Aphonia

May 20, 2014

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The Voice - One of the most important tools for verbal communication between people. Therefore, loss of voice is a serious problem for the person because this can not be fully able to exchange information between people.

How does the loss of voice?

Aphonia   - The state when fully disappears sonority. Consequently, says the man in this case, can only whisper. In medicine, a complete or partial loss of voice are called Athos. Depending on what the reason there was a loss of voice is determined true . functional . paralytic . spasmodic . hysterical aphonia .

Determined full   and Partial   loss of voice. When partial loss of human worries hoarseness . hoarseness . With the full - a person is able to publish only sounds like a whisper.

The human voice playback directly involved vocal cords Located above the trachea. This mucosal folds, which are located in the larynx. During vibration of the vocal cords produces sound. To fully elaborated sound, the vocal cords should not be inflamed or irritated.

Loss of voice may be accompanied by cough, painful sensations in the larynx and throat, tickling, feeling the presence of a lump in the throat. If an infectious disease is often marked as dry cough, fever, general weakness.

Very often, patients present with a cold voice loss. A person may initially observe that he has a sore throat, loss of voice, and there then after some time. Gol pain and loss of voice - these are symptoms of a number of diseases of the upper respiratory tract. However, the most frequently observed laryngitis   and loss of voice.

If a person can not speak loudly and loudly, then we are talking about hoarseness . This symptom is most often seen in diseases of the larynx and is manifested as a result of damage or irritation of the vocal cords. If you do not practice the treatment and not to take drugs in the loss of voice, the condition may worsen. As a consequence, there is a sore throat, cough, loss of voice.

However, any means of voice loss can only be used after the patient is set correct diagnosis. You can not take the tablets independently from the loss of voice, and the voices practicing loss treatment folk remedies.

Why manifested loss of voice?

For subsequent hoarseness and loss of voice can cause all sorts of reasons. Nevertheless, most often the cause of hoarseness and loss of the opportunity to speak is inflammation of the vocal cords result of viral infection. There is also a loss of voice cites a number of other reasons, such as bacterial infections, overexertion of the vocal cords, the effect of stimuli, a number of common diseases.

Sometimes the loss of voice is the result of so-called "teachers of laryngitis." This strong overstrain of vocal cords, which is often seen in people whose profession involves constant use of loud voices. It singers, teachers, speakers and others. As a rule, due to the surge of such person loses the ability to speak loudly, and can communicate only in a whisper.

Hoarseness and loss of opportunity to speak - a symptom Acute   or chronic laryngitis . Acute laryngitis is a consequence of a viral infection. In this state it is crucial to contact a specialist, as a complication of acute laryngitis may subsequently be stenosis of the larynx . A very dangerous form of acute laryngitis for young children.

Chronic laryngitis develops as a consequence of recurring acute form of the disease. There is also a chronic laryngitis can cause inflammation of the sinuses, pharynx, and others. As a rule, a chronic form of the disease's voice does not disappear completely, but becomes hoarse, low, husky. Thus the general well-being can be quite satisfactory.

In some cases, the voice may be lost on the background of severe stress, severe emotional distress and turmoil, certain neurological disorders.

In addition to these relatively common reasons for the loss of opportunity to talk normally may be associated with the development of benign and malignant tumors of the larynx, disease Thyroid , Breathing problems.

Loss of voice is sometimes associated with the development Heart Failure . sexually transmitted diseases . TB . This symptom is sometimes a consequence of abuse addictions, in particular, the influence of the state of the vocal cords malicious smoking.

How to overcome the loss of voice?

How to treat loss of voice, and what it means to be used for this purpose, it is necessary to ask the doctor. Proper and effective treatment of head loss is only possible after the final diagnosis and determine the cause of which has led to the appearance of this symptom. After that the complex treatment of the underlying disease.

If a person can not speak normally as a result of viral infections and, accordingly, acute laryngitis, then he may be given medical treatment loss of voice. Doctor prescribes a spray having softening components in the composition: kameton . bioparoks   and others. It is also appointed by the local anti-inflammatory drugs. Often the condition makes it possible to improve the special breathing exercises, physical therapy.

If there is no pain in the throat, then rinse, most likely, will not be effective treatment.

It is very important during the treatment period, as well as the subsequent recovery period to eliminate any bad habits. Do not smoke, drink alcohol, as this will only aggravate the problem.

It should be carefully observed calm voice - try not to strain the vocal cords do not speak very loudly, in any case, do not shout or sing. Also need to talk as little as possible.

The doctors strongly advised during treatment hoarseness or loss of voice output from the diet any sharp, acidic and very hot food and drinks. Some people mistakenly believe that the opportunity to return to a normal conversation helps hot tea with lemon or milk. In fact, and a hot drink, and citric acid affect the vocal cords annoyingly, so in the end the person can get an extra burn the mucous membrane.

