Description overdue on 09/22/2014
- Latin name: Avelox
- ATC code: J01MA14
- Active substance: Moxifloxacin (Moxifloxacin)
- Manufacturer: Bayer HealthCare AG, Germany
- Composition
- Product form
- Pharmacological action
- Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
- Indications
- Contraindications
- Side effects
- Instructions for use (method and dosage)
- Overdose
- Cooperation
- Terms of sale
- Storage conditions
- Shelf life
- Analogs
- Reviews
- Price, where to buy
Composition
One tablet It contains moxifloxacin hydrochloride - 436 + 8 mg of excipients (microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate, iron oxide yellow, titanium dioxide, red iron oxide, lactose monohydrate, croscarmellose sodium, hypromellose, macrogol 4000).
One milliliter solution the drug contains the active substance moxifloxacin - 1 + 6 mg of auxiliary elements (hydrochloric acid, water, sodium chloride, 2N sodium hydroxide solution).
Product form
- Avelox (Avelox) produced in the form of convex pink matt tablets , Oblong shape. The tablets chamfer and Bayer inscription on one side, M400 - on the other. The blister packs of 5 or 7 pieces in cardboard packs of 1 or 2 blister.
- The drug also has the form of a yellow-green a transparent liquid . In vials of 250 mL, one bottle in the package or in plastic bags of the same capacity, and 12 in a pack.
Pharmacological action
Antibacterial action.
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
Active substance - moxifloxacin - Antibacterial agent 4 generations quinolones Groups triftorhinolonov . It has a broad antibacterial activity. The substance penetrates directly into the cell interferes with the replication DNA hydrazo This leads to destruction of bacteria because of violating the integrity of the cell. It should be noted that the pathogenic agents do not have time to allocate a significant amount of toxins , Severe intoxication occurs.
A number of mechanisms that lead to resistance to cephalosporins, macrolides, penicillins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines It does not operate in the case of moxifloxacin . Not observed cross and Plasmid sustainability. If the resistance and there, it does not take place immediately, after a lot of harmful mutations in organisms. Rarely cross-resistance to quinolones .
By adding to the molecular structure methoxy group On eight carbon atoms increases antibiotic activity reduces the formation of resistant strains .
Moxifloxacin is active in quite a wide range of acid-resistant, gram-positive and - negative bacteria . anaerobes . atypical agents ( x Lamido, mycoplasma and l egionelle ).
When using the oral formulations of the drug, the observed changes in the intestinal microflora, reduces the concentration of bacteria required for the proper functioning GI . However, just two weeks after a course of antibiotics, microflora is restored.
According to the results of studies conducted in the laboratory in vitro , Susceptible to moxifloxacin: Gardnerella vaginalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, S. cohnii, S. haemolyticus, S. saprophyticus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus constellatus, group Streptococcus viridans, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, S. epidermidis, S. Hominis. Also, the sensitivity display: Haemophillus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Legionella pneumophila, Proteus vulgaris, Fusobacterium spp., Prevotela spp., Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma enitalium, Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Legionella pneumophila, Propionibacterium spp., Porphyromonas spp., Haemophillus parainfluenzue, Bordetella pertussis, Acinetobacter baumanii.
Possess moderate sensitivity: sensitive vancomycin and gentamicin strains of Enterococcus faecalis; Enterococcus faecium; Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Morganella morganii, Bacteroides spp., Clostridium spp. and others.
Moxifloxacin It has the ability to cross the placenta. It has been proved by studies in rats and monkeys. Instances increase miscarriage rates, improper formation of the skeleton, premature birth and fetal weight reduction, even at doses slightly higher than therapeutic.
When taken orally, antibiotics rapidly and almost completely absorbed and enter the bloodstream. About 90% of the drug found in the plasma half an hour, and after 4 reaches its maximum. If the vehicle taken with food, and time parameters Cmax suction change, but to a small extent.
When diatomaceous entering, the end of injection, the maximum concentration is reached, it is 25% greater than when receiving tablets. The antibiotic binds rapidly albumin (50%) and other plasma proteins, spreads throughout the body, reaching the set target organs. Antibiotic easily detected in unmodified form in the saliva, peritoneal cavity, interstitial fluid . peritoneal fluid and genitals.
Part of the drug in the body undergoes biotransformation and excreted through the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract. Formed metabolites no adverse effects on tissues and organs.
12 hours after administration of the antibiotic and its plasma concentration is reduced by half, so it is advisable to take the next dose means. There is partial tubular reabsorption kidney. The fourth part of the unaltered moxifloxacin eliminated via the kidneys and 22% in feces.
There were no significant changes in pharmacokinetic parameters in patients with kidney and liver, depending on age and race have been identified.
Indications
The drug is prescribed for the treatment of infections and inflammations caused by susceptible to the action of the agents:
- for the treatment of acute and chronic sinusitis ;
- infections of the skin and soft tissues;
- chronic bronchitis ;
- pneumonia ;
- intraperitoneal abscesses . polymicrobial infections ;
- endometritis . salpingitis , Other inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs.
Contraindications
The drug is not prescribed:
- Children up to 18 years , Due to the insufficient number of studies;
- at allergies on components, antibiotics of this series;
- at pregnancy and breast-feeding ;
- congenital or acquired heart disease, accompanied by QT prolongation ;
- at hypokalemia ;
- at bradycardia ;
- Heart Failure (disruption of the right ventricle);
- Arrhythmia ;
- at lactose intolerance ;
- the presence of serious Liver Diseases .
