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Cervical dysplasia - A form of pre-cancer of the uterus, which occurs at the moment particularly frequently. Under dysplasia means the presence of the mucosa of the cervix and vagina with diverse origin.
With the development of dysplasia manifest irregularities in the structure of the surface layer of cells of the cervix. Depending on the stage of dysplasia are changes not only in the surface layers, but deeper. Sometimes referred to as dysplasia cervical erosion However, most experts are inclined to think that the term can not fully disclose what was going process. Because erosion occurs when tissue damage, which is mechanical in nature, and cervical dysplasia involves damage the structure of cell tissues. That is, when not only the developing dysplasia of cells showing signs of atypia, and lesion tissue happens complex as a whole.
Causes symptoms of cervical dysplasia
Approximately 95% of cases develop dysplasia in cervical transformation site. It is noted in this transition zone into a flat columnar epithelium. Under the influence of mechanical or physical character in this place developed dysplasia.
There are several factors that determine the development of the disease in women. In particular, cervical dysplasia develops in the background vaginitis . vaginosis . vaginitis . Moreover, the cause is often a dysplasia ectopia and cervical erosion . leukoplakia of the vulva . The disease is often diagnosed as a consequence Immunodeficiency patients AIDS . diseases, sexually transmitted diseases .
Very often, epithelial dysplasia occurs against a background of defeat mucosal epithelium human papilloma virus . Under the influence of the virus occurs proliferation of cells of the basal and parabasal layer. Infected cells gradually grow and move into the upper layers of the epithelium in which the virus multiplies. As a result, virus attack provokes dysplasia.
Experts identify other factors affecting the development of dysplasia: early onset of sexual activity and early childbirth (under 16 years); frequent sex with non-regular partners; neglect of contraceptive methods, particularly the use of condoms; numerous abortion or childbirth. A higher risk of developing dysplasia exists in women who smoke, as under the influence of tobacco smoke appears hypoxia. As a consequence, local immunity much worse, and the risk of microtrauma epithelium is significantly increased. An extended period of use of combined oral contraceptives also can cause cervical dysplasia.
Also, as the factors that influence the onset and progression of the disease, it should be noted some deficiency vitamins (A, C, β-carotene), poor quality of life, the presence of certain genetic predisposition to the disease.
The manifestation of hormonal dysfunction of any etiology may be another reason for the development of this disease.
Types of cervical dysplasia
Establishing a diagnosis, experts use a classification of dysplasia, which determines the degree of damage to the stratified squamous epithelium of the cervix.
If the patient is determined cervical dysplasia 1 degree , In this case the impressed third column epithelium. Hence, this degree is considered mild. This stage of dysplasia are sometimes combined with swelling and vacuolation of cells of the intermediate layer.
If the patient is struck from 1/3 to 2/3 of the thickness of the lining, in the present case is diagnosed cervical dysplasia grade 2 . This is a medium impact. In this case violated the polarity arrangement of the epithelium.
If the patient revealed the defeat of the entire thickness of the epithelium, it is determined cervical dysplasia grade 3 Which is a severe disease. Thus there is no division in the flat stratified epithelium layers, there is a marked cellular and nuclear atypia.
Symptoms of cervical dysplasia
Typically, marked clinical signs of the development of cervical dysplasia does not occur. However, in severe running grade dysplasia woman may experience periodic abdominal pain. In addition, sometimes it can cause discharge bloody nature in minor amounts.
Approximately 10% of women have hidden the disease. But most of all to join dysplasia microbial infections. In this case the patient is already showing signs that are typical of other diseases: a noticeable change in consistency and character of discharge, pain, burning, itching.
Diagnosis of cervical dysplasia
In the absence of severe symptoms in the diagnosis of cervical dysplasia particularly important application of clinical, instrumental and laboratory studies to assess the cellular structure of the cervical epithelium. The feasibility of using a particular method in each individual case is determined by the attending physician.
During the survey, the following methods: biopsy cervical, simple and extended colposcopy, endocervical curettage (the procedure is to carry out curettage endocervix).
Also applied to the sample with acetic acid, the study for the presence of genital infections, determination of the immune status.
If during colposcopy detected epithelial areas, which are likely to develop dysplasia, then made a biopsy and subsequent histological examination. This method makes it possible to accurately determine the severity of the disease.
Treatment of cervical dysplasia
Sometimes the treatment of cervical dysplasia generally not practiced. The need for specific methods determined by the attending specialist care, while being guided by a number of factors. In nulliparous women young age sometimes the disease runs its own, provided that it is a mild or moderate dysplasia form of gravity. At the same time subject to the following conditions: age of the patient does not exceed 20 years, there are only point defeat, the pathological process has not affected the cervical canal, no viral infection in the body. But even in the absence of treatment in this case is shown constant supervision by a doctor and research every few months.