Practice some Traditional methods of treatment That effectively and rapidly restore the ability to speak normally. Such methods include primarily inhalation. However, to make such procedures without the prior approval of the doctor is not desirable. For inhalation should prepare a decoction of herbs (a mixture of lime, chamomile and eucalyptus or some other broths of each plant). Once the broth is boiled, it is necessary to bend over a saucepan, cover with a towel and breathe the vapors for 10-15 minutes.

Inhalation is also carried out with the use of aromatic oils of cedar, basil, eucalyptus, lavender. A few drops of oil to dissolve in a pan of boiling water and then carry out similar to inhalation.

There are also several popular recipes that are practiced to restore the voice singers, presenters, speakers. But doctors emphasize that such funds - it is only a helper method to the basic treatment. Besides some recipes are not for everyone.

You can prepare a solution of the two egg whites, two teaspoons of sugar and 50 grams of cognac. Thoroughly whipped solution drink before going to bed, with each sip of his need to drink warm water.

Another useful drink - dairy: Peach "cocktail" . To prepare it, you need to pour the pulp of figs with milk and a little heated. This warm mixture should be taken several times a day.

To restore the voice in folk medicine is also used infusion of horseradish . To make it a small piece of horseradish (about the size of a walnut) finely chopped and filled a third cup of boiling water. The mixture was infused for 20 minutes, then it is necessary to add one teaspoon of sugar. During the day the infusion is necessary to take 1 teaspoon per hour.

With the loss of votes will be useful heat: around the neck at night need to wrap a scarf made of natural wool, and wool socks to wear foot. It is desirable not to strain the vocal cords, that is not to say.

If a person feels that manifested hoarseness, hoarseness, better to immediately cancel all the events associated with the use of loud voices, as inflamed ligament is very easy to disable permanently and seriously aggravate the condition.

Physicians are advised to ensure that all barriers that prevent breathing through the nose, were eliminated. People who are forced to breathe through the mouth due to a deviated septum, the presence of adenoids   et al., frequently suffer from hoarseness, manifested under the influence of dry and cold air.

An important measure to prevent changes in the voice is not smoking, because tobacco smoke irritates the throat and dries the mucous membrane. Nor should abuse drinks that contain caffeine, as they contribute to dehydration, which in turn leads to drying of the vocal cords.

Dryness in the throat and provoke some medicines. If the treatment of any disease patient noted a side effect, he should consult a doctor and try to find a replacement for such a drug. The most common side effect is observed in the treatment with antihistamines and medications for thyroid and increased by blood pressure .

It should not be a long period of time in places where a lot of dust, smoke, or if there are any other stimuli.

Development of the first year of life

July 6, 2013

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The development of the baby to a year   It is an important step in his life. At that time, my mother, and all the relatives should always be as attentive to the child. Indeed, in this period it is important to keep an eye not only in order not to miss abnormalities in his health, but also to create conditions for the proper development of the baby's psyche.

What you need to know my mother?

A very important point is to carry out a thorough examination of the child by all experts, which my mother tells local pediatrician. This examination should be concerned, first of all, parents. It is not always possible to determine the presence of a number of irregularities in the functioning of the nervous system of the child immediately after birth due to the presence of inhibitory processes in the neonatal period. Just determining further physical development of the child up to a year, we can determine the existence of such violations. If we define the disease at once, they can be cured at an early age, and in the future development of the child, who will turn 1 year very soon, will proceed without disturbance. At the same time, ignoring these problems can lead to the fact that in the process of growing condition baby may seriously worsen. Therefore, the physical development of children under one year need to pay close attention.

Ideally, a child under one year preventive check-ups are necessary every month. But even if the mother shows the child's doctors rarely, it needs to monitor his health and clearly mark any violations.

Child development by months

To determine whether there is abnormality, it is important to know exactly how the development of the child up to a year by months. So, at the end of the first month of life the baby can turn the head to the sound, look, he gradually begins to smile.

The second month of life - the time when the child begins to actively move: he sucks his fist, learns to keep the toy in his hand, raise and lower a hand. Besides, he gradually begins to learn to keep the head and more actively smiling.

The physiological development of the child in the third month comes intense. A child at this age have to learn to roll over on his side from the back, and vice versa. Lying on his stomach, the baby raises her head. He also holds a good toy in his hand.

Psychomotor development of the child up to a year and is actively continuing in the fourth month of life. Now he is more fluent flips, grabs the hands of all that he finds. During this period, the child gradually learns to distinguish between people close to him from others. In the fifth month, the baby becomes more mobile and constantly pulls in his mouth all the toys. Monthly development activated for six months, when many children are already trying to sit or crawl slowly begin. Right now, the child becomes more "talkative" - ​​it already publishes Bole clear sounds and pronouncing certain syllables.

