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Dystonia - A violation of the specific part of the nervous system that is responsible for autonomous processes of the human body. To distinguish between different types of dystonia are characterized by certain symptoms.
The muscular dystonia
The muscular dystonia - A disease of the extrapyramidal system that is chronic. This condition, which is characterized by continuous muscle contraction or spastic character. This reduction occurs in a muscle-agonist and counteracting it muscle. The manifestation of such spasms can not be predicted. They may be chronic and cause the patient appreciable inconvenience, which is fraught with the loss of the normal working capacity.
To distinguish primary muscular dystonia, which is an inherited disease of the nervous system, and secondary form of the disease that occurs as a neurological syndrome that accompanies other diseases of the nervous system. Often secondary dystonia manifested in infants in the background hemolytic disease newborns hepatolenticular disease and other pathologies.
The main manifestations of muscular dystonia are slow movements of the limbs and muscles involuntary nature. This changes the muscle tone and abnormal postures of the trunk and limbs.
The cause of symptoms of muscular dystonia in children is hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy . This brain damage ischemic, which occurred in the process of carrying a child, or directly during childbirth. During pregnancy there are many situations ( mazolysis . preeclampsia . intoxication harmful substances et al.), as a result of which the fetus develops chronic hypoxia . Acute hypoxia is caused by disturbances in the process of labor. These phenomena lead to the appearance of the baby muscular dystonia.
The muscular dystonia has different degrees of severity, and the muscle tone can be broken apart. Gipertonus provoking too strong tone of the extensor or flexor. The child may experience a slight voltage extremities which considerably during dressing or undressing the baby, and the tone of which is almost completely paralyzed traffic.
It is also possible manifestations gipotonus - Weak strain. With a small gipotonus the child may show weakness in the muscles, but with a strong gipotonus baby may not be able in time to begin to roll, sit. Consequently, muscle dystonia causes a delay of physical development of the child.
In the presence of a child's muscular dystonia need regular visits to a specialist neurologist. That doctor needs to determine how strong manifestations of the disease, and what treatment should be applied in each individual case. Treatment is carried out with the use of neurological drugs, massage, physical therapy. It is important to recognize that treatment of muscular dystonia last long enough - it is a few months to several years. With proper care, you can fully adjust the motor functions of the child.
Dystonia
Nature displays vegetative-vascular dystonia in humans (also referred to as disease vegetative dystonia . dystonia ) Is functional. This condition is defined symptom of various clinical manifestations, which affect a number of organs and systems. The cause of vascular dystonia are deviations in the autonomic .
Patients young age dystonia occurs because of differences in the degree of physical development and maturity of the neuro-endocrine system. In middle-aged people manifestation vegetanivnoy dystonia contributes to the presence of mental exhaustion as a consequence of serious illness, insomnia, chronic fatigue, an unbalanced diet and the wrong approach to nutrition, high or very low exercise and other factors. The manifestations of autonomic dysfunction are also possible with organic diseases of the brain.
In some cases, vascular dystonia may be innate. These patients react very badly to cold, during the excitement sweat and blush. Children with vascular dystonia can be a long time to suffer from urinary incontinence at night.
The symptoms of vegetative dystonia manifested due to the strong nervous tension, they can be both permanent and changed periodically. Such symptoms are called vegetative-vascular paroxysms . They begin to appear headache, pain gradually arise in the heart, the pulse quickens, the face reddens or pales. Often, a person manifests attack irrational fear, fever . Other symptoms of dystonia can be symptoms of general weakness, nausea, darkening of the eyes, sweating, decreased blood pressure . Such attacks sometimes lasted a few minutes and can sometimes take up to several hours. In most cases, they are on their own without treatment.
When this state provokes a decrease in venous tone deterioration of blood circulation, and, as a consequence, cerebral vascular dystonia It is causing headaches. Symptoms of cerebral vascular dystonia may be manifestations of eyelid edema, a small puffy face.
If a person is shown cardiovascular dystonia, its symptoms are generally low blood pressure, pain in the heart, headache , Poor appetite and a number of other symptoms characteristic of vegetative-vascular dystonia. Because of the strong influence of the state on the overall rhythm of life of human treatment of cardio-vascular dystonia should be given, without tightening.
During flare vascular dystonia often are cold and moisturizing hand, their color becomes bluish, it felt tingling in the fingers or strong pain. After the aggravation is over people for a few days and feels weakness weakness. Vegetative-vascular paroxysms sometimes manifested in the form of fainting without convulsions. The man quickly regains consciousness in the supine position.
To distinguish three types of dystonia this form: cardiac type, hypotonic type, hypertonic type.
