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Vomiting - A common occurrence in the life of a child. Moreover, the younger the child, the more he may suffer from recurrent vomiting. The child vomiting may occur due to a variety of reasons. At the same time parents need to understand that it is not taken into account as an important symptom is impossible. In some cases, to determine why the baby manifested vomiting may be the nature of vomit. Yet in most cases of vomiting in a child shows that he urgently needed medical care.
The mechanism of vomiting
Vomiting is a sharp gastric emptying, the contents of which erupts through the mouth. Vomiting in children, as, indeed, and in adults, due to the action begins vomiting center, which is located in the medulla oblongata person. Vomiting center is able to be excited as a result of receipt of pulses from the stomach, liver, intestines, uterus, kidney, vestibular person. Also, it may affect the irritation of the nerve centers. A striking example - the beginning of vomiting if the person feels an unpleasant odor. In addition, the excitation of the vomiting center may occur due to the action of drugs, toxic substances.
Before manifests itself vomiting, develops nausea, breathing becomes ragged and rapid increases salivation.
Directly vomiting mechanism is as follows: initially a person falls diaphragm, the glottis is closed (thanks to vomit do not get into the respiratory tract of the child), there is a spasm of the lower part of the stomach, at the same time it relaxes the upper section. Due to the rapid contraction of the abdominal muscles and diaphragm stomach contents discarded, and vomiting occurs.
Causes of vomiting
Vomiting in children can develop due to many different reasons. It can provoke infectious diseases, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, surgical diseases, diseases of the central nervous system, teething infants and others. Depending on what the cause of it provoked vomiting, it may appear once and many times, to be scanty and plentiful. Also, vomiting may occur after certain time periods. So-called atsetonemicheskaya vomiting manifested due to excessive accumulation of acetone bodies in the body of the child.
Before you assist, you need to determine the cause of vomiting. This will help make the study of the nature of vomit. It is important to present it digested or undigested food, whether there is a mass of blood, bile, mucus.
By zhesleduet it understands what happens to the child - manifests vomiting or regurgitation. Typically, the baby regurgitation occurs without straining stomach. This phenomenon - the result of the fact that the stomach is full of food or air. In this case, any remedy for vomiting children is not effective.
The main danger is that the mechanisms in infants may be deficient. As a result, a high risk of getting vomit in the respiratory tract of the baby. However, as children get older, this mechanism is improved, and children 3 years he has worked more smoothly.
The children of the first years of life vomiting occurs more often in acute infections, as well as food poisoning. In older children, vomiting is often a result of pathologies of the digestive tract . diseases of the central nervous system . disorders of mental and emotional nature .
If the body of the child develops an infectious process is accompanied by severe nausea, vomiting, fever, weakness and diarrhea . Severe vomiting can accompany viral hepatitis .
Surgical diseases of the abdominal cavity - another reason for vomiting while on the background pain, constipation, diarrhea and other symptoms. So, vomiting symptoms are often observed in the appendicitis . divetikulite . bowel obstruction . cholecystitis and other diseases. Establishing the diagnosis, the doctor will certainly interested in the features of vomit and vomiting immediately appoint additional research.
Vomiting in children without fever may indicate the development of diseases of the central nervous system. This symptom is manifested in increased intracranial pressure . inflammation of the meninges . epilepsy . migraine and other diseases. Night vomiting sometimes testifies brain tumors .
Features vomiting in a child
Treatment of vomiting in children at home can be carried out only if there is no danger signs, indicating the severity of the disease. Pay particular attention should treat vomiting while parents of infants. So, the baby vomiting should alert parents if the masses have spewed blood impurities or brown blotches. Alarming symptom - frequent vomiting in a child who appears more than 4 times for 2 hours. In this case, immediate treatment is needed because the body very quickly dehydrated baby. In addition, you should immediately contact a doctor if your baby vomiting body temperature rises, there is severe lethargy or semi-conscious or unconscious state. Only a specialist can tell what to do in this case, to determine the causes of vomiting and prescribe treatment. It should immediately call a doctor and vomiting while after the fall of the baby, head injury, in the absence of the chair. Severe abdominal pain - another alarming sign. If the child is over 2 years, it can itself be said about it parents. For the younger children the pain syndrome is defined by the characteristic behavior. All these symptoms require immediate control of the child specialist. Therefore, we must immediately call the " ambulance ".