In the first seven months of the baby gradually begins to learn to sit in a lying position, and sometimes tries to stand up, holding on to the crib bumpers. But frequent attempts to walk closer to the time the child is 1 year old. Toys at this age kids already carefully considered, long held in the hands. At this age, the baby reacts to the loved ones. In the eighth month of the child actively gesticulating: it can clap her hands, waving a pen.

9 months - a period when the baby may begin to try to go as he creeps already very active and brisk. In his "language" appear intonation similar to the ones he hears from adults. The last three months of the first year - a period when the baby very willingly explores the world that surrounds him. Right now the baby makes the very first faltering steps, it produces new sounds.

The mental development of the child

Despite the fact that the calendar year prior to the child's development describes in detail what the baby should be able to at a certain month of life, parents should be aware that certain deviations from such a "schedule" is quite acceptable. For example, many kids start trying to go even after they turn 1 year. But to hear the first words and phrases of the child's parents may not even after a year, and close to two years. But it is important to understand that certain results in the child's development can be achieved through massage, charging, simple, but very important for the baby's developing games.

If mom and dad noticed that the year-old child develops a strong late, and there are some deviations from the norm, the education of the child up to a year should be aimed at active development.

In the first year of life, mental development of the child is determined by a number of spheres. This development of perception, motor skills, speech, emotions and subtle hand movements. A very important point is also physical development, as any deviation from the norm can seriously affect the overall condition of the child.

During the first twelve months of life, the child grows by about half, by weight, and it is doubled. In order to ensure the free movement month old baby swaddle is not as tight swaddling may slow as the motor and mental development. Sleeves in raspashonkah sew not worth it, because the kid has to actively move his fingers and pick up toys.

To determine that the perception of the baby is developing normally, you can by what he learned to fix his eyes on a certain subject, turn his head to where sounds are heard. In the third month the baby should be able to monitor a subject that moves. After the fourth month, the child needs new experience, since most physicians are inclined to believe that in the uniform medium kid develops more slowly. It is worth every day to go for long walks, show your child new items.

The emotional development of the baby first year of life also occurs at a rapid pace. If his first emotion was just crying, movements without coordination and redness after the first month of life, the infant learns to smile and respond to his mother and other relatives. If the slope of the child, it shows the so-called " complex revitalization "- Focus on the face, hands and feet movements and sounds. After six months, the baby more actively interested in everything that surrounds it, and clearly responds to what is happening around him.

Gradually, the baby begins to understand the words that he said to the adults. But initially he distinguishes those voices that are familiar to him, he learns to understand the emotional richness of speech addressed to him. Initially, the baby moves his mouth, coo, imitates sounds vokaliziruet. If you follow the speech development of the child and help him, then very soon will be spoken sounds more diverse. Toward year-old age of the child, some mothers are starting to worry that the baby language development lags behind the norm. Pediatricians advise as much as possible to communicate with the baby, telling him what you're doing, what's going on around him. Such communication helps the child to memorize the words and will learn how to pronounce them. By the year child should learn some simple words and perform the unpretentious requests that the adult reinforces even "talking" gesture.

Child psychologists are advised to start talking with your child even when he is in the womb. With the newborn need to speak almost constantly, but it is important to do it correctly, pronouncing words clearly. With very little need to talk with strong emotions. But, talking to children who are over six months, it is advisable to use full simple sentences and clearly articulate, looking straight at the kid. As long as the child does not associate itself with the concept of "I" is to call him in the third person, using the name. Mom must always pay attention to the kid that he sees around him. It is especially important to do this while walking, when a child, new impressions. It is necessary to tell him about what's going on to describe what he sees.

It is also useful for the speech development of a child to tell or read poems, jokes. And closer to the year, the kid can learn, and with his first book, which will be bright and great illustrations. However, the need to ensure that the book is not turned after a while torn. Experts advise to give the baby the old magazines, so that he could express his desire to tear the paper. Then the books will remain intact.

Psychologists strongly recommend that moms and dads kiss, hug the baby, smile at him and not be afraid that such affection may be too much. After all, early childhood development, surrounded by love and attention from day one, is much more intense.

However, the early development of children up to a year and involves accustoming the child to discipline. During this period, naughty or crying baby you need to switch, distracting from what is happening in the other activity. Gradually, young children should be taught the value and the word "can not." Mom should act consistently and still be firm. However, do not try to deny your child too many things, is to determine for themselves a few main points and to try to bring their child. But it should be noted that the features of the first year of a baby is such that it makes no sense to punish.

