Encephalopathy

December 3, 2011

Related Articles:

• Price capsule Cerepro
• Tablets Vestibo
• Hydrocephalus
• Paresthesia

Tweet

Encephalopathy - A generic term for a type of non-inflammatory disease of the brain. Classification of diseases covered by this designation is quite wide: there are several types of encephalopathy, which differ according to the causes of disease. First of all, to distinguish between encephalopathy purchased   and perinatal Since the causes of damage to the brain of an adult and fetal gestation process are totally different. The emergence of perinatal encephalopathy provoking certain deviations in the last months of fetal development or already in the process of childbirth.

To prevent such trouble, pregnant women undergo regular screening, during which the doctor observes that there is enough oxygen supplied fruit, whether cord entanglement, and determine other features of development. Accordingly, measures are taken to prevent the disease. Perinatal encephalopathy in children is not necessarily evident immediately after birth. It is possible that some problems with memory or intellect will be marked later.

Causes of perinatal encephalopathy

Causes of perinatal encephalopathy in the fetus are many factors. Thus, the disease manifests itself in view of the chronic disease, which suffered a pregnant woman. Also, the cause may be transferred during the period pregnancy   acute diseases infectious nature , Poor diet, too young maternal age, disease hereditary, pathological pregnancy, problems arising during delivery, birth trauma. Also encephalopathy may occur in those infants whose mothers were living in unfavorable environmental conditions. The disease often occurs in premature infants. The most common brain damage in newborns are hypoxic-ischemic   and mixed CNS Arising out of a violation of oxygen to the brain of the fetus because of the above reasons.

Symptoms of perinatal encephalopathy

Perinatal encephalopathy in children may manifest certain syndromes during the first month of life. However, some experts convinced that such a disease can manifest itself later in the first year of life. Thus, the patient may show baby hypotension   or hypertension, muscle That is, a syndrome of motor disorders. As a rule, it is difficult to assess the condition of the newborn due to the presence physiological hyper . The next sign - high syndrome neuro-reflex excitability. For example, a child may be difficult to fall asleep, too active to behave, be sober, perhaps a manifestation shake limbs and chin. Another feature that can signal the presence of encephalopathy - syndrome of oppression CN FROM . Accordingly, in this state, the child is too sluggish and inhibited, but because of various muscle tone he sometimes observed asymmetry of the body and facial features. Such a bad kid pronounced sucking skills.

The most serious symptom is considered to be intracranial hypertension and . This symptom is dangerous to enter a hydrocephalus, a disease that is treated surgically exclusively. It is important to pay attention to matching the value fontanelle child's age and the size of the head. Another sign of encephalopathy - convulsions - rather difficult to recognize in children in the first year of life. After all, he can manifest not 'pure' seizures, and hiccups . regurgitation Too strong salivation . If you suspect that it is important to conduct more tests.

Diagnosis of perinatal encephalopathy

Diagnosis of the disease is carried out by examining the clinical data with all the features of pregnancy and childbirth. Using a series of additional research methods help to identify how serious brain damage, and what the nature of these lesions, as well as providing control over the course of the disease and the selection of the correct treatment of encephalopathy in children.

Through the use of neurosonography specialist examines the baby's brain. This study allows to evaluate the state of the brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid spaces. With neurosonography   intracranial lesions can be detected and to determine their nature. Due to the method Doppler   assesses the value of blood flow in the vessels of the brain.

Electroencephalogram performed to assess the functional activity of the brain. For this study for electrical brain potentials are recorded. This information allows you to draw conclusions about the extent of the delay in brain development, to determine the asymmetry of the hemispheres and the presence of foci of epileptic activity in certain brain regions. With the help of video monitoring spontaneous activity measured movements of the baby. For this recording is conducted. For the diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases of all sorts of uses electroneuromyography . Structural changes in the brain to help identify methods CT   and magnetic resonance imaging . However, these methods require the use of anesthesia, resulting in infancy their application difficult. With positron emission tomography   It determines how intensely extends tissue metabolism and blood flow to the brain is performed. Of all these methods of diagnosis of the disease is the most commonly used and neurosonography electroencephalography .

If a child is fixed pathology of the central nervous system, it is mandatory consultation and examination by ophthalmologist. It detects changes in the fundus, which helps to assess the level of intracranial pressure , To identify what is the condition of the optic nerve.

