Atopic dermatitis

May 26, 2011

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Atopic dermatitis   - Hereditary non-infectious diseases of the skin, allergic, it can be chronic. According to statistics, most of the disease occurs in families. If someone from relatives or parents have diseases such as bronchial asthma . nasal allergy   or atopic dermatitis, the likelihood of transmission of the disease the child inherited 50% of the child. When both parents are ill, inheritance probability increases to 80%. Sometimes just the presence of asthma in parents, can cause a child's atopic dermatitis.

Causes of atopic dermatitis

Manifestations of the disease in the first year of life is most often associated with the introduction of complementary foods into the diet of children. To allergenic foods include cow's milk, eggs and fish, so they are not recommended to be administered in the Lure of 10-12 months. Can cause allergic reactions and synthetic blend.

Approximately 70% of patients the disease is in their teens, the rest goes into the adult form, in which acute replaced remissions   for a short time, and then again the disease escalates. Adults allergens are the house dust, animal dander, mold, plants, symptoms also vary slightly.

Thus, the main causes of atopic dermatitis are allergic nature, and are a response to the presence of the contact or the use of certain substances - allergens .

Symptoms of atopic dermatitis

In most cases, the disease manifests itself during the first five years of life, with the peak falls on the first year. In a more adult atopic dermatitis symptoms may disappear or weaken, but in half of cases they remain throughout life. The disease may be associated with diseases such as asthma and allergies.

If atopic dermatitis in children manifests itself in the form of red scaly spots and bubbles, the adult skin thickens, cracks and peels. The most common symptoms in sensitive areas of the skin. Defeat exposed face, neck, armpits, elbow and popliteal fossa, groin. These areas may be affected again during exacerbations, but sometimes, as they grow older localization changes.

The acute stage of the disease is characterized by red spots . knots . peeling of the skin . Also, there are surface defects - erosion, soak peel, the skin looks puffy and swollen.

Chronic stage has other symptoms of atopic dermatitis, they are the result of itching and scratching. The skin thickens, enhanced skin pattern, painful cracks appear on the palms and soles. There hyperpigmentation age, they become darker in color, this is also a consequence of scratching. There is a symptom of "polished nails," owing to constant scratching of the skin on the nails disappear longitudinal striations, they acquire a distinctive look of polished nails.

Atopic dermatitis in children is marked by symptoms such as a Denier-Morgan folds . On the lower eyelids appear depth wrinkles, eyelids darken. May be present Hertog symptom of pseudo In which temporarily fade hair on the eyebrows, first in the outer third, and then completely. As children and adults occur degeneration of hair occipital region - symptom "fur hats" Hyperemia and infiltration of the soles, they are shelled and cracked, this symptom is called symptom "winter feet" .

Complications of atopic dermatitis

The most frequent complication of atopic dermatitis caused by the addition of secondary infections. This occurs by scratching the skin, which leads to disruption of its protective properties.

Damaged areas are affected by bacterial and fungal flora, as well as viral infections. Secondary infections complicating treatment of atopic dermatitis Causing new lesions, and negatively affecting the general condition of the patient.

Pyoderma That is, a bacterial infection, which is characterized by the appearance of pustules, gradually dry up and form crusts, ahead of other complications of atopic dermatitis in frequency of occurrence. The disease is accompanied by impaired general condition, fever, itching. The rash can be on the body and scalp.

It is also often a complication may be a viral infection caused by herpes simplex Herpes . The same virus that causes cold sores on the lips. On the skin, the liquid bubbles are formed, which are located not only around the affected area, but also on healthy skin. Often blisters appear on mucous membranes in the mouth, throat, conjunctivitis and genitals. If fungal infection affects the skin, nails, scalp, feet and hands. Children often have symptoms such complications thrush , Affects the mucous mouth. Cheesy plaque is often accompanied by redness and itching.

Prevention of atopic dermatitis

People with atopic dermatitis , We have to more carefully and closely related to their way of life, to devote more time to his home. The house should not be subject accumulating dust, as it major allergen. The room must be a minimum of carpets and upholstered furniture, all surfaces should be easy to wet cleaning, which is carried out as often as possible, but without washing chemicals. It is often ventilate the home by installing nets on the windows do not allow to penetrate the plant pollen into the house. As for bedding, they should be with synthetic fillers, unacceptable use of down and feather. In other words, for people who are prone to the disease, the prevention of atopic dermatitis is aimed at minimizing exposure to allergens.

Clothing should be easy to miss the air, for what would the skin can breathe. Clothes made of wool, nylon and polyester is not the best option, as it increases the itching and irritated skin. Do not use hot water when washing, only warm. After washing, the skin should be promakivat and not wipe it. Be sure to use cosmetics to moisturize and care for the skin. They must be neutral and must not contain dyes, perfumes and preservatives. That is further prevention of atopic dermatitis involves measures to prevent mechanical stimulation of damaged areas.

It is equally important for the prevention and early treatment of chronic diseases, receiving sosudoukreplyayuschee drugs and sedatives before important events. The diet should avoid allergenic foods, even in periods of remission.

Treatment of atopic dermatitis

General treatment of atopic dermatitis is based on the following principles: removal of the allergen . withdrawal symptoms . preventing complications . Appointed hypoallergenic diet and drug therapy. The diet excludes foods can cause an allergic reaction: citrus fruits, nuts, fish and fish products, poultry, chocolate, coffee, cocoa, smoked meat, vinegar, mustard, mayonnaise and other spices. It is also recommended to exclude from the diet - horseradish, radishes, tomatoes, eggplant, mushrooms, eggs, milk, strawberries, melon, pineapple, pastry, honey.

Drug treatment of atopic dermatitis include antihistamines relieve itching and preparations detoksatsionnymi means - erius . tavegil . suprastin . ketotifen . Claritin . feksadin . loratadine . telfast And assigned to cleanse enterosgel . Polyphepanum . Activated carbon . sodium thiosulfate .

It is mandatory to apply drugs with anti-inflammatory action. This may be corticosteroids - Elokim . lokoid . tselestoderm . akriderm . sinaflana . Diprosalik . belosalik And sedatives - glycine . Persen Various charges soothing herbs valerian , Peony, and others.

For external use as an antiseptic use such fukartsin, brilliant green, methylene blue. For the borrowing of general condition of the patient is assigned to a complex of vitamins and minerals recommended hardening.

In the event of the accession of secondary infections prescribers, depending on the type of pathogen. In addition, enzyme preparations prescribed in the human pancreas, and at eubiotics intestinal dysbiosis . In the acute stage soak use a damp-drying dressings, and corticosteroid sprays.

The most important condition, without which the treatment of atopic dermatitis can not be effective - no rubbing or combing skin. Like some other skin disease, he is accompanied by intolerable itching, which is very difficult to tolerate. Combing lesions, patients and cause acute complications of the disease, and thus all medicines will be useless.

If the symptoms of atopic dermatitis in you or your child have appeared only in the initial stages - that's no reason to self-medicate. Be sure to consult a dermatologist.

Complications of the disease can lead to serious infections. It is necessary to strictly follow the doctor's instructions, adhering to its recommendations in everyday life, the only way to avoid permanent exacerbations.