Sensor development

Sensor development - Another important point in the cognitive development of the child .  Fine motor hand the baby is determined by the ability to grab things and hold them in their hands .  Grasping is the first purposeful action, defining its objective thinking .  Toward year-old age the child already knows how to imitate adults, playing items .  His movements are more aware, and this is evidence of the practical manifestations of thought .  Early development of up to a year may include massage fingers and hands, which are advised to practice around the age of three .  Palms and feet massage mom can hold their own .  First you need to pat them gently, then turn to bend the fingers on the hands, compress them and decompress cam .  The well-known game "magpie-crow" - a great exercise for the development of fine motor skills .  Later, with the growth of the child, and he will be happy to tell jokes about the magpie-crow, making yourself exercise for fingers .  There are many poems under which you need to show action, which is an excellent exercise for the fingers, hands, feet .  It is necessary to pick up a few of these poems and read them regularly baby, showing what to do .  In addition, together with the child can write tales of fingers and hold a mini theater .  Most kids just loved these games .

Methods of motility toddler 11-12 months include games with pyramids, inserts, fun, involving the fingers of the child, and others. With the help of these exercises can be carried out effective training of fine finger movements. By the way, with a small hand movements associated development of a child's speech.

Determine how promptly the child develops, you can use the tests for which the mother with the baby on request may visit any center of early development. Yet in most cases to assess speech development and other parameters of the early development of the baby mom can simply watching the child.

It is important to realize that all recommendations on early childhood development is really easy to put into practice. All the exercises, massage, games fit harmoniously into the general rules for the care of the baby. If the mother will always remember that first year of her baby is crucial in many aspects of life, his cognitive development will take an active and harmonious. Another crucial factor - the constant care and affection from loved ones. If a child is loved, cared for, and he feels that his mother and close friends are always there, the development of the baby is likely to be correct and timely.

Cooking food at home is bad for health?

December 16, 2014

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Traditionally, people believe that home-made food and, consequently, the habit of cooking at home instead of buying ready-made food, it is more useful. Nevertheless, even in this matter is not really all so clearly. According to the researchers, who work at the University of Rush (United States), very often foodies who cook at home, so passionate about the process of improving the food that is added to a wide variety of food sauces and other ingredients that are harmful to human health.

Experts recently conducted a detailed analysis of the information relating to about 3 thousand women. Taken into consideration data about how much time the ladies spent to prepare meals, as well as details about the state of their organisms. Be particularly careful to scientists interested in the development of Metabolic syndrome , So that a person increases the probability of vascular disease, heart, diabetes. Signs of metabolic syndrome is obesity As well as a high level of cholesterol .

It was found that the most common symptoms of the metabolic syndrome were found in women who spend a lot of time to cook a meal at home kitchen. Scientists note that the preparation of meals at home people often use excessive amounts of oil, fat and salt. Besides triggered a psychological factor: spending a lot of time and effort to prepare lunch or dinner, people have a certain way considers itself obliged to eat everything to the last crumb. In the process of cooking the mistress, of course, constantly trying the food, which also contributes to weight gain.

According to experts, the most optimal method of supply - is to buy ready-made dishes made from high-quality and healthy products. It is desirable to choose the dishes that are sold in batches, which will prevent the possibility of overeating.

We should not forget that in the human diet should have no place large amounts of salt. According to experts from the Welsh Centre of preventive, epidemiological and clinical studies, if products with a high content of salt appear on the table of the consumer too often, the risk of his headaches increased by 30%.

Doctors say that the use of a day more than 8 grams of salt it can adversely affect the condition of the body, in particular, to provoke a manifestation headaches . In addition, salty foods leads to increased   Blood Pressure . A can worsen kidney function in the presence of a daily diet is greater than 4, 7 grams of salt. Therefore, experts strongly advised to review their habits in favor of healthy food.

Dysphoria

September 18, 2013

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The term " dysphoria "Comes from the Greek word that is translated as" suffer, suffer ". It is a manifestation of a person depressed mood, which is painful. Dysphoria is the antonym of the term euphoria .

How does dysphoria?

Dysphoria symptoms appear in humans depressed mood, marked gloom, a demonstration of hostility to those who surround him. When dysphoria is observed motor and mental retardation. However, a person easily enters a state of aggression, his affective outbreaks occur.

In some cases, dysphoria is one of the symptoms of a depressive syndrome, which is defined as dysphoric depression .

Elderly patients manifest symptoms of dysphoria frequent feelings of anxiety, depression. At the same time young people this condition is expressed irritability meticulously. Sometimes a person demonstrates excessive sarcasm, irony, a lot of offense and grumbles. In severe dysphoria possible violent outbursts of aggression and anger, a sense of hopelessness and despair.

A person who develops dysphoria may feel frustrated in life, to lose interest in everything that happens around him. Sometimes this state leads to the development of alcoholism and drug use. There is also an increased risk of suicide.

In some cases, it may seem that there is an infringement of the patient's emotional state as a result of physical illness or because of certain situations that occur in life. However, the evaluation of the frequency of symptoms of dysphoria and the frequency of its development indicate pathological manifestations of this symptom.

