Diseases of the digestive system

May 7, 2013

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Human activity is directly dependent on timely receipt of his body nutrients . microelements . vitamins . This process ensures that the digestive organs. To the functioning of all organs and systems was normal, the human digestive system must work flawlessly. Consequently, any disease of the digestive system should be diagnosed and treated promptly.

The structure of the digestive system

The bodies of the digestive system divided into several departments. The initial stage of the digestive process takes place in oral cavity and Where food is processed initially. Next the food enters the throat and   esophagus Moving to the stomach.

Belly   - A body composed of muscle, and in the inner cavity there are many glands that produce hydrochloric acid   and gastric juice . Under the influence of these fluids occur breakdown of food, after which it moves in duodenum . This initial section of the intestine, where food acts bile . pancreatic juice .

The longest is a department of the digestive system small intestine Where food is broken down completely, and the nutrients are absorbed into the blood. AT colon Digestion is completed: to get undigested remnants of what people ate. They are removed from the body under the influence of movement of the colon.

Digestion takes place under the influence of a number of digestive glands - pancreas, liver, salivary glands and microscopic. The liver produces bile and the pancreas produces insulin   and enzymes Under the action of which takes the breakdown of fats, proteins, carbohydrates. The salivary glands are responsible for the mitigation of food.

If the human digestive system functioning smoothly and clearly, the condition of the body is normal. But now the disease of the digestive system due to irregularities in the digestive tract in humans develop very often. The most common disorders of this type include gastritis . Reflux esophagitis . duodenitis . duodenal ulcer and   stomach . erosive bulbit . dysbiosis . bowel obstruction . food poisoning   and other ailments. All these diseases need to be treated properly and in a timely manner, or due to violation of contact with the blood of nutrients suffers the whole body.

Causes

Diseases of the digestive system determines many specific factors. However, doctors isolated a number of reasons, common to most diseases of this type. They are divided into external   and internal .

The decisive role in this case played external   reasons. First of all, such is the impact on the body of poor-quality food, liquids, of drugs.

Diseases of the digestive system may be a consequence of an unbalanced diet, which noted the lack or excess intake of fat, protein, carbohydrates. Sometimes these diseases manifest themselves as a result of prolonged irregular supply, too frequent inclusion in the diet of salty, very sharp, hot dishes, adversely affecting the digestive system. The presence of preservatives in the foods that a person eats each day, can trigger symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases. That is why the prevention of this type of disease in children and adults provide a minimum number of such products in the diet. And at the slightest symptoms of diseases of the digestive system a list of junk foods increases.

Negative influence, and some of the liquid. Diseases of the digestive system provoked, first of all, alcoholic beverages and those substitutes, soda and other drinks containing large amounts of dyes and preservatives.

In addition, external factors is the impact of microorganisms and worms from entering the body which most often occurs in the use of contaminated food. Under the action of viral and bacterial infections in developing specific   and nonspecific   disease. At the same time worms (tapeworms, roundworms, flukes) parasites in the body and reduce its overall condition.

Provoking factor is smoking, as well as regular stressful situations and experiences.

Internal causes of diseases of the digestive system are genetic factors, malformations of fetal development, the development of autoimmune processes in the body.

As a rule, one disease of the digestive system develops as a result of exposure to a number of different reasons. One specific cause can be determined only in infectious diseases and infection by parasites.

Symptoms

With the development of human diseases of the digestive system main symptom, which testifies to their manifestation, considered pain of varying intensity, which arise in the course of the digestive tract. Such a feature is defined in almost all diseases, but his character, depending on what kind of disease of the digestive system is developing, may be different.

Thus, when cholecystitis   Pain develops in the upper quadrant, left or right. Pancreatitis   seen encircling the pain that has no precise localization, sometimes it can give to the heart or between the shoulder blades. In some diseases the pain is dull, in other cases, for example, perforated stomach ulcer , Pain is very sharp and intense. Sometimes the pain is independent of food intake. Patients suffer cholecystitis or pancreatitis after administration of fat. In gastric ulcer pain increases, if the person does not eat for a long time. With giperatsidnom gastritis   pain, on the contrary, the patient dies down after drinking milk.

Dyspepsia   - Another common symptom in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Doctors determine the upper and lower dyspepsia. Upper indigestion manifested in the patient heartburn Constant belching, recurrent vomiting and nausea. It is also noted discomfort and feeling of fullness in the epigastric region, dysphagia , loss of appetite.

