Description overdue on 04.11.2011
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The preparation Zovirax It contains active synthetic substance acyclovir . The structure is close to the guanine . During the interaction with specific enzymes of acyclovir is converted into the active substance. Cells which have been infected with a virus, infected with viruses produce the enzyme thymidine kinase Which converts acyclovir into acyclovir triphosphate . Cytoplasmic infected cell is saturated with acyclovir triphosphate, and as a result violated the replication of DNA viruses. As a result, their reproduction is stopped and the body appears unviable viruses. In healthy cells the drug has no effect because of the absence of the enzyme thymidine kinase in them. Therefore acyclovir in them are in an inactive form. Also observed in the infected cells is much greater concentration of material than in healthy subjects. The drug is active against the viruses simple Herpes I and II, to a virus which causes varicella . Moderate activity with respect to the drug exhibits cytomegalovirus .
If you apply this drug for a long time, the patients, especially those who suffer immunocompromised , Developing viral resistance to acyclovir. Zovirax If used as an eye ointment, the acyclovir absorbed through the cornea. In the intraocular fluid is observed its high concentration. In the blood plasma substance almost misses, and only a minor amount of it can be observed in the urine. If the drug is taken in an ointment, the observed negligible systemic absorption material.
When administered intravenously by infusion of the drug after one hour there was the highest concentration of acyclovir in plasma. For oral use Zovirax part of the active substance is absorbed into the bloodstream. High drug concentration is observed in the liquid spinal cord . Part of acyclovir is metabolized in the liver. The substance is derived mainly through kidneys .
Indications and methods of use of the drug:
Zovirax is prescribed for a number of diseases for systemic and local applications. Thus, its use in infectious diseases of skin and mucous membranes, which provoked the herpes virus type I and II, for the treatment of primary Genital herpes . Zovirax is prescribed for infectious diseases, which cause zoster virus . varicella At herpes infection in neonates. Using the drug for prevention of infections provoked by a herpes virus, in humans who suffer immune deficiency, and for the prevention of cytomegalovirus infection during the conduct of operations on bone marrow transplantation.
Eye ointment is indicated for the treatment of viral keratitis . Zovirax tablets may be taken without regard to food, it should be washed down with plenty of water. When infection caused by the herpes simplex virus, you should take 200 mg 5 times a day after four hours. The treatment lasts for five days. If the patient has impaired intestinal absorption or there is immune deficiency, then he needs to assign a double dose of Zovirax. To prevent recurrence of infection, which triggers the herpes simplex virus, you need to take 200 mg every 6 hours funds. Another possible scheme of the drug - 400 mg every twelve hours. Acceptance of the need to interrupt the drug for 6-12 months.
As the prevention of infectious diseases that provokes the herpes simplex virus, people with immunodeficiency drug prescribed at 200 mg every six hours. If the patient is broken intestinal absorption or there is immune deficiency, then he needs to appoint 400 mg five times a day. Take the drug should be as long as there is a chance of infection.
Patients with shingles or chickenpox gently take 800 mg Zovirax five times a day. The course of treatment lasts one week. After bone marrow transplantation as a prevention of infections the drug administered intravenously as an infusion. You can then continue treatment Zovirax in pill form. Dose and duration of treatment prescribed by a doctor. For the treatment and prevention of said infections in children over two years old, suffering from immunodeficiency, using doses similar to adults. Children under two years of taking half doses. In the course of treatment of herpes zoster and varicella in children from six years of drug administered in a single dose of 800 mg. Children 2 to 6 years of age should take 400 mg for children up to 2 years - 200 mg. These doses of Zovirax should be taken four times a day for five days.
When intravenous infusion should last at least one hour. The dose of the drug in the treatment of patients with infectious diseases, provoked by the herpes simplex virus, you need to calculate the dose means of the formula 5 mg / kg of patient weight. This dose should be administered every eight hours. In the treatment of herpes zoster varicella, herpes Encephalitis immunocompromised patients the dose is calculated from the 10 mg / kg body weight. This dose should be administered every eight hours. As a prevention of cytomegalovirus infection after a bone marrow transplantation dose is 500 mg / m2 every eight hours.
The drug solution of n atrium chloride 0, 9 . Also acyclovir may be diluted solution Hartman , Sodium Glucose 5% . Solution should be administered immediately after preparation. Zovirax cream can be applied to the lesion up to five times each day. Eye ointment Zovirax should be placed in the conjunctival sac five times a day. A strip of ointment should be 10 mm.
Contraindications and possible side effects:
You can not use the drug in the presence of hypersensitivity to its components. Also, its use is relatively contraindicated in patients with dehydration and violation of kidney function . Carefully Zovirax prescribe to patients with neurological disorders. As a manifestation of the possible side effects nausea . vomiting . elevated liver enzymes , Appearance pain in the epigastric region . Also, the following violations in the work of the central nervous system: dizziness, headache, confusion, problems with orientation and sleep, hallucinations , High fatigue. In overdose possible convulsions and coma.
In the hematopoietic system are possible anemia . leukopenia . thrombocytopenia . In the kidney may be a manifestation: acute renal failure, and an increase in the amount of urea creatinine in the blood. Also available are a variety of displays allergic reactions And the solution in contact with the skin can develop inflammatory responses, and in some cases - necrosis . During the application of eye ointment may appear angioedema . burning . conjunctivitis . blepharitis . During application of the cream may occur local reactions - itching, skin irritation, dryness and contact dermatitis .
During pregnancy about the appropriateness of the solution takes Zovirax specialist. Breastfeeding while taking this drug should be stopped. An overdose of the drug can cause elevated levels urea and creatinine in the blood, the development of renal failure. Also, there may be a number of neurological disorders. Very high doses can cause coma. If overdose is carried out hemodialysis .
Specific recommendations:
The drug should be stored in a dry place, the temperature should not exceed 25 degrees Celsius. Shelf life of five years from the date of issue.
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