If dysphoria seen against the background of systemic diseases, a person becomes moody, picky trifles, irritable. Sometimes the person says a manifestation of his attacks of causeless melancholy state of anger on others. In addition to these symptoms in a patient can be diagnosed various dysfunctions autonomic .

In rare cases, symptoms appear dysphoria apathy a mild euphoria. Most often, these symptoms have occurred in patients who take large doses of adrenal hormones. Sometimes light displays dysphoria may initially consider the characteristic features of the person.

Symptoms of dysphoria often seen in person a few days, sometimes they last a few weeks. Such manifestations disappear suddenly.

Why manifest dysphoria?

Dysphoric depression   sometimes it manifested as a result of ordinary human diseases. This can be flu . thyrotoxicosis . rheumatism and etc.

Sometimes the causes dysphoria - a abstinence symptom   drug addicts. In addition, dysphoria observed in some diseases of the mental nature. Sometimes epilepsy dysphoria is a precursor to an attack, and can also occur after an epileptic seizure.

In addition to these diseases causes dysphoria may be as follows: a reaction to severe stress, certain varieties personality disorders . anxiety disorder . hypoglycemia . This symptom is typical for people who suffer insomnia , Some sexual disorders, chronic pain, hyperthyroidism.

Premenstrual dysphoria   develops from women suffering premenstrual syndrome . For this disorder is characterized by depressed mood, feeling of mental and physical discomfort, tearfulness, insomnia, pain in the body, depression, and others. The woman feels tired, depressed and remains depressed, with difficulty focusing. This condition develops in about 5 days prior to menstruation and disappears after the onset of menses. Therefore, the symptoms are cyclical. Premenstrual dysphoria diagnosed only if the symptoms exhibited significantly violate the woman's condition and affect the quality of her life.

Gender dysphoria It characterized by dissatisfaction on the part of their male or female gender status due to unexplained reasons. Gender dysphoria can be seen even from the parents of a child who exhibits unusual for its gender interests. But clearly identify the presence of the disease can only be a specialist. Gender dysphoria in the absence of such a correction leads to a state of constant stress, which can later develop into a neurosis. Sometimes a person who is suffering from the symptoms of gender dysphoria, drink alcohol and drugs to escape from unpleasant thoughts.

It should not be regarded as identical concepts of gender dysphoria and homosexuality. If a homosexual is not willing to change their own sex, the person suffering from gender dysphoria, gender did not initially satisfied.

How to get rid of dysphoria?

Treatment dysphoria initially provides comprehensive diagnostics. The doctor must take into account as proceeds dysphoria, which features state of the observed patient. If his condition resembles epileptic dysphoria, the therapy involves the use of anti-epileptic drugs, barbiturates. Sometimes apply combined treatment dysphoria when used antipsychotic and anticonvulsant therapy.

If the patient shows explosions of aggression and irritability, he is required to be appointed sedatives. Depressed patient is a prerequisite for the appointment of an antidepressant imipramine . When treating dysphoria practiced psychotherapy.

Treatment of severe premenstrual dysphoria involves taking oral contraceptives with progesterone , Lithium preparations. Sometimes it is advisable to antidepressant medications or tranquilizers.

If there is a suspicion of gender dysphoria in the patient, the initial psychiatric examination is conducted. Next, the doctor arranges individual treatment of the patient. However, in some severe cases, practiced sex-change operation.

Thirst

July 16, 2013

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Thirst   - A phenomenon that is evidence of the need to replenish the water in the body. Thirst occurs in healthy people after heavy physical exertion in extreme heat, after eating very spicy and salty food. However, if the feeling of being thirsty, not leaving permanently, such a symptom can be quite serious and indicate the development serious illnesses .

How does the thirst?

When a person feels thirst irresistible desire to drink fluids. Thirst - it is one of the basic biological motivations, which ensures normal functioning of the body. The feeling of thirst helps to maintain the equilibrium between the content in the body of water and salts.

The main manifestation is a strong thirst dry mouth and throat, which can be explained reduced secretion of saliva due to shortage of water in your body. In this case, we are talking about true thirst . Sometimes the same symptoms develop after eating very dry food, after a long conversation, smoking. It false thirst , Which can be eliminated, only the mouth moistening. If we are talking about true thirst, then just a little moisture softens but does not eliminate the desire to drink.

To prevent the occurrence of thirst, it is necessary to timely replenish body fluids. To this should know how to calculate the need for water. Today it is assumed that the daily water requirement for a healthy adult equals approximately 30-40 g per 1 kg of weight. Applying this rule, you can easily calculate what the body's need for water a day for a person with a certain weight. However, making such calculations, be sure to take into account that the human need for water affects a number of other factors. If a person sweats often due to an active lifestyle, it will need more liquid. Another factor that influences the occurrence of thirst, it is the air temperature. On hot days or too hot in the room you need to drink a lot more. Fluid loss increase stressful situations . some diseases . pregnancy   and breast-feeding . Physicians say that in the form of drinking water normally consumed daily person needs about 1, 2 liter of liquid. Another portion of the water is ingested with various food.

