March 9, 2012
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For comparison is sufficient to cite the following numbers: in four out of a hundred men and three out of a hundred women with malignancies diagnosed just this disease. Until a few decades ago, melanoma belonged to the age-related diseases, that is, appear in people aged 50 years. Today, the disease has become almost the most frequent among other malignancies in young women aged 25 to 35 years. Already, the disease came in second place on the dynamics of growth in mortality after Lung Cancer .
Theoretically, the treatment of melanoma may extend to a full recovery and be quite successful. However, such a development is possible only in the case of early detection of the disease at an early stage and appropriate therapy.
In fact that increase in incidence occurred just at the last decade, there is nothing surprising. Modern trends in fashion suggests that the fair sex to be tanned skin all year round. As a result, trips to the solarium, are commonplace. But this hobby can be very dangerous. At risk are especially those with first and second type of skin, i.e. blonde . red . freckled .
Types of melanoma
In the first case, when divided by the nature of the flow, isolated five species. We will list them in descending order of frequency of diagnosis.
1. Surface spreading melanoma detected in seven out of ten cases. Generally patients are women who have defeated extends horizontally. This species has a favorable prognosis for treatment.
2. Nodular melanoma It can affect both sexes equally. In contrast to the previous species growth is not level, and the thickness of the skin. This fact leads to the treatment complexity and hence leads to poor prognosis in most cases. Unfortunately, it was nodular melanoma is the second most common and is diagnosed in each of 6-7 patients.
3. Subungual melanoma (also known as acral lentiginous melanoma ). Despite the name, it can appear and spread rapidly, not only under the nail plate, but also on the fingertips and on, on one hand on the palm.
4. Malignant lentigo diagnosed according to various estimates from 5 to 10% of cases, the distribution between men and women about equally. This form is most often found in the elderly. Disease susceptible to pigment cells exposed skin, ie the Lyceum, neck, arms.
5. Amelanoticheskaya melanoma Starting from the name, has several uncharacteristic arrives. On damaged skin, first there is a small pink spot on which most often do not pay attention because of its similarity to the banal insect bite. Gradually, however, the bundle (papules) increases in size. This species is relatively rare in 7 cases out of 100.
The second classification includes the following types of melanoma, depending on the targeted tissue: retinal . mucous . soft tissue . Classification understandable and certainly does not require further explanation. Only add that in the mucous melanoma appears only 1 in 100, but it is susceptible to damage almost all mucous, from the mouth, genitals, and ending with the perianal region. A characteristic feature of the soft tissue is a complete lack of reference to the age, that is, among people can be both the elderly and young children.
Symptoms of melanoma
- A - Asymmetry . It implies that if we mentally divide emerged tumor in two, between them is not symmetry. This is due to the uneven growth of the affected area.
- B - Disorderly outlines . It is extremely rare to find melanoma clear geometric forms, so pay attention to the look of the border is stained.
- C - Color variations . Neoplasms, corresponding to the disease, is not monotonous. It contains at least the different colors and even different colors.
- D - Diameter . If you find yourself in a new spot on the skin, take a ruler and measure their diameter at the widest part. If it exceeds 6 mm, it is time to sound the alarm.
The above rule ABTSD is not all symptoms. Some patients in the early stages may feel itchy spots appeared on the site. If untreated, the later stages of the stain can cause pain, bleeding.
Next we will look at in more detail another rule that helps to identify melanoma, formed on the site of moles.
Diagnosis of melanoma - the method of FIGARO
As is known, most moles on the human body does not protrude from the surface of the skin. If Form moles is convex, then this should be alerted. Sometimes the bulge can be easy to identify, in other cases it is necessary to look at the side area of the skin to notice protrusion of moles on the skin.
Another bad sign - Change in a mole . If it starts to grow - it is worth paying attention to the expert.
