Onychomycosis

December 5, 2011

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Onychomycosis   It is a fungal infection of nails in humans. This is one of the most common diseases from the scope of Dermatology . According to studies, the disease suffers from ten to fifteen percent of the population. Onychomycosis - a hotbed of fungal infection, which has existed for a long time. The infection is gradually spreading throughout the body, so in the course of treatment is very important to get rid of the parasite.

Occurrence of onychomycosis provoke mushrooms dermatophytes . trihofiton . yeast . molds   and others. To catch the infection may be in the process of using a variety of household items, shoes, nail accessories, with a visit to the baths, sauna, public showers. In recent years significantly increased the number of cases among children and adolescents.

Nail diseases provoke a variety of lesions: trauma, broken bones of hands and feet, poor circulation in the limbs, varicose veins, and others. Most often, the disease manifests itself in people who suffer somatic   and endocrine   illnesses, diabetes They have disruptions immune system , Taking corticosteroids or were receiving antibiotics. Except for onychomycosis nail changes occur Allergic changes   in the body, also emit harmful fungi Toxins . Onychomycosis is manifested in different ways, depending on the type of pathogen. Typically, fungal infection affects the nails on the feet, more rarely defeat nails on the hands. Sometimes the infection appears simultaneously on the nails and hands, and feet.

Forms of onychomycosis

To distinguish several forms of onychomycosis, depending on how the changes in the disease process of the nail plate. So, normotroficheskie   disease characterized by prolonged retention of the normal configuration of nails that have undergone defeat. Nail typical dull, yellowish tint near the distal edge of the plate in the corners of the nails are thicker due to subungual hyperkeratosis.

When onychomycosis hypertrophic   form thickened nail plate gradually deformed nails, they appear lateral line. Color - dirty gray. Sometimes the shape of the nail is gradually becoming a beak. When onychomycosis atrophic   form the nail plate significantly destroyed, the process of deformation, exposed nail bed. Nail Color serovyty or yellow, they are quite dull. Defeat by type oniholizisa   plate involves thinning of nails, their separation from the nail bed. Nails do not shine, the color - gray or yellow. Normal dyeing is only present in the matrix. Also, there are combined forms of the disease. Children affected nails with some features: its surface becomes rough, the nail plate is amazed at the distal edge, subungual hyperkeratosis - a rare phenomenon.

Symptoms of onychomycosis

Symptoms of disease vary depending on the type of pathogen. So, for onychomycosis, provoked T.rubrum, characterized by multiple lesions of nails. First stop on the nail plate appear yellow spots and longitudinal stripes. The nails of the hands are also affected by horizontal stripes, but their color is more bright and dim. Onychomycosis caused by   T.interdigitale Different appearance of bright yellow spots or bands nail becomes thicker at the free edge, it is deformed plate.

Infectious disease caused by a yeast-like fungi Candida It suggests that the disease begins mostly on fingers. Rollers nails become thicker at the edges noticeable silvery scales, during palpation person feels pain, may be released a little bit of pus. As a rule, nail plates are embossed on them appear transverse grooves, the nail plate can be destroyed in the proximal region. The plate becomes thinner at the side edges, the color - yellow. When a disease that caused molds, changing the color of the nail plate, taking into account the type of agent, he may be blue, yellow, brown, green, black.

Depending on where it is localized lesion, distinguish onychomycosis lateral . distal . distal-lateral . proximal . surface . total . Lateral lesions may spread to the edge of the plate on a fairly large area of ​​the nail matrix and even deeper.

Diagnosis of onychomycosis

To establish such a diagnosis helps familiarity with the clinical manifestations of the disease. The first doctor to find fungus should by microscopic examination of the material to determine its appearance. Also, the culture of the fungus isolated by plating on nutrient media. If the study conducted by an experienced specialist, already with a microscope he could distinguish some types of fungus. Onychomycosis is necessary to differentiate with the changes that occur in the fingernails psoriasis . eczema . lichen planus .

Treatment of onychomycosis

To the treatment of onychomycosis nail was the most effective, it is necessary to use a complex therapy. As a rule, patients received systemic antifungals, drugs for external use, the effect of which is aimed at improving blood circulation and the growth of the nail plate. Today, there are a lot of drugs - antimycotics for systemic effects. Specialist guided features of the particular case, appoint such drugs for a certain period. Before starting the treatment, be sure to make a general and biochemical blood tests.

The best known agents of this type are griseofulvin . terbinafine   ( Lamisil ) itraconazole   ( orungal ) ketoconazole   ( Nizoral ) fluconazole   ( Diflucan ). As an external means of successfully using special anti-fungal solutions in the form of varnish - Batrafen . Loceryl   and others. Before using these drugs should remove the affected area of ​​the nail plate. To determine whether it was possible to completely cure onychomycosis, is to determine whether the clinical manifestations disappeared the disease, whether fully grown nails. It is also important that the analyzes on three consecutive fungi were negative. They are carried out immediately after the treatment, and later - even twice at intervals of two months. Examination of patients after treatment of onychomycosis of the nails are held every three months during the year.

An equally important step in the treatment of the disease is considered epidemic measures. So, it is very important to disinfect visited used shoes, socks and stockings boil, follow the hygiene of nails on the hands and feet.

Prevention of onychomycosis

As preventive measures applied health education aimed at informing the public, dispensary monitoring of patients in order to detect the disease and prevent its spread among the loved ones of the patient. Prevention is important to carefully even small foot injuries, the use of funds, which help to fight the sweat, calluses, dry skin. All public places where there is high humidity should attend only rubber slippers.

Feet after washing must be sure to wipe dry socks should be changed every day. Do not walk barefoot on the beach, in the sand because mushrooms are stored for a long time. Do not use someone else's shoes. If there are dystrophic nail changes, they should be treated immediately, as the nails are significantly more likely to lend themselves to attack the disease. Thus, to prevent onychomycosis is possible only with strict adherence to the rules of hygiene.