Why there is a thirst?

Why thirsty, it explained very simply. Thirst occurs because the human body loses moisture regularly. Moisture is lost as in the physical, and mental stress. Thirst can also prevailed in the sense of strong excitation. But if it is a constant thirst, the man feels the desire to drink all the time, and, how much liquid he drank before, it does not matter. Abnormal thirst called polydipsia .

In medicine it is determined by a number of reasons that determine the appearance of a human constant thirst. First of all, many would like to drink if lacking in the body of moisture or salt. This phenomenon may be the result of severe vomiting . diarrhea   and etc.

Most often, the human body does not have enough fluid on hot days. When the human body receives too little water in order to avoid dehydration of the body begins to operate in retaining moisture. It dries the skin, dry mucous membranes, the eyes sink. Urination becomes very rare, because the body tries to retain moisture. Therefore, at high temperatures, diarrhea, vomiting, excessive sweating need to drink plenty of fluids. When restoring the water balance in the body craving disappears.

Thirst can be triggered by eating too much alcohol . salty foods . caffeinated food . Most women want to drink plenty of water when pregnancy Especially in the warm season. Thirst also raises a number of drugs. May want to drink at the reception diuretics . antibiotics tetracycline . lithium . phenothiazines .

Sometimes a person does not understand why I want to drink a lot. In this case, we can talk about the development of some serious diseases.

Unrestrained lust often may indicate the development of a person Diabetes . Pay particular attention to this symptom should take the baby's parents. If the child wants to drink often, and he observed profuse and frequent urination , This may indicate the beginning of diabetes. In this case, there is a thirst due to the fact that there is a violation of the hormonal balance in the body, which, in turn, entails a violation of water-salt metabolism.

Constant sensation of thirst can testify about the extended functions parathyroid glands . In this disease the person complaining and other symptoms - there is a weakness in the muscles, there is weight loss, severe fatigue. Provided urine white as its colors calcium, washed out of the bones.

In most cases, thirst accompanies renal disease - glomerulonephritis . pyelonephritis . hydronephrosis   and others. With the defeat of the kidneys can not keep the body the required amount of water in view of the need for fluid increases significantly. In this case, thirst may be accompanied by swelling, as the amount of urine output decreases.

It happens that thirst is a consequence of neurosurgery   or injury to the brain . This can lead to the development of diabetes insipidus . Despite the fact that a person drinks a lot of fluids during the day, thirst is not quenched.

The resulting nerves thirst often develops in stressful situations . In most cases, such a phenomenon is typical for women. Besides thirst at the female in this state are often observed tearfulness, irritability, and vagaries, the woman always want to drink and sleep.

Another important cause of constant thirst in humans may be drug addiction . This point should be taken into account parents, observing the behavior of their children if they are frequently and severely thirsty.

In addition to the above diseases constant thirst may indicate hyperglycemia . liver . infections . burns . If you thirst for heart diseases due to the fact that the heart can not provide the necessary level of blood supply.

How to overcome the thirst?

If a person is very thirsty all the time, then, first of all, care should be taken to rule out the existence of serious diseases. Determine the reason why often thirsty, you can after the high-quality and comprehensive diagnostics. Therefore, in cases of suspected development Diabetes   and other diseases, which may be accompanied by a strong craving, definitely need to visit the doctor and tell him in detail about the symptoms. Primarily, it is desirable to obtain consultation endocrinologist . The specialist will appoint the general and biochemical studies. The presence of elevated levels of sugar in the blood indicates the development of diabetes. But if you have diabetes or other serious diseases are detected at an early stage, to prevent serious consequences can be much easier.

At diabetes   patients prescribed those medicines which reduce blood sugar levels. If strict compliance with treatment regimens can reduce the unpleasant symptoms and avoid the appearance of constant thirst.

But if exasperated thirst for no apparent reason, it is necessary to review some habits. First of all, do not quench thirst Carbonated soft drinks . beer , Other alcoholic beverages . Mineral water   - Also not the best way to quench your thirst, because it contains large amounts of salt.

The diet should be less than canned . smoked . fatty   and too salty foods . It is particularly important to adhere to this rule on hot days. During the summer, vegetables, fruits, food, steamed, will help to avoid the constant desire to drink. It is undesirable to quench their thirst with cold water, because the body is much better assimilate water at room temperature. Very good thirst quencher on hot days chilled unsweetened tea . decoction of mint . raspberries   and other berries or herbs. You can also add to the water a little lemon juice.

If you provoke thirst medicines , It is necessary to inform your doctor, who may appoint substitutes such preparations or to change the treatment regimen.