We have already said that the hallmark of melanoma spots is their fuzzy geometry. The same applies to the birthmarks if The boundaries of moles not even, it could be considered one of the hallmarks of the disease melanocytes.
The following three features - Asymmetry . Size and Colouring We also noted, describing the symptoms of melanoma. Typically, during the disease spot shape is asymmetrical, it is easy to determine visually separating it into two parts. As for the size, here meant large value moles compared to conventional human. And the last thing to remember about FIGARO method It is that in melanoma stains almost never have a uniform color.
Of course, the method of FIGARO not entirely professional, it allows you to notice the dangerous changes in the skin. Then necessarily need to pass dermatoscopic test that using a special instrument specialist will be able to determine the nature of birthmarks.
In addition to this it may also be conducted histological examination, during which the mole excised with part of the surrounding skin. And the birthmark and medium fabrics, then separately subjected to microscopic analysis.
Reasons melanoma and factors contributing to its development
Although studies of this disease pigment cells are carried out continuously, scientists still can not identify the causes of melanoma unequivocal. Therefore, in the description of the disease is usually limited to those factors which can contribute to its development.
First of all, there is a group of people, which is inherently more prone to problems with the skin. This red-haired, fair-haired men and women with light and / or freckled skin.
It is proved that excessive dosage UV It contributes to disease development. Therefore too frequent trips to the solarium, which uses the spectrum of light can be dangerous to your health. Melanoma may appear in place of sunburn, and it can happen over the years since its inception.
To these factors the researchers also added heredity and age. In fairness it should be noted that although the risk of disease increases when crossing the age limit of 50 years and / or the presence of disease in the family, yet the determining factors to consider them as not worth it. We know many examples of destruction of melanocytes, and at a young age, and in those whose relatives had anything like this does not come across.
Preventing melanoma
Furthermore, it should minimize the influence of factors that may contribute to problems with the skin. If you certainly want to visit a solarium, then this is not common, and the residence time under the lamps need to strictly maintain.
If we are talking about Solar baths That we all love so much, here there are a few simple rules to be observed by both adults and children.
First, you need to choose the right time for the Sun: The best sun before 11 am and after 4 pm.
Second, special protect skin creams. You should not neglect it even if you could not get in the hot country, and you are left in the country in our latitudes. Please note that after applying the cream can not operate for more than 2 hours. After this time, the application procedure should be repeated.
Going sunbathing, do not use cosmetics. It modifies the heat exchange with the air of the skin, causing burns can be obtained.
And, of course, do not sleep in the open sun. Burns in this case is almost inevitable. Note also that some antibiotics may increase the susceptibility of the skin to ultraviolet rays. If you are undergoing medical treatment, ask your doctor or pharmacist about the properties of antibiotics that you are taking.
Complications of melanoma
Although melanoma is the defeat of the pigment cells, it can pass to other tissues or organs. This process is called metastasis .
Complications of melanoma occur gradually. First, it extends hematogenous route on the human body. Through blood vessels affected cells can get anywhere from the brain, the liver, or even finishing bones. Another may be spread by the lymphatic system. In this case fall jeopardize The lymph nodes .
Surprisingly, in spite of these complications of melanoma, which, in general, is known to many, is still very often found trying to treat melanoma alone. We strongly recommend that you do not cut the convex mole yourself, it does not tie up a thread and not to resort to other folk remedies until you consult with your doctor. Only a specialist after the relevant studies can determine the nature of education.
Treatment of Melanoma
All the methods of getting rid of the disease, in general, is associated with exposure to education. More often resorted to surgery During which a melanoma is removed. Excision is performed with a portion of the skin is not damaged in a radius of 1-1.5 centimeters, also captured the subcutaneous tissues, ie muscle and subcutaneous fat. Alternative treatment is a therapy of melanoma ( radiation or Immune ) Or destruction (laser or cryo).
Modern medicine has proved that it can successfully fight the disease such as melanoma. The main thing - time to see a doctor.
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