Before the arrival of emergency in any case can not leave the baby unattended. If it is seen vomiting in a child without a fever, before the arrival of the doctor should not take any action. A child should rinse the mouth after a bout of vomiting. When it comes to babies, then it is possible to wash your mouth with boiled water, using a 20-cc syringe. This will help avoid irritation.
In the event of a sharp increase in body temperature before the arrival of the doctor the child can wipe with a damp towel. Wet wiping can be practiced if there is a temperature of 39 degrees and above. Great weakness in a child provokes vomiting no appetite, so feed your baby, who is suffering from vomiting, is not necessary.
Why seen vomiting in infants?
Vomiting in infants in the first days of life, tend to occur if the infant swallowed a lot of amniotic fluid. At this time, the child usually remains under the supervision of doctors in the hospital. If vomiting occurs shortly after birth, and thus marked breathing disorders and periodic suffocation , It may be signs choanal atresia (severe narrowing of the nasal passages or imperforate). Vomiting in newborns is sometimes a sign of congenital obstruction of the esophagus.
If the first few days after birth he has the vomiting, to which the mixed bile, green, faeces, the doctor may suspect intestinal obstruction and intestinal damage due to sepsis, infectious lesions, intestinal immaturity.
In addition to these causes of vomiting in infants can occur in disorders of the cardiac sphincter of the stomach, abnormal development of the pyloric part of the stomach, with CNS lesions. It is also the cause of vomiting can be the immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract, lack of rational feeding and others.
However, parents should be aware that the single vomiting in infants is not necessarily a symptom of a serious disease. Infant who has just snatched need little hold vertically, and after some time to feed.
As a rule, single vomiting in a newborn or infant is breast-feeding after. Therefore, after the meal is recommended to hold a little baby in a vertical position.
Psychogenic vomiting
We should also highlight the occurrence of vomiting under the influence of psychogenic factors. Vomiting, a child may be the result of intense fear, anger, anxiety. In addition, as the causes of psychogenic vomiting disease defined mental component anorexia and bulimia . Doctors also determine the so-called demonstrative vomiting Which is a result of the child's desire to draw attention to his own person. Vomiting in infants and older child is possible in the case of force-feeding. In this case, the contents of the stomach may erupt fountain after feeding. The temperature is not increased, the overall condition of the child remains normal. While parents should pay attention to this symptom and be sure to rule out other causes of vomiting in infants. What to do in such a frequently recurring episodes of vomiting, explain in detail the pediatrician.
Sometimes psychogenic vomiting appears cyclically in the form of attacks, in this case there are other character vegetative disorders. In this case, parents should be sure to take your child to the doctor-neurologist. When single parents have to follow vomiting expectant management, to ensure the child rest and drinking plenty of fluids. He should drink small portions.
Atsetonemichesky syndrome
Sometimes repeated vomiting is a result of the development of the baby atsetonemicheskogo crisis . This state is characterized by the accumulation of a large amount of acetone and acetoacetic acid in the blood of a child. This syndrome occurs in children with serious illnesses. In addition, there are cases of primary atsetonemicheskogo syndrome. In this way the body responds to pain, especially food, strong emotions. When atsetonemicheskom Stroke marked cramping abdominal pain, nausea, increased body temperature. In urine, vomit, and the air that breathes the sick child, the smell of acetone.
Such symptoms - an occasion to refer to the pediatrician. The child does not need to give any food for 6-8 hours. The baby should drink often, at intervals of 15 minutes. It is recommended to drink alkaline mineral water, a decoction of dried fruit. If a child refuses to drink, the fluid is injected him with a syringe or pipette. When atsetonemicheskom Stroke rate of drink - 100 ml of liquid per 1 kg of body weight.
First aid for vomiting
Parents should be sure to follow so that vomit does not fall into the child's airway. When the baby began vomiting during feeding, it should be stopped for two hours. To prevent vomit from entering the respiratory tract of the child, it is necessary to turn it on its side and keep the semi-erect, or take it on your hands and keep upright.
Prior to joining pediatrician child should drink fluids in small portions. At the same time it is impossible to wash out the stomach yourself, give your child medication.
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