If lust is a consequence of stress, do not constantly drink plenty of water. Suffice it to periodically wet the lips, rinse your mouth with water. Overcome stress, because of which there is a desire to drink herbal medicines can help - Tincture motherwort . valerian .

Dysphonia

December 4, 2013

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Dysphonia   - A condition in which a person is disturbed voice quality.

How does dysphonia?

Dysphonia in children and adults manifested voice changes. He becomes husky, nasal, hoarse. This voice is present, but in a modified form. If he is completely lost, then we are talking about aphonia .

A person who suffers from dysphonia, may change the timbre of the voice, its tone. Dysphonia in children is often accompanied by the appearance of stridor - Rough loud sound that occurs when the air passes through the throat narrowing during exhalation and breath.

Given the nature of this symptom is determined by several forms of dysphonia.

Organic dysphonia It is seen in people suffering from inflammatory diseases of the larynx. Functional dysphonia - A condition that occurs in the absence of inflammatory processes in the area of ​​the larynx.

In turn, the functional form dysphonia is subdivided into several different types. With hypotonic dysphonia   decreased muscle tone of the vocal folds, so that they are closed completely. As a result, the patient is marked hoarseness, fatigue. Gipertonusnaya dysphonia It is diagnosed if the muscle tone of the vocal folds increases. In this case, besides hoarseness have pain in the throat, larynx, neck. Also released Hypo-gipertonusnaya dysphonia At which decreases muscle tone of the vocal folds, while the tone of the vestibular folds of the larynx. As a result, the patient a marked dry and choked voice.

In children and adolescents celebrated mutational dysphonia . Typically, this symptom occurs in boys during puberty and active is characterized by unstable tone of voice. In adolescents, an abrupt transition from high to low tones.

Spasmodic dysphonia   - A consequence of too intensive work the muscles of the larynx and respiratory muscles. At the same time a man's voice becomes strained or almost unnaturally silent. These manifestations can be interleaved.

Typically, organic dysphonia is a short-term, whereas the functional dysphonia has a long duration.

Why appears dysphonia?

Causes of dysphonia in children may be innate: it defect larynx In which marked abnormal development of cartilage of the larynx. As a result, morphological features are the fact that the child has constantly shown a noisy breath. Congenital anomalies can also be larynx associated with the formation of vascular tumors - angiomas . Sometimes the causes of dysphonia in children is also associated with impaired development of the vocal folds. If we are talking about congenital dysphonia Associated with dysfunction of the vocal folds, the dysphonia symptoms may be similar to symptoms asthma : This periodic bouts of wheezing and shortness of breath.

Reasons dysphonia organic type   - It is acute or chronic diseases of different parts of the larynx and lower respiratory tract. This can be inflammatory, allergic response, neurological disease, or cancer, which occurs due to narrowing of the airways or other changes, which lead to the changes in speech   due to respiratory disorders and voice.

Functional dysphonia can develop a person on the background of diseases of internal organs (lungs, heart, blood vessels), endocrine system (thyroid gland, adrenal glands, gonads). This type of dysphonia may occur against the backdrop of upper airway obstruction due to ingress of foreign bodies, receiving anabolic steroids. Quite often the treatment of dysphonia require those who use the voice professionally, that is engaged in a vocal, constantly speaks loudly by profession. Dysphonia may occur as a result of anemia . beriberi , Disease of the cervical spine, neurological disorders and mental health.

Changes of this type of speech can appear after surgical interventions, in which the organs can be damaged vocal apparatus of the larynx. Sometimes dysphonia occurs under the influence of extreme stress, taking certain medications, due to past infectious diseases.

The disorder is due to vote a permanent stay in a high moisture, a lot of dust, too cold or too hot climate. Changes in speech may be associated with production factors - inhalation of harmful substances . dust   and etc.

Another factor that can have a negative impact on the state of the vocal apparatus - frequent consumption of alcoholic beverages . Under the influence of alcohol is enhanced blood flow to the throat and larynx, which leads to the appearance of dryness of mucous membranes. Degrade the quality of voice and smokers. Tobacco smoke triggers chronic inflammation of the larynx, bronchi, trachea. In addition, tobacco smoke contains a large number of pollutants that contribute to the development of serious diseases, up to oncological processes . There is no need to abuse spicy dishes that are irritating effect on the mucous membrane. The voice may be imputed as a result of the use and very cold drinks. Especially harmful to alternate the use of too hot and cold drinks and dishes.

How to cure dysphonia?

Before practicing dysphonia treatment, the doctor needs to establish the correct diagnosis and determine which factor was decisive in the development of this symptom. The specialist must know how long it lasts speech disorder, which is a function of voice disorders have been observed if the patient has chronic diseases, against which could develop dysphonia. ALWAYS complete physical examination   (laryngoscopy, acoustic research speaker's voice, x-ray, CT scan of the larynx), laboratory tests.

