Gastritis is an inflammation of the lining of the intestinal wall. Provided 2 forms of gastritis - acute , Rapidly flowing and chronic Flowing with frequent relapses. Chronic gastritis - a disease caused by chronic inflammation of the mucosa of the inner wall of the stomach and impaired production of hydrochloric acid, which leads to the degeneration and restructuring envelope. The disease not only leads to pain, to a violation of the process of digestion, but also to a decrease in efficiency, appearance of irritability, fatigue. The main forms of chronic gastritis are A chronic autoimmune gastritis (up to 5% of all cases) and In chronic gastritis (85% of cases caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori ), Other forms of gastritis occurs much less frequently.
Chronic gastritis A proceeds with the normal secretion gastric But when the recess is a reduction of inflammation of gastric juice. Hemorrhagic (erosive) gastritis is accompanied by stomach bleeding , Occurrence of erosion on the gastric mucosa, while maintaining gastric secretion. Rigid gastritis characterized by inflammatory and scar changes antrum, its restriction. An independent form of gastritis is considered and reflux gastritis . Conventionally, to include chronic gastritis Giant hypertrophic gastritis (or disease Menetries ). In addition, there are gastritis with low and high secretory activity.
Chronic gastritis - very widespread disease, which affects more than 50% of the adult population of the planet, and among diseases of the stomach is 85%.
The disease is the result of acute gastritis, but often it causes are:
- eating disorders, eating cold food, eating spicy foods, excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages;
- Malnutrition (deficiency of proteins, vitamins), food intake, which contains emulsifiers, preservatives, refined oil;
- smoking;
- stress, which leads to disruption of the normal rhythm of life, such as work at night;
- long-term use of medicines that are irritating to the mucous membrane of the stomach;
- Adverse factors associated with the production (metal dust, lead compounds);
- genetic predisposition;
- the impact of toxic products of disturbed metabolism ( diabetes );
- chronic infectious disease ( syphilis . tuberculosis ).
In the majority of cases of chronic gastritis in the accompanying Chronic colitis . cholecystitis and appendicitis .
Symptoms of chronic gastritis
Chronic gastritis A has no specific symptoms and the clinical picture of the disease is quite diverse. In chronic gastritis with secretory deficiency, the most common symptoms are a feeling of fullness, aching pain in brief epigastric Especially during and after the meal. Other common symptoms of chronic gastritis dyspeptic symptoms - nausea, vomiting, heartburn , Regurgitation, sour taste in the mouth. Also, patients may experience rumbling in the stomach, flatulence , Violation of the chair. On palpation of the epigastric region may be painful.
If chronic gastritis occurs in a normal or an increased secretion of gastric juice, it is considered surface And occurs more frequently in men at a young age. In this case, patients plagued by abdominal pain, acid regurgitation, heartburn, feeling of heaviness in the stomach after eating, constipation . Pain can also occur at night.
After contact with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori in the stomach, it starts to actively proliferate, which leads to a change in the normal production of gastric juice, and the emergence of erosion and stomach ulcer .
The general condition of the patient is usually not affected, but in chronic gastritis with insufficient secretion of gastric juice can be observed weight loss, fatigue.
Very often a patient with symptoms of chronic gastritis, liver disease, bowel, pancreas, but in this case gastritis is a consequence of these diseases.
Diagnosis of chronic gastritis
If you suspect gastritis doctor assigns holding ultrasound and X-ray inspection, as well as esophagogastroduodenoscopy During which you can spend gastric mucosal biopsy to detect helicobacter pylori bacteria. Diagnosis of chronic gastritis includes the study of gastric secretion by intragastric pH-metry or by sensing frakionnogo . Informative method in the diagnosis of chronic gastritis is gastroscopy . With it you can see the big picture of gastritis - the nature of the pathological process, its localization and distribution.
However, the final diagnosis puts a gastroenterologist based on a comprehensive assessment of clinical and laboratory findings. It is important to rule out other diseases, such as ulcer . benign tumors of the stomach etc.
Treatment of chronic gastritis
Generally, treatment of patients with chronic gastritis is conducted on an outpatient basis, and hospitalization is necessary in cases of acute illness and difficulties in diagnosis.
