May 18, 2013
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Arthroplasty in modern medicine is considered to be the most effective way to restore the capabilities of limbs, which for some reason had been lost. Very often, this method is only possible to eliminate the effects of injury or other damage.
Prosthetic joints practiced if conservative therapy does not give a positive result, and at the same time the person concerned severe pain in the joints that occurs in each movement. As a consequence, constant pain may even disturb the mental balance of the patient.
Arthroplasty - Is the process of replacing the damaged joint with an artificial implant. With it, the doctor simulates own joint rights. In modern medicine, setting implants is a guarantee that a person after surgery 20-30 years can operate normally and fully move.
An important argument for the patients is the fact that the recovery from hip replacement occurs relatively quickly. So, on the second day after the operation shows the relative activity of the person, on the fifth day it can be discharged from hospital. At the end of the rehabilitation period, which lasts about 1-2 months, the person is completely back to normal.
If, after many years of the life of an artificial joint needs to be replaced, this can be done with a second operation. Available as a replacement knee and hip replacement. Moreover, implants can be replaced ankle joints, as well as the small joints of the feet. The operation to replace the knee joint, as well as intervention to re-establish other implants carried out after a thorough diagnosis and a corresponding output doctor.
Indications
Hip replacement is practiced in many diseases that lead to the defeat of the joint. First of all, they are different forms of arthrosis of the hip 3 stage (dysplastic, idiopathic, posttraumatic). The prosthetic hip joint is also influenced by coxarthrosis 2 stage, but only if the patient has strong walking disturbances. Pain in the case concerned person even while standing, motion in the joint is limited. Hip Prosthesis set at femoral neck fracture Which leads to disruption of blood flow of the femoral head, with tumors of the head and neck of the femur . ankylosing spondylitis . rheumatoid arthritis and monoartrit . Often hip prosthesis is the best option for people who have had fractures of the acetabulum, as well as other injuries.
Knee replacement is indicated for post-traumatic and idiopathic arthrosis knee ( gonarthrosis ) Of the third stage, with gonatroze the second stage of severe violations of people walking and pain when standing or walking. Total knee replacement in patients with set evil (varus or valgus) set the end . monoartrit . rheumatoid arthritis . ankylosing spondylitis . Prosthetic knee significantly improves the condition of the patient when the consequences of a number of injuries.
Contraindications
The total joint replacement can not be performed in patients who have marked inflammatory disease triggered by the action of specific and nonspecific microorganisms. Also, dentures are not carried out at bony ankylosis knee, in step active tuberculosis In the presence of effects of the infected osteosynthesis . osteomyelitis . The doctor is required to determine whether the patient's general contraindications for surgery.
Features of operation
Modern implants made from different materials that have high processability. This steel, titanium, ceramics and others. The classification of endoprostheses of the joints is carried out according to the type of fixation. It implants cemented cementless fixation, as well as combined versions.
Usually, cementless prostheses replaced much easier than dentures cemented. Therefore, they prefer to set the people a relatively young age - 65 years.
Arthroplasty It plans only doctor who will carry out the operation. Before hip replacement or other joint is performed preoperative examination and inspection. Depending on what kind of clinic patients prefer can vary somewhat necessary examinations. But it is obligatory to pass all standard laboratory tests, consult a physician, to reorganize the centers of a chronic infection, which is in the body.
Typically, the patient determines what clinic to carry out such an operation, after studying the reviews of a particular medical institution. The choice of institution is also affected by the transaction price. However, the cost depends on several factors: what kind of a joint prosthesis is necessary, whether there was a total prosthesis, whether made in the rehabilitation clinic and others.
Operation proceeds directly from 1 to 2 hours. Choosing anesthesia provided depending on the complexity of the operation. During the surgery, the patient loses from 200 ml to 1 liter of blood, so roughly a fifth of the patients are blood transfusion .
Hip replacement
Hip replacement - A precise surgical procedure which is carried out at a number of manipulation aimed at to restore joint mobility and eliminate pain. Initially, the doctor advises the patient and the clinic he chooses optimally suitable prosthesis based on a number of factors (illness, injury characteristics, the age of the patient and others.). In the course of inspection and analysis must always determine whether there are no contraindications to surgery. The patient is prescribed conduct X-ray examination, the results of which provide an opportunity to see how worn out the joint, as well as carry out the desired measurement. Also during the consultation the patient can find out how much such an operation as a whole, as well as to ask the doctor, what complications can occur, whether in the future, is conducted by the prosthesis, etc.