Dysphonia treatment primarily involves complete treatment of those diseases that are triggered manifestation of the symptom. Sometimes restoring the voice requires the full correction neurological   and mental defects . Man must comply with the correct voice mode. If necessary, the treatment medication, physiotherapy. If there are indications, the doctor may decide to carry out surgery.

If the treatment is done correctly and consistently, then gradually from voice disorders can not completely get rid of. Pi complete absence of treatment, the transition of diseases into a chronic form, the voice may remain altered, or the human condition is aggravated even more.

Prevention is dysphonia, especially in the timely treatment of diseases of the larynx and pharynx, observing the correct voice mode, prophylactic treatment to a specialist at the first sign of problems with the voice. It is important to avoid frequent colds, strengthen the immune system.

Nifedipine

Description overdue on 04-04-2012

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Selective BCCI . The active component has an antihypertensive, antianginal, vasodilating effects. The principle of operation is based on reducing the flow of calcium in the smooth muscle cells of the peripheral and coronary vessels,   cardiomyocytes . High doses of the drug to inhibit the release of calcium ions from intracellular stores. Nifedipine is not affected at the time of inactivation, activation, restoration and the number of functioning channels. The drug has no effect on the tone of the veins. The basic substance activates collaterals, improves nutrition   the ischemic area of ​​the myocardium   It does not cause the phenomenon of "steal" strengthens coronary blood flow . The drug increases the diastolic relaxation of the left ventricle, reducing myocardial tone, enhances peripheral artery . The active ingredient does not exert an antiarrhythmic effect, does not affect the operation and SA atriventrikulyarnogo site . Nifedipine is produced in the form of pills, tablets, drops.

Indications:

Nifedipine prescribed for hypertension, Raynaud's syndrome , Angina (unstable, stable vasospastic, voltage) with coronary artery spasm, hypertension, pulmonary circulation .

Contraindications:

Nifedipine is not indicated in severe hypertension, intolerance, breastfeeding, pregnancy. If hypotension, renal failure, the system, expressed Mitral valve stenosis , Aortic, myocardial infarction, hepatic pathology system for the elderly, with obstruction of the digestive system is prescribed with caution after specialist consultation.

Side effect:

Nervous system:   drowsiness, asthenia , Fatigue, dizziness, headaches. Cardiovascular system:   worsening of current heart failure, excessive drop in blood pressure, arrhythmia, tachycardia , Peripheral edema. Digestive system: gingival hyperplasia , Dry mouth, dyspepsia, abnormalities in liver function, increased appetite. Perhaps the development of arthralgia , Myalgia, joint swelling, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenic purpura , Allergy, autoimmune hepatitis , Blurred vision, burning at the injection site, galactorrhea, gynecomastia, pulmonary edema, weight gain.

Overdose:

The marked drop in blood pressure, flushing of the facial skin, headaches, bradyarrhythmia, bradycardia, suppression of work sinus node . Requires gastric lavage, the appointment of calcium supplements that act antidote. Calcium gluconate is administered intravenously. If a strong drop in blood pressure, dopamine or dobutamine administered. With the development of heart failure prescribed strophanthin. When violations conductivity - an artificial pacemaker, isoprenaline, atropine. Hemodialysis is recognized as ineffective.

Mode of application:

Nifedipine administered sublingually, intracoronary, intravenously, orally. The maximum daily dose - 40 mg. When hypertensive crisis sublingually administered 10 mg of the drug every half an hour, under the control of the pulse pressure. Long-acting forms of the drug Nifedipine recommended to appoint vasospastic angina at a dose of 80 mg per day. In case of violation of cerebral circulation, diseases of the liver, the kidneys reduce the dosage. For relief of hypertensive crisis drug is administered intravenously: 0, 6-1, 2 mg / hour. When coronary spasm Nifedipine is administered intracoronary: 0, 1-0, 2 mg.

Special instructions:

Invalid receiving alcoholic beverages during treatment. Abolition of the drug produced gradually. Co-administration of beta-blockers is acceptable only under the supervision of the doctor because of the risk of excessive fall in blood pressure, worsening of heart failure flow. Use of the drug Nifedipine can cause a positive reaction Coombs. Inotropic effect   It can be enhanced with the appointment of flekainamidom, disopyramide. The probability of kidney damage increases when administering the drug to the elderly. Nifedipine affect the management of vehicles, concentration.

Drug Interactions:

Nifedipine lowers blood quinidine, amplifies tachycardia in combination with nitrates. The drug increases the concentration of digoxin, which requires monitoring. Cimetidine, nitrates increase the severity of the hypotensive effect. In appointing alpha-blocker , Prazosin marked inhibition of their metabolism. It is unacceptable intracoronary administration   drug in conjunction with other medications.