In the appointment of treatment dysplasia necessarily involve two areas: the removal of the site affected by the disease, and the subsequent rehabilitation treatment. It is important to take into account the extent of the disease, the woman's age, the presence of parity and other risk factors.
To choose the right method to remove an atypical area, a doctor must necessarily take into account all the individual characteristics of the patient's state of health. The fact that certain types of surgery can provoke serious complications in the future. This can be scarring of the cervix . infertility . violations of the menstrual cycle . disorders of pregnancy .
The procedure of chemical coagulation is most often used when a woman is diagnosed true erosion, and thus the defeat of a relatively shallow and neobshirnye. For cauterization procedures also apply techniques using electricity. This procedure is fast, but after her uterus may remain scars.
Often used in the treatment of dysplasia and cryoablation methods kriokonizatsii consisting in freezing the affected areas through the use of liquid nitrogen. However, in the case of severe dysplasia and malignancy manifestations freeze does not apply. The disadvantages of this technique is considered to be impossible to accurately adjust the depth of freezing, as well as too long display of discharge after the procedure.
Cauterization of tissue also produced using a laser. Operations using laser allow you to accurately influence the areas that suffered defeat. But it is quite painful intervention to the same after a few days you may experience bleeding .
Excision by cold-knife cone biopsy is currently used very often, because this method is fraught with the emergence of a number of complications: high trauma, severe bleeding. Provided diagnosis first stage of cancer woman appointed amputation of the cervix.
It is important to take into account some features of the treatment of dysplasia. The operation should preferably at the beginning of the menstrual cycle, as it is the time tissue repair is most active. Basically, during operation, local anesthesia is used. General anesthesia It applies only in certain cases.
Postoperatively women notice about the appearance of secretions during the month. In the first week there is also pain in the abdomen. During the recovery period after surgery, a woman is forbidden to lift heavy loads, use of tampons, douching conduct, sexual activity. Sedative medications drugs during this time may also be used, but they are administered individually.
After about three months after surgery it is important to pass the Pap smear to check the effectiveness of the procedure. Typically, the restoration of the epithelium occurs after 6-10 weeks. During the first year after the operation inspection of the epithelium should be performed at least once in three or four months.
As a restorative treatment, it is important to undergo a course of reception of preparations containing Vitamins A . E . C . AT 6 . AT 12 . bioflavonoids . β-carotene . folic acid and other trace elements. In the process of research it was awarded a direct link between the lack of certain vitamins in the body of a woman and a manifestation of cervical dysplasia. Multivitamin Complex tools are also used for the prevention of manifestations of dysplasia. In the recovery period the power of the patient should also include those products which contain a maximum of these vitamins and elements. It is also recommended to use every day green tea, which has a positive impact on the recovery of the epithelium.
In the appointment of treatment the doctor must take into account the nature of diseases associated dysplasia. Prior to treatment by surgery comes a mandatory reorganization to eliminate inflammation, if any.
Recommended as some traditional methods used for the treatment of cervical dysplasia. Effective treatment with tampons with propolis and butter. For their preparation should melt 200 g of butter and 10 g of previously ground propolis. Boil this mixture you need to protyazhenii15 minutes over medium heat. Thereafter, the liquid is filtered through several layers of cheesecloth. The tampon impregnated with this mixture and injected into the vagina for about half an hour. Ointment should be stored in a cool place, and the procedures are carried out with tampons during a month.
Also for the treatment of dysplasia can be prepared pads with aloe and honey. To this mix equal portions of fresh aloe juice and honey mixture impregnated tampon, which is inserted into the vagina overnight. The course of treatment - two weeks.
For daily irrigation, which should take place in the morning and evening, using an infusion of green tea and calendula. To prepare it, you need to take one tablespoon of calendula flowers and dry green tea, pour a mixture of boiling water and infuse for a few hours. Douching is held for one month.
It is important to always remember that cervical disease Whose treatment is not carried out in time, may eventually go into a malignant form. Therefore, you should take time to check-ups and take all measures to cure the disease.
To date, the use of the correct approach to the treatment of the disease provides the cure and prevention of dysplasia of its transformation into a malignant form.
Prevention of cervical dysplasia
Cervical dysplasia can occur not only in the women who belong to the risk groups described above. Women who have already had sexual intercourse, must strictly adhere to the terms checkups at the gynecologist.
Mandatory measure of prevention for every woman should be the correct approach to the organization of daily meals: in particular, the need to constantly eat food rich in beneficial trace elements.
An important preventive measure is the complete abandonment of tobacco, whose connection with the development of dysplasia clearly proved by scientists. It is important to observe the rules of sexual hygiene, use barrier konratseptivy And ensure timely treatment of all diseases of the genitourinary system.
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