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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - A disease that develops in women with the condition are too intensive development of the male sex hormone - Androgen . Because of such an active androgen production egg remain follicles . In turn, there is a transformation in follicular cysts.
Current statistics show that polycystic ovary syndrome is most often seen in girls that joined the puberty . However, the disease can occur in women of any age. In later life - the period menstrual pause - Manifested so-called secondary polycystic ovaries As a consequence of chronic gynecological diseases. The disease must be properly treated because it can threaten the health of the woman. In addition, the formation of multiple cysts on the ovaries greatly reduces a woman's ability to conceive and childbearing. Yet after a correct and timely treatment of the disease and eliminate problems such patient can carry and give birth to a healthy baby.
Causes
Polycystic ovaries - A consequence of hormonal imbalance in women. The cysts are formed due to a too high level of development androgens and lowering production progesterone . Some experts expressed the theory that the cause of this failure is a hormonal interaction between hypothalamus and ovaries . There is also evidence that the manifestation of this disease affects the hereditary factor. That is, the higher chances of getting observed in those women who have a family history of cases of polycystic ovary syndrome. Therefore, if you have this disease have relatives in the female line the woman should undergo regular medical examination.
The symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome
With the development of polycystic ovary syndrome women under the influence endocrine imbalance It violated not only the structure but also the function of the ovaries. In the tissues of the ovaries develop cysts, which look like small bubbles with the liquid inside. Such cysts - is modified egg That are ripe, but ovulation did not happen. Consequently, there is an increase of the ovaries, and appear on the surface of hillocks. Thus there is a failure of the menstrual cycle. And in some cases, menstruation may stop completely.
In most cases, cider polycystic ovary begins to develop in young women. Most often polycystic ovaries occur in parallel with the first menstruation . onset of sexual activity . strong and sudden weight gain . pregnancy . For quite a long period, the woman may not be aware that she develops this disease, as visible symptoms of polycystic ovary absent. One of the main manifestations in this case considered irregular periods . Menstruation may occur occasionally, rarely, and eventually stop completely. In this case, a woman diagnosed infertility due to lack of ovulation, which occurs when the output of mature egg. Infertility is a consequence of chronic anovulation , Diagnosed polycystic ovary about a third of women. In addition, patients may displayed periodically dysfunctional uterine bleeding .
There are also a number of other symptoms of the disease, but their appearance is not the case for all women. In this case, we are talking about pilosis strong body . intensive hair loss on the head . breast reduction . acne and blackheads . Also, in women who suffer from polycystic ovary syndrome, frequently observed the emergence of excess weight . There is even a statistic that shows that approximately 30-60% of women who have polycystic ovary diagnosed to suffer from obesity . When overweight women may be detected more rapidly and other symptoms. In addition, when viewed from a gynecologist in some women with polycystic ovary syndrome is observed hypertrophied clitoris .
Complications of the disease
Earlier treatment of polycystic ovary practiced exclusively in women of reproductive age who have the desire to become pregnant. But to date, treatment of the disease is considered mandatory for all women who have been diagnosed with polycystic ovaries, as this disease can cause a number of unpleasant complications. Thus, due to the overall hormonal imbalance in the body's blood longer period occurs too high content Estrogen . As a result, the patient increases the risk of endometrial cancer and Breast Cancer . In addition, due to the absence of menstruation significantly thicker endometrium, which also provokes the development of cancer pathology in young women.
Women with polycystic ovaries have a high resistance to own Insulin . This increases the amount of insulin produced by the pancreas. As a result, there are several possible types of complications. In particular, the pancreas may lose its ability to produce insulin, resulting in the development of Diabetes . Because of the high levels of insulin can activate the production of androgens. Also, due to the excessively high insulin levels reduces the amount of " useful "Cholesterol. A woman grows arterial pressure and increased risk of symptoms atherosclerosis , Cardiovascular disease development in the future. Also, a complication of the disease often becomes obesity.
Diagnosis of the syndrome
Unfortunately, the doctors most women suffering from polycystic ovaries, to seek help of a doctor only when it becomes obvious infertility . It polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the most common causes of infertility in women. Therefore, modern doctors insist that women who have celebrated irregular menstrual cycles or monthly non-existent , Be sure to pass examinations in order to avoid the development of polycystic ovaries. It is particularly important to eliminate disease if women show other signs of polycystic ovaries.
