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Seizures They are relatively common lesions of the nervous system in children. Children seizures may occur in a child at different periods of his life, and they are associated with different causes.
Seizures may be due to the influence of harmful factors which may occur both during fetal development, and during delivery . These factors may affect the baby after birth, during the first months of his life. In children, seizures occur more often than seizures in adults.
Causes of seizures in children
Due to the fact that the brain in children at an early age is not enough mature, they have a low threshold of excitability of the central nervous system and, consequently, the tendency to convulsive reactions. In young children have a high permeability of the walls of blood vessels, so the swelling of the brain under the influence of harmful factors (toxic effects, infections, etc..) Are developing very quickly. They are accompanied by convulsive reaction.
Seizures in children are usually subdivided into neepelepticheskie and Epileptic . It happens that the first time to grow in the second. But about epilepsy in a child may speak only if the diagnosis confirms the doctor after detailed examination and medical history.
Neepelepticheskie seizures the child may occur relatively frequently. Seizures in newborns can occur due to asphyxia, injuries sustained during childbirth, with the appearance of defects in the central nervous system, diseases of the cardiovascular system, and others.
Furthermore, convulsions in children can be a consequence of Vaccination , Intoxication, infectious diseases and metabolic disorders. Therefore, when the manifestation of seizures should immediately conduct a comprehensive examination of the child and find out what reasons led to this phenomenon.
The most common causes of seizures in children are following the situation. Seizures in children immediately after birth may develop due to asphyxia. Because of suffocation blood circulation develops brain edema, and there appear petechial hemorrhages. In such a situation the baby is necessary to provide timely professional help, because when prolonged asphyxia scar tissue, and develops atrophy of the brain .
Most seizures due to this reason developed in complicated births, when there is entanglement umbilical cord around the neck, premature discharge of amniotic fluid, placental abruption. Once the child is removed from this state, convulsions stopped, and the condition of the baby bounces back.
Cramps are also accompanied by intracranial injuries during childbirth. Most of these seizures in children are local Ie seizures occur face or leg cramps in children. Sometimes these children have muscle weakness, and in severe cases - seizures of the entire body overall. If only that which was born baby appears intracranial bleeding and help him in time has not been provided, the seizures occur about 4 days after birth. Sometimes seizures are noted later, a few months after birth. The reasons for this phenomenon - the damage to brain tissue due to scarring. In this case, convulsions in infants may occur as a result of vaccination, infection, trauma.
The impetus for the seizure in this case can be a trauma, preventive vaccination or infection. Seizures may occur if a child holds a birth defect of the central nervous system.
With the development of infectious diseases can manifest as convulsions in children who have suffered trauma at birth, and have perfectly healthy babies. The toxic virus that attacks the body of the child, have a negative effect on his nervous system. As a result, symptoms are manifested, among other things, and convulsions.
Very often the seizures occur in children under one year in the acute phase Flu or SARS . If your child has rubella . chicken pox . measles , The seizures can occur at the peak of eruption. When neuroinfections seizures in children are due to increase intracranial pressure . In this tense the whole body. Once carried out the adequate treatment of diseases, and the temperature is normal, seizures stopped.
Sometimes the occurrence of seizures in children may be due to a reaction to management vaccines . Particularly high risk of seizures in children who have a high degree of convulsive readiness. Therefore, parents of these children have to know how to provide first aid for seizures. To do this, you can not only get acquainted with the relevant regulations, but also watch the video. But if the child previously suffered asphyxia, birth trauma or exudative diathesis Then it likely will not perform immunizations.
Seizures in children can also occur due to irregularities in the metabolic processes. As a consequence, in the body are deficient in certain minerals ( magnesium . potassium . calcium ).
But if the day and night cramps in children develop for no apparent reason, parents should be sure to consult with your doctor to rule out the development epilepsy .
Types of seizures
Given the nature of muscle contraction, determined tonic and clonic seizures . Tonic seizures children - it is a relatively long-term contraction of the muscles, which occurs as a result of hardening of limbs in flexion or extension. At the same time the child's body is pulled, and the head is tilted to the chest and throws back. To clonic seizures are characterized by dynamic reduction flexor and extensor muscles. As a consequence, there has been rapid involuntary movements of the torso, arms, legs. Often also occur tonic-clonic convulsions, fit notes when the two phases. If we define the fullness of skeletal muscle involvement, determined by the local ( partial ) And general ( Generalized ) Cramps.