Implantation of the hip joint in the normal course of operations carried out for about two hours. During intervention, if necessary compensated blood loss, wound drains, to prevent the accumulation of blood.
An important step is the period of recovery after surgery. At this time, the patient is administered antibiotics, analgesics, and symptomatic therapy. To operate on the leg constantly kept in position between the legs lay a special roller.
Get up in bed can be the first day after surgery. On the second day the doctor recommends has to sit down and begin static exercises to train the muscles of the limbs. Korma addition, Course LFK It includes a number of breathing exercises. Start walking with crutches can be on the third day after surgery. Suture removal is carried out for about 10 days.
Patients who made Hip Replacement , Discharged from the hospital about 10 days after surgery. After joint replacement at home it is mandatory to implement all the recommendations of the doctor. If the recovery is somehow deviates from the norm, a patient who underwent surgery for a hip replacement, may be defined in a special rehabilitation center, which will monitor the process of rehabilitation specialists. Reviews indicate that such centers people recovering from prosthetics more intensively.
However, within about two months should drastically reduce the load on the operated leg. In these weeks is to use extra support when walking. If all the recommendations of rehabilitation after hip replacement lasts no longer than a specified period of time.
Total Knee Arthroplasty
Total Knee Arthroplasty It allows you to restore all the functions of the limb using a prosthetic bearing surfaces of the knee joint. Such replacement may be both partial and complete. Practiced total arthroplasty (replacement goes all the articular surfaces) and unicompartmental arthroplasty (prosthetic set one half of the joint). Depending on the level determined by the cost of such an operation. Also, the price is set in view of the material from which the prosthesis is made.
First of all, an expert conducts a preliminary consultation, which are defined and discussed with the patient all the important points. The patient can learn not only about how much is such a procedure, but also any possible complications after the intervention, how long recovery, and whether he faces a disability in the future. Informative method is to carry out X-ray examination.
The operation can take up to two hours. At full joint arthroplasty replaced biocompatible prostheses, which in future will provide the natural movement of the joint.
In the process of rehabilitation after surgery, the patient is assigned to a course of exercise therapy. When it is to perform specific exercises after surgery, tell the attending physician. For the first time after the intervention the patient may experience swelling of the joint, pain. Later, these symptoms disappear completely. Taking a shower is possible on the second day after prosthetics.
After a successful operation and subsequent rehabilitation process of the patient is completely gets rid of the pain in the knee joint, can normally move the limb and lead a full life.
Complications after surgery
Depending on whether the place of complications after surgery, determined by the duration of the rehabilitation period. After the operation to establish the hip complications occur relatively seldom. Approximately 2% of patients develop an infection of the hip joint. But more often as complication marked the appearance of blood clots in the veins of the legs and pelvis.
Features rehabilitation
A very important point during recovery is physiotherapy. Its application makes it possible to prevent the toe joints, strengthen muscles and to submit the patient all the necessary information regarding the subsequent life with an artificial joint. The convergence of the joints is due to the appearance of scar tissue near the prosthesis, which eventually may limit the motion of the joint.
Physiotherapist required to explain in person what positions can damage the joint, the kind of load on the prosthesis can be avoided. The specialist will also determine the whole complex of physical therapy in the recovery period.
At home, the operated patient must necessarily carry out all the recommendations received. It is important to ensure that the skin in the area of the replaced joint dry and clean. When infected wounds should immediately seek medical help. Also alarming symptom in the recovery period is the increase in body temperature. A small swelling may persist in the joint on which the operation is conducted, for several months. Sometimes it is recommended several times a day to apply cold to the point of swelling and keep it for about 20 minutes.
It is important to remember that when a sharp pain in the chest and shortness of breath you need to see a doctor, as this may be signs of thrombus . To prevent this, sometimes the patient is assigned to receive anticoagulation. It is also recommended to take vitamin complexes, the inclusion in the diet of foods rich in iron. Foods that contain a lot of Vitamin K It should be avoided. This is the liver, onions, cabbage, green beans. Limit the amount of alcohol needed and coffee. It is also important to see to it that did not dramatically increase the weight of the patient.
After establishing the prosthetic knee should avoid sitting in a low chair, do not cross your knees, do not sit in one position for more than an hour. In keeping with all the rules, the person comes back to normal life after about 2 months.
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