In the process of diagnosis must be conducted an internal survey . To determine the condition of the ovaries, a woman is assigned to conduct an internal ultrasound scan. To do this, the vagina entered a special sensor. The main criterion for the diagnosis of this method is the presence of more than 8 follicular cysts, the diameter of which is less 10 mm . Also, when the disease is determined endometrial hyperplasia . Sometimes it is also required further study, for which the patient is assigned klaporoskopiya . The abdominal wall puncture is made, through which an optical instrument introduced into the abdominal cavity. With this instrument the doctor inspects the ovaries. Furthermore, appointed by urine and blood samples, as the results of these tests allow us to determine the excess or deficiency of hormones.
To confirm or refute the diagnosis, the excess is taken into account estrogen . Androgen . luteinizing hormone As well as lack of follicle stimulating hormone . Also, the analysis of patient susceptibility to glucose, which allows to determine the activity of its own insulin. Furthermore, in polycystic ovary high incidence Cholesterol and triglycerides . Thus, the diagnosis " polycystic ovary syndrome "Is set in the case of the presence of two of the three attributes: anovulation (female infertility) . signs of polycystic ovary Identified by ultrasound, hyperandrogenism , Confirmed by laboratory tests.
Pregnancy at disease
Women of childbearing age are often concerned about the question of whether the combined polycystic ovary syndrome and pregnancy. In this case, it is important to bear in mind that the chances to conceive a child dramatically increased in women receiving adequate and proper treatment, since the conception in the polycystic ovary prevents only lack of ovulation . So in this case is very important regular intake of drugs that are prescribed by a doctor.
Treatment of the disease
Proper treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome is not only to medical procedures and medication. It is important also to make procedures for the general improvement of women. If the doctor and the patient provide the correct and timely approach to therapy, the chance to heal the disease is high enough. If the androgens in the patient's blood is reduced, it is a restoration of the menstrual cycle and disappear some symptoms of the disease.
For the treatment of polycystic ovary apply a variety of drugs, the appointment of which must take into account the nature of hormonal disorders and the presence of a woman hypertension and Diabetes . But in most cases, women with polycystic ovaries shown welcome combined oral contraceptives . In the absence of the effect of these drugs the doctor decides on the appointment of drugs that restore a woman's ability to reproduce. These drugs stimulate the process of developing follicle stimulating hormone , Which determines the start of the process of ovulation.
When elevated levels of insulin is appropriate administration of drugs that make the process more efficient utilization of glucose. But until today, some experts point out that the effect of these drugs on the fetus are not fully elucidated. Doctors say that the conservative methods are effective in about 50% of cases. If a strong increase in the size of the ovaries and the presence of a large number of cysts may conduct patient surgery . To restore fertility, often conducted endoscopic surgery Since they allow to minimize the recovery period. Often surgery for resection of cysts is carried out using a laser. Moreover, when practiced polycystic ovary ovarian wedge resection . decapsulation ovaries . demedullektomiya . electropuncture and other methods. In the course of such interventions is destroyed or removed part of the ovary that produces androgens. The result is restoration of normal communication between the ovaries and the central agencies. Operative treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome has a high efficiency compared with medical therapy. After surgery, recovery observed in the menstrual cycle 95% of patients And at a 80% is eliminated infertility .
Conducting of treatments recommended for women who have marked strong hairiness and overweight . In this case, it is very important to stick to an active lifestyle, get regular moderate exercise and a diet that is prescribed to patients with diabetes. Dietary should be low calorie (no more 2000 kilokallory day ) If a woman is suffering from severe obesity, then apply additional treatments aimed at fighting overweight . Bringing have a normal body mass index often helps to normalize and menstrual function , get rid of excessive body hair . But if body hair is still a serious cosmetic defect, the hair is removed by using special creams, depilatory wax and other methods to help eliminate unwanted hair. All of these methods allow you to obtain a temporary effect. Using the electrolysis You can get rid of unwanted hair forever. In the absence of the effect of the above-described methods of treatment in some cases, holding practiced in vitro fertilization.
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