Treatment of encephalopathy

Treatment of perinatal encephalopathy type in its acute phase of the doctors immediately performed in the maternity hospital. If there is a need for further treatment of the newborn is transferred to appropriate medical facilities. During the therapy, used a number of drugs designed to improve blood flow to the brain. For newborn appointed aktovegin . vinpocetine . piracetam . During the recovery period, a children's neurologist should regularly monitor the patient. Depending on exactly what symptoms the child, it is assigned reception means anticonvulsant . diuretic   impact vitamin complexes   and other drugs.

In milder forms of increased neuro-reflex excitability and disturbances of motor activity encephalopathy treatment involves the use of pedagogical correction, physiotherapy exercises, physiotherapy techniques. Also, a child shall be appointed by baby massage sessions, courses Phytotherapy . During the treatment it is important to comply strictly with all the requirements of physicians.

Residual encephalopathy

Sometimes a child is diagnosed with " residual encephalopathy "Indicating the presence of brain damage, which has arisen as a result of previously transferred diseases. Residual encephalopathy manifests itself not only due to injuries of the brain, but also as a result of exposure to infection, inflammation, poor blood supply to the brain. In this case, the symptoms of encephalopathy can manifest itself in different ways. For example, a child may suffer constant headaches, as he is sometimes seen mental problems and even lower intelligence. In view of such manifestations are sometimes residual type of this disease take over certain mental disorders in a patient.

Complications Encephalopathy

With the right approach to the treatment of full recovery of about 20-30% of children. A consequence of the disease can be hydrocephalic syndrome . minimal brain dysfunction . vascular dystonia . The most severe complications of encephalopathy can be epilepsy , and cerebral palsy .

Acquired encephalopathy

This form of the disease is manifested even at an older age and become a consequence of a number of reasons, namely transferred Infectious diseases s . intoxication . tumor . injury . changes structure   and functional brain vessels . Such a form of encephalopathy can be divided into several types. So, posttraumatic   encephalopathy - a disease that occurs due to a variety of traumatic brain injury. Encephalopathy this type primarily affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. As a result, a person may experience lapses of memory, reduced intellectual ability, problems with the control of behavior. Also this disease is accompanied by dizziness , Headache, trouble sleeping and distracted attention. If symptoms of encephalopathy appear even after a certain time after the injury, the patient may suffer from mental disorders, depression, aggression be periodic, face problems of an intimate nature.

Encephalopathy , Also known as vascular, this destruction of brain tissue, which appears due to circulatory disorders. The reason for this form of the disease often high intracranial pressure . hypertension . atherosclerosis . osteochondrosis of the cervical spine . vasoneurosis .

The term in the international classification of diseases defined as cerebral ischemia . In this type of disease in the human brain are destructive processes, affecting only certain centers of the brain. But after a certain length of time, the centers become more extensive, so that the patient is more pronounced symptoms of encephalopathy. This diagnosis is quite widespread among the population: according to experts, such a form of encephalopathy have 5-7% of the people. At the same time the main cause of such infringement becomes poor blood supply to the brain. In most cases, the disease occurs in people who experience constant stress, alcohol abuse, a lot of smoke.

Toxic encephalopathy   - It is the result of acute or chronic poisoning by different poisons the brain. Such toxic substances may be formed directly in humans or enter the brain from its external environment. The first option is possible with the development of a number of infectious processes - Diphtheria . Measles . Botulism . Tetanus . In these diseases stand bacterial toxins, poisons the brain later. Also, these toxins are released during the systematic use of alcohol, certain medications, and a number of chemical compounds. If acute intoxication, the man needed emergency care specialists, as a result of strong poisoning possible seizures and even relapsing patient in a coma. Under the influence of the brain of the patient to ionizing radiation is determined Radiation encephalopathy .

Degenerative processes in the brain tissue may develop as a result of a number of endocrine disorders. It hypothyroidism . diabetes . renal dysfunction . liver . pancreas . As the first symptoms of this disease manifest sizeable decrease in mental activity, memory impairment, sleep problems, high fatigue, improper display of the functions of hearing and vision. Often, the patient has symptoms of a mental disorder. In the acute phase of the disease can occur convulsions of the body, very strong headache, vomiting, nausea, impaired consciousness.

Treatment of acquired encephalopathy

Treatment of encephalopathy should be carried out only with a professional approach in view of the seriousness of the disease. On the basis of a comprehensive survey specialist assigns the optimal treatment regimen. As a rule, used symptomatic therapy and massage, regular exercise of complex physiotherapy, following a certain diet. Treatment is prescribed solely based on the individual characteristics of each patient.