Examination of vascular dystonia should be carried out as a syndrome rather than a single disease. Treatment of vascular dystonia involves the application of predominantly non-drug methods - hardening, exercise, swimming lessons, normalization routines. It is important to observe the special diet , Abandoning the excessive use of salt, pickles, pickles, strong tea and coffee. Also used therapy, special massage of the head, phytotherapy . As a method of prevention of vascular dystonia is important to avoid strong nervous tension and excitement, it is rational to alternate leisure time and work.
Cardiopsychoneurosis
Cardiopsychoneurosis - A concept very close to the term "vegetative-vascular dystonia." This title is a condition in which impaired vascular tone owing to disturbances in the nervous system.
The term "cardiopsychoneurosis" is used when the patient is the prevalence of cardiovascular disorders.
The basis of this disease is a violation of the right of the autonomic regulation of the functioning of internal organs. As a rule, neurocirculatory dystonia occurs across the distribution of violations or almost throughout the body. Consequently, the patient may complain of symptoms of a particular area, but to a certain extent they affect the body as a whole. There are five main symptom: kardialgichesky . breathing . fluctuations in blood pressure . thermoregulatory and dyspepsial .
Korma these phenomena are observed in patients with neurological disorders, fatigue, which occurs after a relatively small loads. Also exhibit a range of symptoms similar to those featured vegetative dystonia.
Torsion dystonia
Torsion dystonia It may manifest itself as an independent disease, and as a torsion-dystonic syndrome that occurs as a manifestation of other diseases - hepatolenticular disease . epidemic encephalitis , As a consequence injury at birth and etc.
Torsion Dystonia is a hereditary disease, the type of transmission - heterogeneous. The disease is inherited and dominant and recessive type. However, often the disease is inherited in dominant fashion. The first symptoms of torsion dystonia have been reported in people aged 5-20 years: as a rule, it is a manifestation of involuntary movements of one limb, often lower. The patient is uncomfortable to walk. When you try to change the position of the body, with nervous excitement giperkinezy become more pronounced, apply. Sometimes the patient may stiffen in unusual poses, his style of gait changes, it becomes steady. Patients sometimes have difficulty himself to service, but eventually learn to adapt to disturbances. In the lying position giperkinezy decrease in sleep, they do not occur at all.
Diagnose torsion dystonia, guided by clinical data. The diagnosis is facilitated if similar cases have occurred among relatives of the patient.
Treatment torsion dystonia made both conservative and operative methods. In addition to drug therapy to patients shows physiotherapy, hydrotherapy. Patients diagnosed with late-stage torsion dystonia and there is a deformation of joints, may appoint orthopedic surgery. Too rapid progression of the disease are appointed stereotactic surgery.
Diagnosis of Dystonia
The clinical picture of the disease symptoms is the main method of diagnosis. But it often clarify the doctor assigns some additional tests. So, the analysis of urine and blood help to establish whether there is infection in the body of toxins. Also during the survey specialist should determine whether the symptoms of dystonia manifested in close relatives of patients who received if he had any head injury.
For more detailed information is sometimes necessary genetic analysis. To do this, the DNA is obtained from the patient's blood and determine the presence of abnormal genes associated with certain types of dystonia. When dystonia pay special attention to the differential diagnosis, which allows you to exclude the presence of disease with similar symptoms. Thus, if present in the patient cardiac complaints, changes in the heart, it should primarily be deleted rheumatism . It should also be noted that autonomic disorders often combined with signs dysplasia connective tissue that resembles a manifestation congenital heart disease . rheumatic heart disease . rheumatic carditis . Due to the presence of other symptoms should be excluded hypertension . infectious diseases . mental disorders . asthma .
Prevention Dystonia
Given the fact that dystonia, first of all, is a complex issue, it is important to take measures to prevent this disease. To prevent symptoms of dystonia, you need a healthy diet: should abandon the use of strong coffee and tea, limit salty and spicy food, alcohol excluded. No less important is the complete cessation of smoking. As the products are useful for the prevention of dystonia, it is recommended to use dish of potatoes, prunes, eggplant, green peas.
If a person already diagnosed "dystonia", for the prevention of exacerbations of the disease should take sedative drugs. For this purpose, suitable, for example, valerian tincture .
To improve the condition of the patient and prevent the occurrence of the disease is possible by means of an active lifestyle. Everyday physical activity of moderate nature, as well as group lessons of sports, fitness, yoga not only help to strengthen all the processes in the body, but also effectively relieves emotional stress. It should be as often as possible to walk or work in the open air - it improves health.
If dystonia significantly worsens life and work, you should not self-medicate or ignore the symptoms of the disease. With the help of experts can choose the appropriate methods for significantly improving the condition of the patient.
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