If during the tests the patient has been identified in chronic gastritis caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, the doctor appoints conduct eradication therapy Aimed at destroying bacteria. In this case, for 7-10 days under the special scheme adopted two kinds of antibiotics and antisecretory drugs ( lansoprazole . omeprazole ). Eradication therapy is a reliable way to deal with the bacterium.
During flare-appointed special diet . A gastroenterologist or nutritionist will help you choose the most suitable diet and a list of recommended dishes.
Treatment of chronic gastritis diet therapy depends on the type of gastritis, gastric secretory function of the state and the phase of the disease, and should take into account the concomitant diseases of the liver and biliary tract, intestines, as well as anemia, vitamin deficiency.
Power fractional recommended, 5-6 times a day. During the first day of exacerbation refrain from eating, after switching to diet food - jelly, soups frayed. Food should be thermally and mechanically gentle, it can not be smoked, sour, food, drink only in the form of heat. At the same time prescribe medications, enveloping the stomach wall, and adsorbs toxins.
When gastritis with normal or elevated secretion of gastric juice nutrition is aimed at eliminating inflammation in the gastric mucosa and the normalization of its work. In this case, a nutritionist appointed Diet # 1a (up to 7 days), then - Diet №16 (up to 14 days), and is stretched by 3 months Diet №1 . Under these diets provide food to the patient in a liquid or a shabby, further added vitamins ( ascorbic acid . riboflavin ). Prohibited use of alcohol, juice, coffee, strong tea, acute fatty foods, canned goods, beans, peas.
In chronic gastritis with insufficient gastric secretion, diet aims to reduce inflammation in the stomach and its stimulation of the glandular system. In this case, compliance is shown diet №2 Which provides shchazhenie chemical stimulation gastric secretory activity. The body gets an increased amount of vitamins ( riboflavin . retinol ) And a sufficient amount of salt. Food in this case, a fraction, the food is well accepted in the grinding and thoroughly boiled form, and reception coffee, tea, juices, vegetable Nawar, broth, meat and low-fat varieties of fish provides stimulation of gastric secretory function. Due to insufficient production of gastric juices from the diet excludes foods that are rich in fiber, namely grapes, radishes, dates, as well as sharp, smoked and very salty food, cold drinks, pastry. Not recommended for whole milk, cream, porridge made of buckwheat and pearl barley, beans, pickled vegetables, mushrooms, soft drinks.
In periods of relapse is patients with chronic gastritis A constantly recommended diet, limiting themselves in alcohol, coffee, spicy, hot dishes, marinades, canned. Such prevention of chronic gastritis avoids frequent exacerbations.
During an exacerbation of autoimmune gastritis but appointed replacement therapy - Drugs that stimulate the production of gastric juice, hydrochloric acid preparations. For stimulation of gastric secretion in the diet included strong broths, meat and vegetable soups, lean meat, fish, vegetables, fruit. At the same time passes and the treatment of anemia.
Bile reflux gastritis It requires careful diet. The basic diet is made, as in the liver, during exacerbations prescribe chronic gastritis antacids ( Maalox . almagel ), Appointed as preparations for the neutralization of bile acids ( ursodeoxycholic acid . cholestyramine ), And to normalize gastrointestinal motility - metoclopramide drugs ( raglan . Reglan ).
When treating hypertrophic gastritis appointed high-calorie diet rich in proteins.
Drug treatment of chronic gastritis is conducted at an exacerbation of the disease. Patients with chronic gastritis in the period of acute appointed antacids ( Rother . vikalin . almagel ). To resolve dyspeptic symptoms using drugs metoclopramide ( Reglan ). In chronic gastritis with insufficient production of gastric juice designate of vegetable origin, which have anti-inflammatory properties: camomile, St. John's wort, peppermint, Valerian .
From physical therapy methods in complex treatment of exacerbations of chronic gastritis, used electrophoresis novocaine And various heat treatments, as well as diadynamic modulated currents . Physical therapy reduces symptoms of chronic gastritis, and normalize motor function of the stomach.
Patients suffering from chronic gastritis should be under medical supervision and checkups 2 times a year to adjust therapy and dietetics.
Prevention of chronic gastritis
Prevention of chronic gastritis is to prevent its relapse. It is important to observe the correct diet and rest, timely treatment of opportunistic diseases, elimination of overeating, alcohol, smoking, long-term use of certain medications.
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