifest reactions similar to paranoid .
Causes
Some modern experts argue that the main cause of this condition the person is its unmet need for social contact with people . It is assumed that a child's parents of these patients might mistreat them. As a response to such education, a person develops a distrust of the inability to accept and to love and other positive feelings. Therefore, such people try to completely avoid any relationship.
Another part of the experts who are engaged psychodynamics theory It indicates that mental disorders in humans are associated with such lack of self-esteem and Unable to create comfort around you .
Experts studying cognitive direction They say that such people have celebrated a lack of thinking . Consequently, they can not capture emotions and respond to them. Furthermore, there is a theory of cerebral insufficiency, and endocrine system , about the impact of hereditary factors .
Diagnostics
There are a number of criteria under which a diagnosis " schizoid personality disorder ". The patient was a pleasure very few things or nothing at all. He shows aloofness and emotional coldness , May not demonstrate tenderness . love or anger respect other people poorly responds to praise and criticism. The patient is practically absent interest in the sexual side of life He is too concerned about fantasies. He prefers a solitary life and activities, does not feel the subtleties of social norms. There are no close friends, and the desire to have close ties. Assessing the presence of such features, as well as observing the patient, the physician concludes that the diagnosis.
Treatment
Usually, drug treatment this disease does not have the desired effect. Drug therapy is only performed if the patient is joining other ailments. Practiced cognitive therapy That seeks to make patients feel positive emotions . In addition, the practice group therapy .
Asperger's syndrome
Asperger's syndrome It is a species of schizoid personality disorder . The disease is named after the pediatrician Hans Asperger Observing children with similar symptoms. This state is a form of autism . This life dysfunctional state When a person in a special perceives the world around him, the people, and processes the information. This disorder is more often diagnosed in men. Also frequently Asperger's syndrome diagnosed in people with a family there were cases autism .
Usually, Asperger's syndrome is a hidden state, ie its external symptoms of the patient are not available. This state in adults and children is manifested in three areas. Patients have difficulty in Communications . cooperation and social imagination . The disease continues throughout life, because treatment Asperger syndrome can not completely overcome the disease. Also, the experts can not specifically name the causes of this condition. The presence of the disease to determine the specific test, and the syndrome of autism is characterized by the fact that the patient as a whole there are normal speech and cognitive abilities .
This status is determined by an adult is easier than in children. As a rule, particularly difficult for the patient and his loved ones is the period when a child with Asperger syndrome begins the period of active puberty .
Sufferers Asperger syndrome With great difficulty can understand intonation language . gestures . Mimics . Consequently, it is difficult to communicate with healthy interlocutors, and this leads to the appearance of a strong restlessness and anxiety . Very often, these people have a high level of intelligence, their ability to learn is present, although the process can manifest some difficulties. If a person with Asperger syndrome receives lifetime support of loved ones and others, he can lead a full life.
Communicating with such people, you should know the features of their behavior and understand what difficult moments in the interaction with the outside world they are experiencing. A person with Asperger syndrome often hard to understand when you want to finish or start a conversation. Such people can start or end the conversation at random, it is very difficult to understand meaning of metaphors . jokes . sarcasm and others. Thus, to help such a patient feel more confident, you need to talk to him very succinctly and clearly.
Despite the desire of people with Asperger syndrome Be Sociable, it is difficult to maintain friendly relations with the people. They do not understand the meaning of some basic social norms (eg, choosing inappropriate topics of conversation), become indifferent during intercourse behave uncharacteristically for healthy people.
Such patients often have very rich imagination That allows them to choose the adult years in creative professions. However, the social imagination they have not developed. Consequently, they find it difficult to analyze what the result will be at any given situation, it is hard to understand the other person's position on a particular issue. Their creative activity is usually limited and consistent.
Children with this disease do not take the game in which you need to show imagination and pretend to be someone. They soon attracted a class, which is dominated by strict logic .
There are also other distinctive features of people with Asperger syndrome . It expressed love to a clear order That is what they are trying to establish their own rules and regulations of life. If it is broken, the patient appears anxiety and excitement.
Most patients with this syndrome exhibit expressed interest in a particular hobby . Sometimes this kind of obsession with the occupation becomes a thing of their lives. Another distinguishing feature - sensory difficulties . The feelings of a man ( hearing . sight . smell . taste ) Can be either reinforced or underdeveloped. In this regard, some patients loud noises, very bright light, certain smells are alarming. Those who have observed the sensitivity of the sensor, it is difficult to perceive the body in an environment that surrounds them. Consequently, a person may be difficult to move, to perform actions that are related to fine motor skills . Sometimes these people are shaken or circling to overcome stress .
Causes and treatment of Asperger's Syndrome
Until now, researchers working on the study causes of Asperger's syndrome . Factor in the manifestation of the changes in the development of the brain of these patients, the combination of experts called Genetic and Environmental features .
This disorder does not depend on the characteristics of education, the circumstances of life and manifests itself through no fault of the patient. Diagnose Asperger's syndrome It is difficult, so the doctor should carefully evaluate the patient's condition, to carry out questioning relatives. The doctor evaluates the signs described above, monitors the behavior of a person and makes conclusions about its condition. The most difficult to diagnose this condition in early childhood.
To date, there are no specific medications or therapies Asperger syndrome . Patients should create conditions for a comfortable life and development that they receive the opportunity for self-actualization in adulthood and have the most fulfilling life. Practitioners also some methods to improve the quality of life of such a person. It Behavioral Therapy . Correction Power and etc.
How to help a person with Asperger's syndrome?
There are some rules and strategies that can make life and social interaction with the patient Asperger syndrome . However, in each case should be adjusted such rules in relation to the individual's circumstances and behavior.
In a conversation with such a person should avoid ambiguity, the phrase to express clearly. The conversation should be allocated the short side with a logical conclusion. At the same time, make sure that the person understands you. Sometimes the conversation is to use photos or recording, to facilitate understanding of the subject of the conversation.
The patient should be given the opportunity to talk about what he's interested. It is easier to overcome the barrier of communication. Not necessary chafe If a person demonstrates the awkwardness, as these violations are typical for such patients. Note also that people with Asperger syndrome difficult to catch the nuances of mood, nonverbal gestures. However, they are not insensitive, just find it difficult to understand and express emotions.
Care should be taken so that the patient does not afraid of loud noises . bright light . Concerned about such people, and any changes in life, so they should be carefully prepared and the person to explain everything that is happening, particularly detailed and thorough.
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