Febrile seizures children develop in children under six years of age. They occur at high temperatures. About febrile convulsions can say, if we are talking about the origin of seizures in children who have previously seizures were reported. Such seizures are associated with immature nervous system and occur against a high temperature. One of the important factors in this case - a genetic predisposition to seizures. When febrile convulsions the baby is completely removed from the outside world, he may turn blue, hold your breath. Sometimes these seizures occur in series, but they rarely last more than 15 minutes. Treatment of this condition is carried out only with the participation of a physician. With their manifestation is important to provide proper first aid.
Respiratory affective spasms developing the child as a result of very strong emotions. This kind of hysterical reaction to emotional stress. Such seizures have been reported in children in the period of life from 6 months to 3 years.
Symptoms
When convulsions in the child throw back his head . limbs stretched forward . Most often, the baby faints , He grits his teeth and rolled their eyes. In some cases, there is foam on his lips. The body is tense, but it may twitch limb, or they completely decompressed and frozen. The child may turn blue lips, also occurs involuntary urination or loss of feces.
After the attack the child becomes lethargic, drowsy, he often does not remember what happened to him, can not navigate in space.
Diagnostics
Thus, in assessing the seizures doctor must take into account the information on heredity, health, parents of an illness during pregnancy the mother of the child, on the pathologies at delivery. Medical history includes determination of the nature and features of seizures. In particular, it is important to determine when the seizures occurred where to start an attack, how often repeated seizures, as well as other important points to note.
In the process of diagnosing physician receives important data during electroencephalography. It is also practiced by the study of the fundus, which can detect some pathology in children. If you want to be appointed as computed tomography . pneumoencephalography . angiography . spinal tap and etc.
First aid for seizures
If parents notice that the child has convulsions, the first thing to do in this case - is to call an ambulance. Pending doctors need to be active. First of all, you need to get rid of the baby tight clothing and lay it on its side. The child must be based on a flat, hard surface. If the baby is lying on his back, it is necessary to turn to the side of his head. In the period of seizure is necessary to provide an open airway. First, you need to clear the mouth of mucus. To prevent biting tongue and to ensure the access of air, he needed something to put between the teeth. It can be folded handkerchief or piece of cloth. If the child is put in the mouth something hard, it can break your teeth. To indoor fresh air, you should immediately open the window.
In convulsions that are celebrated during the time of mourning, it is important to create the most relaxed environment around the crying child. If there is seizure with strong crying child, he needs reflex breath . You can sprinkle the baby water, put pressure on the root of the tongue with a spoon, give him a breath smelling salts. You can also pat the baby's cheeks. Thereafter, it is recommended to give a sedative. You can use plain valerian tincture rate of 1 drop of 1 year of baby's life. Sometimes, when a strong voltage and not breathing, the baby has to do it artificial respiration . However, it should produce only after the attack since the attack process, this method is not practiced.
If a child has febrile seizures occur, then it is necessary to take measures to lower the temperature of the body. The kid must be given an antipyretic ( paracetamol . Ibuprofen ), Strip it, make a wrap with vinegar, or try to bring down the body temperature by other means. While seizures have not ended, the baby must constantly watch. Give him water only after the seizures.
If the high temperature and convulsions observed pale skin, bluish lips and nails, chills, cold feet and hands, then we are talking about pale fever . In this case, the child's body can not cool down. It needs to be warm and get a shot shpy or papaverine at a dose of 1 mg per 1 kg of weight, to expand blood vessels.
Children who have a tendency to Febrile seizures No need to drive to the bath, let out on the street in the hottest period of the day. A child who is prone to seizures by increasing body temperature, can not be left alone, if it is marked growth.
After the baby was given first aid, it is admitted to the neurological department of the hospital.
Treatment seizures performed only after diagnosis and primarily consists in the treatment of the underlying disease. In the treatment of used anticonvulsant drugs, prescribed thermal treatments, massages. Also, the practice of application antipyretic drugs . dehydrating agents As well as medicines that improve the metabolic processes in the body.
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