Care should be taken:
- at psychosis And other mental illnesses, diseases CNS ;
- in acute myocardial ischemia ;
- cirrhosis ;
- when combined with the means of influencing the activity of the heart.
Side effects
The drug was well researched. From the results of post-marketing studies and clinical trials can be concluded about the frequency and nature of adverse reactions manifested.
The most common and widespread of the effects are nausea, diarrhea and vomiting .
With a frequency of less than 3% met:
- fungal infections;
- headache and dizziness ;
- emergence cardiac arrhythmias ;
- pain epigastric area;
- increase the level and activity of liver enzymes ( transmiaz );
- upon administration of the drug intramuscularly observed pain and reactions at the site of infusion.
Rarely, very rarely observed:
- leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia , The change in concentration prothrombin or thromboplastin ;
- hyperuricemia . hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia ;
- state anxiety . depression , Emotional instability, suicidal tendencies and actions, depersonalization . psychomotor agitation ;
- violation and loss of vision and hearing;
- itch . hives . eosinophilia . allergy . angioedema . anaphylactic or anaphylactoid shock ;
- dyskinesia . paresthesia . disorientation and sleep disorders, vertigo . tremor . drowsiness , In violation of gustatory and olfactory sensations, convulsions . amnesia . hyperesthesia ;
- tachycardia , Palpitations, increased iliponizhenie Blood Pressure . ischemia ;
- from INDRA Stevens-Johnson (very rarely);
- breathlessness and decreased appetite . flatulence . constipation . stomatitis . dysphagia ;
- problems in the liver, increasing bilirubin . jaundice . hepatitis ;
- abnormalities in the kidneys, dehydration .
Instructions for use (method and dosage)
The tablets are not liquid and not sharing, regardless of the meal.
According to the instruction on Aveloks 400 mg, adult daily dosage is one tablet or 400 mg of the antibiotic.
The duration and reception mode physician should determine, depending on the severity of the infection, its efficiency and sensitivity of the patient.
Typically, at the beginning of treatment prescribed drug in injections, then, after the improvements may designate tablet.
During exacerbation chronic bronchitis Course of treatment is 5 days. At pneumonia - 7 (injections) to 10 days.
At acute sinusitis and uncomplicated infections of the skin and tissues duration of administration of the antibiotic is one week.
In uncomplicated pelvic infection treatment is two weeks.
In complicated infections of the skin and structures under the skin therapy is carried out in stages and lasts from 5 days to two weeks.
Individuals with disorders in the kidneys and liver, the elderly, and for different ethnic groups, dose adjustment is not performed.
Instructions for use Avelox for injection
Use only clear solution without precipitation or turbidity.
Intravenous drug is administered for a long time, for 60 minutes, at least, without diluting. Also often an antibiotic is mixed via T-piece water for injection sodium chloride (0, 9% or 1M), sodium dextrose (5%, 10%, 40%), sodium xylitol 20%, Ringer . The prepared mixture may be stored at room temperature for 24 hours.
At the same syringe or dropper other means do not mix.
Overdose
Data on overdose means not so much.
When used to 1200 mg once or 600 mg for 10 days side effects were reported.
If an overdose of means still occurred, should produce symptomatic treatment with careful monitoring of heart rate.
Immediately after receiving the extra-large dose tablet form means you can take chelators It will reduce the risk of adverse reactions.
Cooperation
The tool goes well with atenolol, theophylline, calcium supplementation, ranitidine, oral contraceptives, itraconazole, morphine, glibenclamide, digoxin, warfarin, probenecid .
However, when combined with indirect anticoagulants should be considered and checked periodically INR Properly adjust the dose of the antibiotic.
When combined with antacids, multivitamins and minerals are formed chelated complexes with multivalent cations, the concentration of antibiotic in the blood decreases. Therefore, caution should be 4 hours interval between drug administration.
If you combine the drug with activated carbon or other enterosorbents , The bioavailability of a drug is greatly reduced (about 80%). When administered intravenously, the figure is 20%.
Infusion solution should not be administered with 10% and 20% p-th chloride, sodium p-th sodium hydrogencarbonate 4, 2 and 8%, 4%.
Terms of sale
To purchase Avelox should be in possession of a prescription.
Storage conditions
Tablets stored in a cool, dry place out of reach of children.
The solution for infusion - at a temperature of 15-25 degrees.
Shelf life
Tablets glass vials - 5 years.
Plastic container - 3 years.
Analogs aveloks
Floratsid
Glewe
Fleksid
Levolet P
Norbaktin
Tsiprinol
Ofloksin
TSifran
Tavanic
Nolitsin
Ofloxacin
The closest analogue of Avelox: Moxifloxacin-Farmeks . Moxifloxacin . Moksiftor . Mofloks . Moxifloxacin-Kredofarm . Maksitsin . Moksiftor 400 . Moksin . Tevaloks . Mofloksin Lupin .
Reviews aveloks
Reviews of Avelox doctors disagree. Some consider it a strong and very effective antibiotic and assigns it even Flu and colds At pyelonephritis . E. coli and chlamydia . Some also believe it is not enough effective, but it has significant side effects.
Reviews on the forums, too ambiguous. Many confuse occurring adverse reactions such as nausea and loss of appetite. However, patients agree that this is quite a strong and effective antibiotic.
Price aveloks where to buy
Price Avelox is about 800 rubles per 5 tablets.
Buy a Moscow drug in a glass bottle, 250 ml will cost about 1300 rubles.
Price analogs may differ significantly from the original.
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