Manifestations of the lower dyspeptic - feeling of fullness in the abdomen, flatulence , Constipation, diarrhea . In addition, in diseases of the digestive system of humans may vary the color of the chair, to develop a rash or other skin changes. More precisely, we can talk about the symptoms of a particular disease when considering the human digestive system.

Diagnostics

Initially with suspected development of diseases of the digestive system a doctor must perform a thorough examination of the patient. During the inspection practiced palpation, percussion, auscultation. It is necessary to probe the complaints to examine history.

As a rule, this type of disease the patient is assigned to conduct laboratory tests (general and biochemical blood tests, an overall analysis of urine, fecal analysis). It is widely practiced in the process diagnosis and radiation methods. Informative method is ultrasound of the abdominal cavity, radiography, fluoroscopy using contrast agents, CT, MRI. Depending on the disease can be assigned as the procedures to assess the state of the internal organs of the digestive system and also to obtain material for biopsy. It colonoscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, laparoscopy.

In order to survey the stomach practiced application of functional tests to obtain detailed information on gastric acid secretion, its motor function, as well as on the state of the pancreas, small intestine.

Treatment

Dosage treatment of diseases of the digestive system is assigned depending on what kind of disease has been diagnosed in the patient. However, it is important to assign any disease treatment in a timely manner in order to avoid complications and the transition to a chronic form of the disease. After conducting research physician, based on the results obtained, shall appoint the scheme of therapy. It is an important step in the treatment of many diseases of the digestive tract is a special dietary food. If the patient holds acute form of the disease, he for some time can be assigned to parenteral nutrition, providing flow of nutrients directly into the bloodstream. Further, as the recovery takes a normal diet, but from the diet excludes all foods that can provoke an aggravation of the disease.

Often the treatment is gradual. So, initially in acute gastritis should be brought back to normal secretory function of the stomach, after which the patient is assigned treatment antibiotics . Further, in the third stage, it takes money promotes cell renewal of the gastric mucosa, as well as the restoration of normal metabolism in the body.

Diseases of the digestive system sometimes can be cured in a few weeks, in other cases the treatment continues even several years. It is especially important time to diagnose diseases of the digestive system in children in order to minimize the duration of treatment.

Often in case of gastrointestinal diseases of integrated treatment, yielding the most significant results. For example, gastric ulcer patient should initially take care of eliminating the causes that trigger the development of disease. Further, it is assigned a course of treatment drugs in conjunction with a strict diet. In this practice, the use of other methods - physical therapy, magnetic therapy, laser therapy, and others.

In general, to ensure successful treatment, the patient must understand that his life becomes extremely important prevention of acute gastrointestinal diseases. Consequently, the need to significantly adjust lifestyles in general. This is the power, and the regime of the day, and bad habits.

Recently diagnosed as a disease in which there are no clinical signs, which were discussed above. So-called chronic ischemic disease of the digestive system - It is a disease provoked by the defeat of visceral arteries of the abdominal aorta. Coronary artery disease of the digestive system leads to violation of patency of visceral arteries. Therefore, it is important to conduct a thorough diagnosis, so as not to miss the opportunity to prescribe the right treatment. Such patients recommend a specific diet (eat little and often, do not eat the food, leading to flatulence). In the treatment using drugs, antispasmodics, and drugs that lead to normal blood circulation.

If conservative treatment does not give the desired effect, then in many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract is practiced surgical interventions. Conducted as a little traumatic, and abdominal surgery.

Prevention

Prevention of diseases of the digestive system - is, above all, the right approach to the organization of daily nutrition and a healthy lifestyle in general. It is important to give up bad habits, be physically active every day, full sleep and rest.

An important measure of prevention - regular visits scheduled checkups. Moreover, it should be done even if the symptoms do not appear alarming. People who are over 40 years, ultrasound of the abdomen, it is desirable to do every year.

It is important to eat properly. The diet should be balanced and diverse as possible. The food should be moderate, ie before the full sense of satiety can not load. For the digestive system to work smoothly, it is important to include every day in the diet of raw fruits and vegetables. Food should always be fresh, and eat food should be, slowly and without being distracted by extraneous things, while chewing it thoroughly. Do doctors recommend 4-5 times a day, and you need to try to do it at one and the same time. Because the diet is better to exclude very cold and very hot food. It is also desirable to phase out refined carbohydrates and very savory.