Simple but not simple

Simple - it is the smallest living creatures, surpassing in size and bacteria, and viruses. Some of them are safe for humans, while others can seriously complicate our lives

  Their "body" is just one cell, but it is an integral, though very small, the microorganism. They can move around using flagella, cilia and prolegs, and sometimes very moving purposefully as catching your "object" and running away from it, thus reminding tiny animals.

Some of them are completely harmless to humans, inhabit the oceans and fresh water, feeding on unicellular algae and bacteria. Others are not averse to profit, "for others", so often the perpetrators of serious and even life-threatening human diseases. According to experts, up to 90% of the world population is infected with protozoa. Such huge distribution they received because of the ability to live for years in the body of "owner", almost without causing any symptoms, and also due to the fact that getting into unfavorable conditions (lack of humidity, low temperatures), does not die, and form a "cyst" - the cell is rounded and covered with a protective hard shell. As such, the pathogen can survive for several weeks to several months, waiting for a new "owner".

Do not like to wash their hands? Then we go to you!

So, probably, would have said giardia, if he could speak. Indeed, doctors are often called giardiasis "disease of dirty hands". These protozoa are widely distributed around the globe. Giardia cysts are extremely stable, and tolerate low temperatures, and acid and alkali, and even bleach. Completely killed only with boiling water and heat-treated products, when heated above 50 degrees.

Very often, giardiasis in children. This is understandable: the kids are very fond of all to try "to the tooth" - toys, miscellaneous, grass, leaves, pop is not always clean fingers in his mouth, sit at the table without washing their hands, walking playing with earth and sand (and the parents, unfortunately, it is not always scrub the dirt from under the nails).

Giardiasis is especially dangerous for children with weakened immune systems. In addition to abdominal pain and diarrhea may increase the temperature and decreases the appetite, the child refuses milk and meat, but a lot of drinks. He grows thin, pale, he falls short in height and weight from their peers, also gets tired quickly, so the worst starts to learn. Often, a scourge join allergies, hives, dermatitis, adolescents enhanced acne.
Once ingested, Giardia settle in the upper sections of the intestine, mainly in the duodenum.

Giardiasis may occur a long time, literally for decades. If the "carrier" - an adult - with a sufficiently strong immunity, it often does not pay attention to the little pain in the stomach and duodenum, periodic nausea, belching, flatulence and withdraws it all on an easy gastritis.

Nevertheless, even in the absence of severe symptoms giardia cause significant harm to health. After all, for their reproduction and growth are taken from the gut a lot of nutrients, prevents the absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins A and D. Sometimes, these parasites do not give unpleasant sensations in the stomach and intestines, but are forced to suffer from frequent headaches and "chronic fatigue." But some of these symptoms without specific laboratory analysis can not be 100% but evidence of giardiasis.

Treatment is carried out only under medical supervision. Self-medication does not always lead to a complete deliverance from parasites, and the man remains a "carrier". While medication is not superfluous to observe the correct diet: you need to eat a lot of protein foods - meat, cheese, cheese, legumes (reproduction lamblia is active with a large number of carbohydrates).

Do not kiss the cat!

Toxoplasma - is also a single-celled parasite, they live in the body of a variety of birds and animals both wild and domestic. But the man only transmitted Toxoplasma cats. Cysts of excrement into the soil, and from there to the plants, the air and water are transferred to the various objects and they can persist for up to 1 year and longer. If the cat lives in the house, the owner and family members can become infected when cleaning the litter box if they do it without gloves.

Many doctors believe that the transmission of the pathogen occurs most often not from the cat, and while handling raw meat (beef, pork, poultry), especially pork, or the consumption of steak "blood" is not enough roasted kebabs. People, by nature of their work related to the raw meat (chef workers slaughterhouses, grocery stores) are at risk for toxoplasmosis.

When the parasite enters the human body the immune system immediately starts production of special protective antibodies. They block Toxoplasma and prevent them from spreading throughout the body. Quite often, toxoplasmosis were obliterated as banal easy SARS, sick and do not even realize that was infected. But with the weakening of immunity Toxoplasma can affect the nervous system, heart, blood vessels eye.

Trips to the "load"

Dysentery amoeba is most common in countries with hot climates. Tourists who go to a tropical country, it can get a "gift" if they do not pay enough attention to personal hygiene. And infected amoeba is simple - through contaminated water, food, unwashed hands. In water, the amoeba cysts persist for several months and die only when dry and effect of antiseptics containing chlorine. Flies and cockroaches on the table somewhere in a cafe or a diner not only spoil the appetite of its kind, these insects carry on their feet a lot of pathogens, including dysentery amoeba, and infect their products.

One form of amoeba lives in the gut lumen and does not cause any unpleasant symptoms. But under certain conditions (violation of exchange, vitamin deficiency, lowered immunity), the form goes into the other and cause serious illness. These amoeba destroys the wall of the colon, ulcers formed on it. Thus there is severe diarrhea, blood in the stool is present. Amoebiasis often becomes chronic. The man seemed recovered a few weeks, but then followed by a new outbreak of the disease, so can continue for many years.

Giardia

Giardia fall to the person from contaminated water or food, so it's important fruits and vegetables, just brought from the store or from the market, not to put next to the products that you do not cook or fry. In a refrigerator to store them, too, need to separately in special containers. Giardia can be transmitted, and bathing in ponds if water got into his mouth.

Toxoplasma

Be sure to wash your vegetables, berries, greens (Toxoplasma they can get from the soil), make regular wet cleaning of the apartment, cut up meat and poultry in rubber gloves. Treatment of toxoplasmosis is performed only under medical supervision.

Toxoplasmosis is the most dangerous for pregnant women. In early pregnancy it can cause miscarriage, the later - the birth of a child with congenital toxoplasmosis. Therefore, before pregnancy need to take a blood test. Detection of antibodies to Toxoplasma means that a woman has been ill and not be able to re-infected since produced a strong immunity to this infection.

Dysentery amoeba

As the disease symptoms similar to bacillary dysentery, so to clarify the diagnosis it is necessary to hand over analyzes. Treatment is carried out under the supervision of a physician with special antiparasitic agents, and then it takes a long observation.

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